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Gyalrong
The Gyalrong () people, also called ''rgyal rong, jiarong'' ( zh, s=嘉绒人), or Gyelrongwas, live in parts of the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China. The word Gyalrong is an exo-ethnonym and loanword from the Tibetan word ''rGyal-mo tsha-wa rong''.Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. The Gyalrong refer to themselves as Keru. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Gyalrong were ruled by local chieftains (''Tusi''). In 1746, Slob Dpon, the chieftain of Greater Jinchuan, was trying to unite tribes in Sichuan, forcing the Qing dynasty to launch campaigns to suppress them. The People's Republic of China subsequently lumped them together with Tibetans. Due to the intermixing of ethnicities, it is difficult to accurately count the Gyalrong people, but they probably number in the hundreds of thousands. The dominant religion of Gyalrong was once Bon, but in the early 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalrong Languages
Gyalrong or rGyalrong (), also rendered Jiarong ( zh, t=嘉絨語, s=嘉绒语, p=Jiāróngyǔ), or sometimes Gyarung, is a subbranch of the Gyalrongic languages spoken by the Gyalrong people in Western Sichuan, China. Lai et al. (2020) refer to this group of languages as East Gyalrongic. Name The name ''Gyalrong'' is an abbreviation of Tibetan , ''shar rgyal-mo tsha-ba rong'', "the hot valleys of the queen", the queen being Mount Murdo (in Tibetan, ''dmu-rdo'').Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. Mount Murdo is in the historical region of Kham, now mostly located inside Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan. This Tibetan word is transcribed in Chinese as 嘉绒 or 嘉戎 or 嘉荣, ''jiāróng''. It is pronounced by speakers of Situ. It is a place-name and is not used by the people to designate their own language. The autonym is pronounced in Situ and in Japhug. The Gyalrong people are the descendants of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalrong Language
Gyalrong or rGyalrong (), also rendered Jiarong ( zh, t=嘉絨語, s=嘉绒语, p=Jiāróngyǔ), or sometimes Gyarung, is a subbranch of the Gyalrongic languages spoken by the Gyalrong people in Western Sichuan, China. Lai et al. (2020) refer to this group of languages as East Gyalrongic. Name The name ''Gyalrong'' is an abbreviation of Tibetan , ''shar rgyal-mo tsha-ba rong'', "the hot valleys of the queen", the queen being Mount Murdo (in Tibetan, ''dmu-rdo'').Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. Mount Murdo is in the historical region of Kham, now mostly located inside Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan. This Tibetan word is transcribed in Chinese as 嘉绒 or 嘉戎 or 嘉荣, ''jiāróng''. It is pronounced by speakers of Situ. It is a place-name and is not used by the people to designate their own language. The autonym is pronounced in Situ and in Japhug. The Gyalrong people are the descendants of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngawa Tibetan And Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, also known as Aba (; Qiang language, Qiang: ; zh, s=阿坝藏族羌族自治州, t=阿壩藏族羌族自治州), is an autonomous prefecture of northwestern Sichuan, bordering Gansu to the north and northeast and Qinghai to the northwest. Its seat is in Barkam, and it has an area of . The population was 895,200 by 2022. The county of Wenchuan in Ngawa is the site of the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in which over 20,000 of its residents died and 40,000 were injured. History and names During the reign of Tibetan Empire, Tibet's king Trisong Detsen in the 8th century, the Gyalrong area was visited by the great translator Vairotsana. In 1410 Je Tsongkhapa's student Tshakho Ngawang Tapa established the first Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist Gelug school monastery in the area, called "Gyalrong". In contemporary history, most of Ngawa was under the 16th Administrative Prefecture of Szechwan (), which was established by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinchuan Campaigns
The Jinchuan campaigns (), also known as the Suppression of the Jinchuan Hill Peoples (Chinese: 平定兩金川), were two wars between Qing Empire and the rebel forces of Gyalrong chieftains ("Tusi") from the Jinchuan region. The first campaign against Chiefdom of Chuchen (Da Jinchuan or Greater Jinchuan in Chinese) happened in 1747 when the Tusi of Greater Jinchuan Slob Dpon attacked the Chiefdom of Chakla (Mingzheng). The Qianlong Emperor decided to mobilize forces and suppress Slob Dpon, who surrendered to the central government in 1749. The second campaign against Chiefdom of Tsanlha (Xiao Jinchuan or Lesser Jinchuan) took place in 1771, when the Jinchuan Tusi Sonom killed Geshitsa Tusi of Ngawa County in Sichuan Province. After Sonom killed Geshitsa Tusi, he helped Tusi of Lesser Jinchuan, Skal bzang, to occupy the lands belonging to the other Tusi in the region. The provincial government ordered Sonom to return lands and accept the trial at the Ministry of Justice im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiangic Languages
Qiangic (''Chʻiang, Kyang, Tsiang'', Chinese: 羌語支, "''Qiang'' language group"; also Rmaic, formerly known as Dzorgaic) is a group of related languages within the Sino-Tibetan language family. They are spoken mainly in Southwest China, including Sichuan and northern Yunnan. Most Qiangic languages are distributed in the prefectures of Ngawa, Garzê, Ya'an and Liangshan in Sichuan with some in Northern Yunnan as well. Qiangic speakers are variously classified as part of the Qiang, Tibetan, Pumi, Nakhi, and Mongol ethnic groups by the People's Republic of China. The extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia is considered to be Qiangic by some linguists, including Matisoff (2004).Matisoff, James. 2004"Brightening" and the place of Xixia (Tangut) in the Qiangic subgroup of Tibeto-Burman/ref> The undeciphered Nam language of China may possibly be related to Qiangic. Lamo, Larong and Drag-yab, or the Chamdo languages, a group of three closely related Sino-Tibetan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trokyap
Trokyap (, ) or Chuosi was a Gyalrong Tibetan kingdom located in today's southern Zamthang County and north of Jinchuan County of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan Province of China. It was one of the 18 Gyalrong kingdoms. In 1700, it submitted to the Qing rule and its leader received the title "Pacification Commissioner" (Anfusi, 安抚司). It regained autonomy after the Xinhai Revolution in 1912. In the late 1930s, the nationalist Kuomintang government placed it under Xikang Xikang (formerly romanized as Sikang or Hsikang, or 'Kham to the west f Sichuan) was a nominal province formed by the Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China in 1939 on the initiative of prominent Sichuan warlord Liu Wenhui and re ... jurisdiction. The kingdom was abolished by the Chinese Government in 1952. References Tusi History of Sichuan Kham States and territories disestablished in 1952 {{Tibet-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangut People
The Tangut people ( Tangut: , ''mjɨ nja̱'' or , ''mji dzjwo''; ; ; ) were a Sino-Tibetan people who founded and inhabited the Western Xia dynasty. The group initially lived under Tuyuhun authority, but later submitted to the Tang dynasty. After the collapse of Tang dynasty, the Tanguts established the Western Xia. They spoke the Tangut language, which was previously believed to be one of the Qiangic languages or Yi languages which belong to the Tibeto-Burman family." Phylogenetic and historical linguistic accounts, however, reveal that Tangut belonged instead to the Gyalrongic branch of Tibeto-Burman. Western Xia was annihilated by the Mongol Empire in 1227, and most of its written records and architecture were destroyed. Today the Tangut language and its unique script are extinct; only fragments of Tangut literature remain. Language The Tangut language, otherwise known as ''Fan'', belongs to the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Like many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiefdom Of Chuchen
Chiefdom of Chuchen (; ), also known as Rabden or the Chiefdom of Greater Jinchuan (; ), was an autonomous Gyalrong Tusi chiefdom that ruled Greater Jinchuan (present day Jinchuan County, Sichuan) during the Qing dynasty. The rulers of Chuchen used the royal title Namkha Gyalpo (), literally "king of Namkha". Chieftains of Chuchen had family relationship with chieftains of Tsanlha (Lesser Jinchuan). The first Chuchen chieftain was Slob Dpon, he was appointed by the Qing dynasty in 1723. Slob Dpon married a daughter to Tsewang, the chieftain of Tsanlha. Tsewang was cowardly. Slob Dpon deposed Tsewang and annexed Tsanlha in 1746; then, he invaded neighbouring chiefdoms. In 1747, the Qing dynasty launched the First Jinchuan campaign. Slob Dpon had to abdicated to his son Lang Kashi. The Second Jinchuan campaign broke out in 1771. Two years later, chief Sonom Sonom (died June 13–14, 1776) was a chieftain of the rGyalrong people in China. He was the lord-lama of Greater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuchen
Jinchuan County or Quqên (; zh, s=金川县) is a county in the northwest of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The seat of county is Dowu Town (Lewu). The county spans an area of 5,524 square kilometers, and has a population of about 73,000 as of 2019. Administrative divisions The county is divided into 3 towns and 15 townships. These township-level divisions are further divided into 112 village-level divisions. History Prior to the 18th century, Greater Jinchuan was ruled by the Gyalrong Tibetan Chiefdom of Chuchen. In 1700, the kingdom of Trokyap submitted to the Qing rule. From 1747 to 1776, the Qing dynasty launched the Jinchuan campaigns to suppress the Jinchuan chiefdoms. The county briefly belonged to the until 1935. In 1950, the People's Liberation Army conquered the county. The county was briefly renamed Dajinchuan County () from 1953 to June 1959. Geography The county is bordered b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsanlha
Xiaojin County ( zh, s=小金县), also known as Tsanlha from its Tibetan name (), is a county in the northwest of Sichuan Province, China. It is the southernmost county-level division of the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. History Prior to the 18th century, Lesser Jinchuan was ruled by the Gyalrong Tibetan Chiefdom of Tsanlha. From 1747 to 1776, the Qing dynasty launched the Jinchuan campaigns to suppress the Jinchuan chiefdoms. Administrative divisions Xiaojin County contains 7 towns and 11 townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...: Climate References Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture County-level divisions of Sichuan {{Sichuan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khams Tibetan
Khams Tibetan () is the Tibetic languages, Tibetic language used by the majority of the people in Kham. Khams is one of the three branches of the traditional classification of Tibetic languages (the other two being Amdo Tibetan and Ü-Tsang). In terms of mutual intelligibility, Khams could communicate at a basic level with the Ü-Tsang branch (including Lhasa Tibetan). Both Khams Tibetan and Lhasa Tibetan evolve to not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more Linguistic conservatism, conservative Amdo Tibetan. Also, Kham and Lhasa Tibetan evolved to be tonal language, tonal, which Classical Tibetan was not. Khams Tibetan has 80% lexical similarity with Central Tibetan. Distribution Kham Tibetan is spoken in Kham, which is now divided between the eastern part of Tibet Autonomous Region, the southern part of Qinghai, the western part of Sichuan, and the northwestern part of Yunnan, China. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, often shortened to Ganzi Prefecture, is an autonomous prefecture in the western arm of Sichuan province, China bordering Yunnan to the south, the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west, and Gansu to the north and northwest. The prefecture's area is . The population is approximately 880,000, with Tibetan people, Tibetans accounting for 77.8% of the total population. The capital city of Garzê is Kangding (Dartsedo). History Garzê was traditionally part of the historical region of Kham. During the period of rule by the Republic of China (1912–49), Garzê became nominally part of the province of Xikang, which included parts of former Kham. In 1930, the Tibetan Army, Tibetan army invaded Garzê, capturing it without much resistance. However, in 1932, the Tibetan army withdrew after suffering defeats elsewhere at the hands of the warlord of Qinghai, Ma Bufang. Chinese warlord Liu Wenhui reoccupied Garzê, and signed an agreement with the Tibe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
