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Gyalideopsis Ellipsoidea
''Gyalideopsis ellipsoidea'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It occurs in northeastern Brazil, where it grows on the smooth bark of trees in Caatinga forest ecosystems. Taxonomy ''Gyalideopsis ellipsoidea'' was first described in 2013 by Aline Anjos Menezes, Marcela Cáceres, and André Aptroot from specimens collected by Menezes in the Chapada do Araripe region of northeastern Brazil. Description ''Gyalideopsis ellipsoidea'' is a crustose lichen, meaning it grows as a thin crust closely adhering to its substrate. It features a shiny grey thallus that is very thin and follows the contours of the bark surface. The thallus is surrounded by a narrow black line (a border-like structure). The reproductive structures (ascomata) are superficial, appearing on the surface rather than embedded in the thallus. These structures range from round to elongated, measuring 0.2–0.4 mm wide and 0.2–0.6 mm long. They have a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Aptroot
André Aptroot ( Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species. Career In 1993 he did his PhD at the University of Utrecht under the supervision of Robbert Gradstein (nl). His dissertation was titled "Systematic studies on pyrenocarpous lichens and related fungi". He specializes in fungi and lichens on which he has several hundreds of publications to his name. He has worked as curator at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (now Westerdijk Institute). Aptroot is the founder of the ''Adviesbureau voor Bryologie en Lichenologie – Herbarium'' (Consultancy for Bryology and Lichenology), which is located in Soest where there is a herbarium with a collection of lichens mainly from the Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical reagent on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products (secondary metabolites) produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed as a method to help identify species by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. In ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Of Northeast Brazil
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiodecton Sphaerale
''Chiodecton'' is a genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1814, with '' Chiodecton sphaerale'' assigned as the type species. Species , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 24 species in ''Chiodecton''. *'' Chiodecton acarosporoides'' *'' Chiodecton andamanicum'' – India *'' Chiodecton applanatum'' – Malaysia *'' Chiodecton colensoi'' *'' Chiodecton complexum'' – Brazil *'' Chiodecton congestulum'' *'' Chiodecton effusum'' *'' Chiodecton flavovirens'' *'' Chiodecton graphidastroides'' *'' Chiodecton heterogenum'' *'' Chiodecton leprarioides'' – Réunion Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ... *'' Chiodecton leptosporum'' *'' Chiodecton lichexanthonicum'' – Brazil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceará
Ceará (, ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. It is the List of Brazilian states by population, eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the List of Brazilian states by area, 17th by area. It is also one of the main tourist destinations in Brazil. The List of capitals in Brazil, state capital is the city of Fortaleza, the country's fourth most populous city. The state has 4.3% of the Brazilian population and produces 2.1% of the Brazilian GDP. It is divided into 184 municipalities. Literally, the name ''Ceará'' means "sings the Aratinga, jandaia". According to José de Alencar, one of the most important writers of Brazil and an authority in Tupi Guaraní, ''Ceará'' means turquoise or green waters. The state is best known for its extensive coastline, with of sand. There are also mountains and valleys producing tropical fruits. To the south, on the border o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xerophytic
A xerophyte () is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cactus, cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology (biology), morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their Tissue (biology)#Plant tissue, tissues, during which their metabolism, metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are said to be .” Xeromorphic”, The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms, Michael Hickey, Clive King, Cambridge University Press, 2001 Xerophytes such as cacti are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Their waxy, thorny leaves prevent loss of moisture. Introduction Plants absorb water from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biome
A biome () is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate. In 1935, Tansley added the climatic and soil aspects to the idea, calling it ''ecosystem''. The International Biological Program (1964–74) projects popularized the concept of biome. However, in some contexts, the term ''biome'' is used in a different manner. In German literature, particularly in the Walter terminology, the term is used similarly as '' biotope'' (a concrete geographical unit), while the biome definition used in this article is used as an international, non-regional, terminology—irrespectively of the continent in which an area is present, it takes the same biome name—and corresponds to his "zonobiome", "orobiome" and "pedobiome" (biomes determined by climate zone, altitude or soil). In the Brazilian literature, the term ''biome'' is sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalideopsis
''Gyalideopsis'' is a genus of lichens in the family Gomphillaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1972. Species , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 52 species of ''Gyalideopsis''. *'' Gyalideopsis altamirensis'' *'' Gyalideopsis americana'' *'' Gyalideopsis applanata'' *'' Gyalideopsis aptrootii'' *'' Gyalideopsis arvidssonii'' *'' Gyalideopsis bartramiorum'' *'' Gyalideopsis berenice'' *''Gyalideopsis buckii'' *'' Gyalideopsis caespitosa'' *'' Gyalideopsis chibaensis'' *'' Gyalideopsis chicaque'' *'' Gyalideopsis choshuencensis'' *'' Gyalideopsis crenulata'' *'' Gyalideopsis cristata'' *'' Gyalideopsis dominicana'' *''Gyalideopsis ellipsoidea'' *'' Gyalideopsis epicorticis'' *'' Gyalideopsis frahmii'' *'' Gyalideopsis glauca'' *'' Gyalideopsis globispora'' *'' Gyalideopsis graminicola'' *'' Gyalideopsis halocarpa'' *'' Gyalideopsis heardense'' *'' Gyalideopsis helvetica'' *'' Gyalideopsis japoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. This is called the stationary phase. The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. Therefore, different compounds move up the TLC plate at different speeds and become separated. To visualize colourless compounds, the plate is viewed under UV light or is stained.Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., Wimmer, H. (1990): Thin-Layer Chromatography: Reagents and Detection Methods, Volume 1a, VCH, Weinheim, Testing different stationary and mobile phases is often necessary to obtain well-defined an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
