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HMS Gleaner (J83)
HMS ''Gleaner'' was one of 21 s built for the Royal Navy in the 1930s. Design and description The ''Halcyon'' class designed as a replacement for the preceding Hunt class and varied in size and propulsion. ''Gleaner'' displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of and gave a maximum speed of . ''Gleaner'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ship's complement consisted of 80 officers and ratings. ''Gleaner'' was armed with two QF 4-inch (10.2 cm) anti-aircraft guns. She was also equipped with eight machine guns. Later in her career, the rear 4-inch gun mount was removed as were most of the .303 machine guns, one quadruple mount for Vickers .50 machine guns was added as were up to four single or twin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Gray & Company
William Gray & Company Ltd. was a British shipbuilding company located in West Hartlepool, County Durham, in North East England. Founded in 1863 by John Denton and William Gray as a partnership, it became a private and then a public limited company under the leadership of three generations of the Gray family until finally Liquidation, wound up in 1962. Company history Denton, Gray & Co. In 1839 John Punshon Denton established a shipyard in Middleton, Hartlepool to build and repair Hull (watercraft), wooden-hulled sailing ships. In 1863 Denton entered into a General partnership, partnership with William Gray, a successful businessman with a chain of stores in Hartlepool, to form Denton, Gray and Company. The shipyard was modernised and extended, and began to build iron-hulled ships. Their first ship was launched on 23 January 1864. In 1865 Denton, Gray and Co. established a new partnership with the shipbuilders Richardson, Duck and Co. of Stockton-on-Tees, and marine engine builde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil, marine fuel oil (MFO), bunker fuel, furnace oil (FO), gas oil (gasoil), heating oils (such as home heating oil), diesel fuel and others. The term ''fuel oil'' generally includes any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat (heating oils), or used in an engine to generate power (as motor fuels). However, it does not usually include other liquid oils, such as those with a flash point of approximately , or oils burned in cotton- or wool-wick burners. In a stricter sense, ''fuel oil'' refers only to the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield, that is, those fuels heavier than gasoline (petrol) and naphtha. Fuel oil consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. Small molecules, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 Ships
Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead. * January 15 – Spanish Civil War: Second Battle of the Corunna Road ends inconclusively. * January 20 – Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the United States presidential inauguration occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution. * January 23 – Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union 17 leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime, and assassin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Empire Ships (Th–Ty)
Suffix beginning with T ''Empire Thackeray'' '' Empire Thackeray'' was a 2,865 GRT cargo ship built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 1 July 1942 and completed in August 1942. Sold in 1945 to Rodney Steamship Co Ltd and renamed ''Thackeray''. Operated under the management of Anglo-Danubian Transport Co Ltd, London. She ran aground on 27 December 1946 near Outer Cat Island, Argentia, Newfoundland. Refloated on 24 May 1947 and repaired at St John's, Newfoundland. Sold in 1948 to M S Polemis, Greece and rename ''Theokeetor''. Operated under the management of Goulandris Brothers Ltd, Greece. Sold in 1953 to Compagnia Commercial Tansatlantica SA, Panama and renamed ''Mozart''. Operated under the management of S Polemis & Sons Ltd, New York. Sold in 1954 to Compagnia Navigazione Micaela SA and renamed ''Micaela''. Operated under the management of Società Armamento Marittimo, Italy. Renamed ''Onorato Secondo'' in 1960. Sold in 1962 to Polska Zegluga Morska, Polan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptanalysis Of The Enigma
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from other decrypted Axis radio and teleprinter transmissions, was given the codename '' Ultra''. The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor machine, rotor scramblers. Good operating procedures, properly enforced, would have made the plugboard Enigma machine unbreakable. However, most of the German military forces, secret services, and civilian agencies that used Enigma employed poor operating procedures, and it was these poor procedures that allowed the Enigma machines to be reverse engineered, reverse-engineered and the ciphers to be read. The German plugboard-equipped Enigma became Nazi Germany's principal cryptography, crypto-system. In December 1932 it was "broken" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enigma Rotor Details
This article contains technical details about the rotors of the Enigma machine. Understanding the way the machine encrypts requires taking into account the current position of each rotor, the ring setting and its internal wiring. Physical design of rotors Image:Enigma-rotor-pin-contacts.jpg, The right side of a rotor, showing the pin electrical contacts. The Roman numeral V identifies the wiring of the rotor. Image:Enigma-rotor-flat-contacts.jpg, The left side of an Enigma rotor, showing the flat (plate) electrical contacts. A single turnover notch is visible on the left edge of the rotor. Rotor electrical view No letter can map to itself, a cryptographic weakness caused by the same wires being used for forwards and backwards legs. Rotor offset The effect of rotation on the rotors can be demonstrated with some examples. As an example, let us take rotor type I of Enigma I (see table below) without any ring setting offset. It can be seen that an is encoded as an , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-33 (1936)
German submarine ''U-33'' was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's '' Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 1 September 1935 at the Germaniawerft in Kiel. She was launched on 11 June 1936 and commissioned on 25 July with Ottoheinrich Junker in command. He was relieved by Kurt Freiwald on 22 November. ''Kapitänleutnant'' (''Kptlt.'') Hans-Wilhelm von Dresky took over on 29 October 1938 and commanded the boat until her loss. Rotors from ''Kriegsmarine''s Enigma machine were captured from the survivors, the wiring of which was unknown at that time to British codebreakers at Bletchley Park. Design As one of the first ten German Type VII submarines later designated as Type VIIA submarines, ''U-33'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Depth Charge
A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon. It is intended to destroy a submarine by being dropped into the water nearby and detonating, subjecting the target to a powerful and destructive hydraulic shock. Most depth charges use high explosive charges and a fuze set to detonate the charge, typically at a specific depth. Depth charges can be dropped by ships, patrol aircraft, and helicopters. Depth charges were developed during World War I, and were one of the first viable methods of attacking a submarine underwater. They were widely used in World War I and World War II, and remained part of the anti-submarine arsenals of many navies during the Cold War, during which they were supplemented, and later largely replaced, by anti-submarine homing torpedoes. A depth charge fitted with a nuclear warhead is also known as a " nuclear depth bomb". These were designed to be dropped from a patrol plane or deployed by an anti-submarine missile from a surface ship, or a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oerlikon 20 Mm Cannon
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons, based on an original German Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon design that appeared very early in World War I. It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II. Many versions of the cannon are still used today. Blowback-operated models History Origins During World War I, the German industrialist Reinhold Becker developed a 20 mm caliber cannon, known now as the 20 mm Becker using the advanced primer ignition blowback (API blowback) method of operation. This used a 20×70mmRB cartridge and had a cyclic rate of fire of 300 rpm. It was used on a limited scale as an aircraft gun on ''Luftstreitkräfte'' warplanes, and an anti-aircraft gun towards the end of that war. Because the Treaty of Versailles banned further production of such weapons in Germany, the patents and design works were transferred in 1919 to the Swiss firm SEMAG (''Seeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine Gun
A machine gun is a fully automatic, rifled autoloading firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges. Other automatic firearms such as automatic shotguns and automatic rifles (including assault rifles and battle rifles) are typically designed more for firing short bursts rather than continuous firepower, and are not considered true machine guns. As a class of military kinetic projectile weapon, machine guns are designed to be mainly used as infantry support weapons and generally used when attached to a bipod or tripod, a fixed mount or a heavy weapons platform for stability against recoils. Many machine guns also use belt feeding and open bolt operation, features not normally found on other infantry firearms. Machine guns can be further categorized as light machine guns, medium machine guns, heavy machine guns, general purpose machine guns and squad automatic weapons. Similar automatic firearms of caliber or more are classified as aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
