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HSF1
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSF1'' gene. HSF1 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is the primary mediator of transcriptional responses to proteotoxic stress with important roles in non-stress regulation such as development and metabolism. Structure Human HSF1 consists of several domains which regulate its binding and activity. DNA-Binding Domain (DBD) This N-terminal domain of approximately 100 amino acids is the most highly conserved region in the HSF protein family and consists of a helix-turn-helix loop. The DBD of each HSF1 monomer recognizes the sequence nGAAn on target DNA. Repeated sequences of the nGAAn pentamer constitute heat shock elements (HSEs) for active HSF1 trimers to bind. Oligomerization Domain (Leucine Zipper Domains) The two regions responsible for oligomerization between HSF1 monomers are leucine zipper (LZ) domains 1-3 and 4 (these regions are also commonly referred to as HR-A/B and HR-C). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Shock
The heat shock response (HSR) is a cell stress response that increases the number of molecular chaperones to combat the negative effects on proteins caused by stressors such as increased temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals. In a normal cell, proteostasis (protein homeostasis) must be maintained because proteins are the main functional units of the cell. Many proteins take on a defined configuration in a process known as protein folding in order to perform their biological functions. If these structures are altered, critical processes could be affected, leading to cell damage or death. The heat shock response can be employed under stress to induce the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP), many of which are molecular chaperones, that help prevent or reverse protein misfolding and provide an environment for proper folding. Protein folding is already challenging due to the crowded intracellular space where aberrant interactions can arise; it becomes more difficult whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Shock Protein
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock, but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold, UV light and during wound healing or tissue remodeling. Many members of this group perform chaperone functions by stabilizing new proteins to ensure correct folding or by helping to refold proteins that were damaged by the cell stress. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. The dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF). HSPs are found in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Heat shock proteins are named according to their molecular weight. For example, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 (the most widely studied HSPs) refer to families of heat shock proteins on the order of 60, 70 and 90 kilo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HSF2
Heat shock factor protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSF2'' gene. Function HSF2, as well as the related gene HSF1, encodes a protein that binds specifically to the heat-shock element and has homology to HSFs of other species. Heat shock transcription factors activate heat-shock response genes under conditions of heat or other stresses. Although the names HSF1 and HSF2 were chosen for historical reasons, these peptides should be referred to as heat-shock transcription factors. Interactions HSF2 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with Nucleoporin 62 and HSF1. See also * Heat shock factor References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Transcription factors {{gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Shock Factor
In molecular biology, heat shock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins. A typical example is the heat shock factor of ''Drosophila melanogaster''. Function Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. These activators bind specifically to Heat Shock sequence Elements (HSE) throughout the genome whose consensus-sequence is a tandem array of three oppositely oriented "AGAAN" motifs or a degenerate version thereof. Under non-stressed conditions, Drosophila HSF is a nuclear-localized unbound monomer, whereas heat shock activation results in Trimer (chemistry), trimerization and binding to the HSE. The Heat Shock sequence Element is highly conserved from yeast to humans. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is the major regulator of heat shock protein transcription in eukaryotes. In the absence of cellular stress, HSF-1 is inhibited by association with heat shock proteins and is therefore no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SYMPK
Symplekin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SYMPK'' gene. Function This gene encodes a nuclear protein that functions in the regulation of polyadenylation and promotes gene expression. The protein forms a high-molecular weight complex with components of the polyadenylation machinery. It is thought to serve as a scaffold for recruiting regulatory factors to the polyadenylation complex. It also participates in 3'-end maturation of histone mRNAs, which do not undergo polyadenylation. The protein also localizes to the cytoplasmic plaques of tight junctions in some cell types. Interactions SYMPK has been shown to interact with CSTF2, HSF1 and Oct4 Oct-4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), also known as POU5F1 ( POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POU5F1'' gene. Oct-4 is a homeodomain transcription factor of the POU family ...Yu J, Lu W, Ge T, et al., (2019). "Interaction Between Sympk and Oct4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Shock Protein 90kDa Alpha (cytosolic), Member A1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSP90AA1'' gene. Function The gene, HSP90AA1, encodes the human stress-inducible 90-kDa heat shock protein alpha (Hsp90A). Complemented by the constitutively expressed paralog Hsp90B which shares over 85% amino acid sequence identity, Hsp90A expression is initiated when a cell experiences proteotoxic stress. Once expressed Hsp90A dimers operate as molecular chaperones that bind and fold other proteins into their functional 3-dimensional structures. This molecular chaperoning ability of Hsp90A is driven by a cycle of structural rearrangements fueled by ATP hydrolysis. Current research on Hsp90A focuses in its role as a drug target due to its interaction with a large number of tumor promoting proteins and its role in cellular stress adaptation. Gene structure Human HSP90AA1 is encoded on the complement strand of Chromosome 14q32.33 and spans over 59 kbp. Several pseudogenes of HSP90AA1 exist t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HSPA1A
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1, also termed Hsp72, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSPA1A'' gene. As a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. In addition, Hsp72 also facilitates DNA repair. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cell senescence and aging, and inflammatory diseases such as Diabetes mellitus type 2 and rheumatoid arthritis. Structure This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family. As a Hsp70 protein, it has a C-terminal protein substrate-binding domain and an N-terminal ATP-binding domain. The substrate-binding domain consists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RALBP1
RalA-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RALBP1'' gene. Interactions RALBP1 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * Cyclin B1, * HSF1, * RALA, * RALB, and * REPS2. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-18-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCOA6
Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCOA6'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that can interact with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. The encoded protein has been shown to be involved in the hormone-dependent coactivation of several receptors, including prostanoid, retinoid, vitamin D3, thyroid hormone, and steroid receptors. The encoded protein may also act as a general coactivator since it has been shown to interact with some basal transcription factors, histone acetyltransferases, and methyltransferases. Interactions NCOA6 has been shown to interact with: * ASCL2 and * Activating transcription factor 2, * Androgen receptor, * CREB-binding protein, * DNA-PKcs, * E2F1, * EP300, * Estrogen receptor alpha, * Estrogen receptor beta, * HBXIP, * HIST2H3C, * HSF1, * Ku70, * Ku80, * Liver X receptor beta, * MLL3, * R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HSPA4
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSPA4'' gene. The protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ... encoded by this gene was originally suggested to be a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. However it is now known that human HSPA4 is an equivalent to mouse the Apg-2 protein and is a member of the Hsp110 family. Interactions HSPA4 has been shown to interact with: * APAF1 * DNAJB1, * HDAC1, * HSF1, * HSPBP1, * Histone deacetylase 2, * NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1), * STUB1, and * TTC1. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Chaperones Heat shock proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
