HLA-DR52

	HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. Three allele groups can produce 35 isoforms. DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta-encoding loci, and they have been recognized as having distinct evolution, having diverged from DRB1 around 4 million years ago. The DRB3 locus is only apparent in a small subset of DR haplotypes, and most individuals lack DRB3. Alleles Associated diseases DR52 serotype is positively associated with systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myopathies, inclusion body myositis, DRB301 is positively associated with sarcoidosis, Grave's Disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, DRB301:01:DRB103:01 is linked to Lofgren's syndrome DRB302:02 is also linked to Grave's disease, serum IgG antibodies to ''Chlamydia pneumoniae'' with essential hypertension, acute necrotizing encephalopathy DRB303:01 is weakly associated with anticardiolipin antibodies in SLE DRB303:01:DRB113:02 may be associated with Crohn's disease DRB1 linkage H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 (DR11) is a HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB11101 to 1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens. Serology The table above describes the efficiency of serological typing of DR11 and DR5. Serotypes are unknown the following alleles: DRB11110 to 1157 Disease associations By serotype DR11 is associated with grape anaphylaxis, well-differentiated thyroid cancer, low antibody production in Hepatitis C. By allele(s) DRB111 is associated systemic sclerosis (SSc) & anti-DNA topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) antibody DRB11101 is associated Anti-Ro/SSA with anti-La/SSB antibodies in neonatal lupus erythematosus, mite sensitive asthma, cervical cancer risk (HPV?) DRB11102: Tiopronin intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis DRB11104: pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis By haplotype DR11 is an identifier for the DR11-DQ7/DR7-DQ2 transhaplotype isoform of celiac disease. DR11-D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR (Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR isotype) and peptide, generally between 9 and 30 amino acids in length, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR). HLA (human leukocyte antigens) were originally defined as cell surface antigens that mediate graft-versus-host disease. Identification of these antigens has led to greater success and longevity in organ transplant. Antigens most responsible for graft loss are HLA-DR (first six months), HLA-B (first two years), and HLA-A (long-term survival). Good matching of these antigens between host and donor is most critical for achieving graft survival. HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance. It is also closely linked to HLA-DQ and this linkage often makes it difficult to resolve the more causative factor in disease. HLA-DR mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed of the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. Nearly half the US population has either DR3 or DR4 (only 1–3% have both), yet only a small percentage (about 0.5%) of these individuals will develop type 1 diabetes. Serology Some DR3 also react with HLA-DR17 and/or HLA-DR18. The DRB103:04 primarily reacts with DR3. The serotypes of 03:05, 03:06, 03:08 to 03:31 are unknown. Disease associations By serotype HLA-DR3 is associated with early-age onset myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (along with DR5), primary sclerosing cholangitis, and opportunistic infections in AIDS, but lowered risk for cancers. It is also associated with membranous glomerulonephritis By allele DRB103:01 (see HLA- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 (DR5) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen Serotype, serotypes. Serology Except for a few DRB1* Allele, alleles, the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor. Disease associations DR5 is associated with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV/AIDS, AIDS, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, mycosis fungoides, polyglandular deficiency syndrome, Systemic scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, childhood epilepsy, early-onset alopecia areata, short-ragweed Ra6 allergy, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, and increased longevity in the Dutch. Genetic linkage HLA-DR5 reactive gene products are linked to serology of HLA-DRB3 (HLA-DR52). References {{DR serotypes HLA-DR haplotypes, 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12(DR12) is a Human leukocyte antigen, HLA-HLA-DR, DR serotype that recognizes the DRB11201 to 1203, 1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens. Serology The table above describes the efficiency of serological typing of DR12 and DR5. Serotypes are unknown the following alleles: DRB11204,1205 to 1207 to 1215 Alleles There are only 2 common allels for DRB112, 1201 and 1202. 1202 is more common on the West Pacific Rim and particularly Indochina and the South Pacific. Disease associations DR12 is associated with vulval lichen sclerosus, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. DRB11201 is associated with iritis in juvenile arthritis, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, tiopronin intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, adult chronic articular Adult-onset Still's disease, Still's disease DRB11202 is found to be increased in narcolepsy associated sudden death syndrome in the Thai popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14(DR14) is a HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB11401 to 1408, 1410 to 1418, and other 14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens. Alleles Serotypes are unknown the following alleles: DRB11409, 1419 to 1462 Disease associations DRB11402: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, increased longevity in Okinawans. Extended linkage DR14:DQ5 haplotype: increased risk for non-AChR autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Genetic Linkage HLA-DR13 is genetically linked to HLA-DR52 and HLA-DQ5 (HLA-DQ1 HLA-DQ1 is a serotype that covers a broad range of HLA-DQ haplotypes. Historically it was identified as a DR-like alpha chain called DC1; later, it was among 3 types DQw1 (later DQ1, and split into DQ5 and DQ6), DQw2 and DQw3. Of these three s ...) serotypes. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hla-Dr14 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Human Genome Organisation The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is a non-profit organization founded in 1988. HUGO represents an international coordinating scientific body in response to initiatives such as the Human Genome Project. HUGO has four active committees, including the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), and the HUGO Committee on Ethics, Law and Society (CELS). History HUGO was established at the first meeting on genome mapping and sequencing at Cold Spring Harbor in 1988. The idea of starting the organization stemmed from South African biologist Sydney Brenner, who is best known for his significant contributions to work on the genetic code and other areas of molecular biology, as well as winning the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. A Founding Council was elected at the meeting with a total of 42 scientists from 17 different countries, with Victor A. McKusick serving as founding President. In 2016, HUGO was located at the EWHA Womans University in Seoul, South Korea. In 2020, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	European Bioinformatics Institute The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) which, as part of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) family, focuses on research and services in bioinformatics. It is located on the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton near Cambridge, and employs over 600 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff. Further, the EMBL-EBI hosts training programs that teach scientists the fundamentals of the work with biological data and promote the plethora of bioinformatic tools available for their research, both EMBL-EBI-based and not so. Bioinformatic services One of the roles of the EMBL-EBI is to index and maintain biological data in a set of databases, including Ensembl (housing whole genome sequence data), UniProt (protein sequence and annotation database) and Protein Data Bank (protein and nucleic acid tertiary structure database). A variety of online services and tools is provided, such as Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) or Clust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Locus (genetics) In genetics, a locus (: loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of Human genome#Coding sequences (protein-coding genes), protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at 19,000–20,000. Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygote, homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygote, heterozygous. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the specific locus or loci responsible for producing a particular phenotype or biological trait. Association ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Chromosome 6 (human) Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 6 spans nearly 171 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5.5 and 6% of the total DNA in cells. It contains the major histocompatibility complex, which contains over 100 genes related to the immune response, and plays a vital role in organ transplantation. The evolution of human centromere 6 The centromere of chromosome 6 illustrates an interesting example of centromere evolution. It was known that in a Catarrhini ancestor the chromosome 6 centromere was situated near position 26 Mb of the modern human chromosome. In ''Macaca mulatta'', this old centromere went defunct and repositioned to a different chromosomal location. In the case of humans, the old centromere went defunct and a more recent form emerged near the modern position of human cen6 (size of 60 Mb). Such cases are known as Evolutionary New Centromeres (ENC). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection. Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be familial or sporadic, but both forms are very similar to each other. Multiple subtypes, associated with specific genes have been found. Symptoms and signs Acute necrotizing encephalopathy typically appears in infancy or early childhood, although some people do not develop the condition until adolescence or adulthood. People with this condition usually show typical symptoms of an infection, such as fever, cough, congestion, vomiting, and diarrhea, for a few days. Following these flu-like symptoms, affected individuals develop neurological problems, such as seizures, hallucinations, difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), or abnormal muscle tone. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]