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Guillermo Cervantes
Guillermo Cervantes Vásquez (?, Peru – after 1922, possibly Ecuador or Peru) was a Peruvian captain and leader of the Peruvian army who formed the group of ''Veterans of Caquetá'' that fought in the 1911 :es:Conflicto de La Pedrera, La Pedrera Conflict against Colombia, better remembered for his insurrection in 1921 where he proclaimed the Third Federal State of Loreto, one of many attempts to transform Peru into a federal state. Biography Born in Peru, he entered the Peruvian Army, where he met future president Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, with whom he participated against an insurrection in Puno in 1915. As the handing of the Amazon Trapeze to Colombia became apparent, he became frustrated and adamantly opposed it. Insurrection The Leguía administration was unaware of the discontent of the people in Loreto, who were dissatisfied with the treaty to be signed with Colombia, and was thus beginning to have small conflicts both with the Colombian authorities and with the authoriti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Federal State Of Loreto
The Federal State of Loreto was an unrecognised self-proclaimed federated state within Peru that was proclaimed during an insurrection in 1921 headed by Peruvian captain Guillermo Cervantes. It was formed from the Department of Loreto and existed as ''de facto'' autonomous region of the country. It was dissolved in 1922, after the rebellion was crushed by Peruvian forces. The state was one of many attempts proclaimed in order to gain more autonomy for the region as well as reform Peru into a federal state. Its capital was Iquitos. History The state was proclaimed in 1921 in response to the region's perceived neglect on the part of the Peruvian government, in both trade and its intent of ceding cerritory to Colombia, by local Peruvian captain Guillermo Cervantes Vásquez, who had participated in a conflict against Colombia in 1911. The provisional government, headed in Iquitos, soon expanded its control to the departments of Amazonas and San Martin. On its second day of existen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal State
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body. Alternatively, a federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. It is often argued that federal states where the central government has overriding powers are not truly federal states. For example, such overriding powers may include: the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodomiro Gutiérrez Cuevas
Teodomiro A. Gutiérrez Cuevas, also known by his pseudonym Rumi Maqui ( Quechua for ''hand of stone''), was a Peruvian Army Major and Indigenous leader who led a rebellion in Puno in 1915. After his imprisonment, he escaped his prison in Arequipa in January 1917. Early life Gutiérrez was born on July 25, 1861 (other sources date his birth to the year 1864) in Cerro de Pasco, then in the Department of Junín, to Dr. Julián R. Gutiérrez and Beatriz Cuevas, daughter of an Argentine lawyer. He was admitted to the Methodist Episcopal Church on December 27, 1914, after which he maintained an active role, writing articles for the church's publications on some occasions. Military career Gutiérrez joined the Peruvian Army at the age of 15 and participated in the War of the Pacific. After the Chilean Army's successful Lima Campaign, the city of Lima was occupied by Chilean troops. During the battle for the city, he fought in the Battle of Miraflores. Gutiérrez collaborated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Bustamante Dueñas
Juan Bustamante Dueñas, allegedly also known as Túpac Amaru III, was a Peruvian indigenous leader who led a rebellion that lasted from 1867 to 1868. Early life Bustamante was the son of Mariano Bustamante y Jiménez, a former royalist army officer, and Agustina Dueñas y Vera, who claimed to be a descendant of Túpac Amaru I and owned extensive agricultural properties. He grew up in a wealthy home, despite which, he was able to witness the poverty of the local Indians and show solidarity with them. His first studies were in his hometown and then in Arequipa. He made a great wealth with his wool business and the administration of his farm, known as ''Urquinamuni''. He financed the construction of two bridges, one over the Cabanillas River and the other over the Pucará River. He traveled twice to Europe and wrote two books where he recounted these adventures, works in which his social preaching in favor of the Indians was already glimpsed. Political and military career He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loretan Insurrection Of 1896
Loretan Insurrection of 1896 was a rebellion of the population of the Department of Loreto against the government of Peru, fought from 2 May 1896 to 10 July 1896. During the insurrection, the population demanded federalization of Peru, and the reformation of Loreto into the autonomous state, which lead to self-proclamation of Federal State of Loreto, ''de facto'' autonomous region within Peru. On 10 July 1896, the rebellion was defeated by the government forces and the Federal State was disestablished.Frederica Barclay Rey de Castro, ''El Estado Federal de Loreto, 1896James B. Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition'', p. 248. Background The Department of Loreto was established on 7 February 1866 as one of the departaments of Peru. It was separated from the Department of Amazonas. During the Amazon rubber boom, the region had experienced enormous economic growth, making the city of Iquitos, one of the most impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia–Peru War
The Colombia–Peru War, also called the Leticia War, was a short-lived armed conflict between Colombia and Peru over territory in the Amazon rainforest that lasted from September 1, 1932 to May 24, 1933. In the end, an agreement was reached to divide the disputed area between both countries. Background Civilian takeover The Colombia–Peru War was the result of dissatisfaction with the Salomón–Lozano Treaty and the imposition of heavy tariffs on sugar. On August 27, 1932, Peruvian civilians Oscar Ordoñez and Juan La Rosa Guevara, in the presence of Lieutenant Colonel Isauro Calderón, Lieutenant Commander Hernán Tudela y Lavalle, engineers Oscar H. Ordóñez de la Haza and Luis A. Arana, doctors Guillermo Ponce de León, Ignacio Morey Peña, Pedro del Águila Hidalgo and Manuel I. Morey created the National Patriotic Junta ( es, Junta Patriótica Nacional), known also as the Patriotic Junta of Loreto ( es, Junta Patriótica de Loreto). They obtained, through donations and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iquitos
Iquitos (; ) is the capital city of Peru's Maynas Province and Loreto Region. It is the largest metropolis in the Peruvian Amazon, east of the Andes, as well as the ninth-most populous city of Peru. Iquitos is the largest city in the world that cannot be reached by road that isn't on an island, it is accessible only by river and air. It is known as the "capital of the Peruvian Amazon". The city is located in the Great Plains of the Amazon Basin, fed by the Amazon, Nanay, and Itaya rivers. Overall, it constitutes the Iquitos metropolitan area, a conurbation of 471,993 inhabitants consisting of four districts: Iquitos, Punchana, Belén, and San Juan Bautista. The area has long been inhabited by indigenous peoples. According to Spanish historical documents, Iquitos was established around 1757 as a Spanish Jesuit reduction on the banks of the Nanay River. The Jesuits gathered local Napeano (Yameo) and Iquito natives to live here, and they named it ''San Pablo de Napeanos''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Comercio (Peru)
''El Comercio'' is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is one of the most influential media in Peru. History The military dictatorship of Juan Velasco Alvarado expropriated the newspaper in the mid-1970s. The company was returned to their original owners by President Fernando Belaúnde Terry on 28 July 1980, the same day he assumed office. It was his first official act upon assuming his presidency. The newspaper is owned by shareholders of the Miró Quesada family, whose ownership of the company dates to 1875. Despite this, management is under control of an individual who is not a member of the family. The company has ownership over its subsidiaries, the newspapers '' Peru 21'' and ''Trome'', and the magazine ''Somos''. The corporation, Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A., is the product of the merging of many comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of 52 million. Colombia's cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a Spanish colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by enslaved Africans, as well as with those of the various Amerindian civilizations that predate colonization. Spanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (August 12, 1889 – April 30, 1933) was a high-ranking Peruvian army officer who served as the 41st President of Peru, from 1931 to 1933 as well as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Provisional Government Junta, from 1930 to 1931. On August 22, 1930, as a lieutenant-colonel, he overturned the eleven-year dictatorship of Augusto B. Leguía after a coup d'état in Arequipa. Following Leguía's resignation, Manuel Ponce was interim president until Sánchez was chosen on August 27. The new president flew to Lima and himself served as provisional president until the military with whom he had effected the coup forced him into exile after six months in office. Early life Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro was born in Piura on August 12, 1889, to Antonio Sánchez and Rosa Cerro. He was the first Peruvian President to have Indigenous Peruvian ancestry as well as allegedly also being of Afro-Peruvian Malagasy descent based on a rumour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caretas
''Caretas'' (Masks) is a weekly newsmagazine published in Lima, Peru, renowned for its investigative journalism. History ''Caretas'' was founded in October 1950 by Doris Gibson and Francisco Igartua. In the mid-1950s, Gibson's son, Enrique Zileri, returned from Europe (from where he had been making contributions for the magazine) to join ''Caretas''. Not long after, Igartua departed from the magazine and Zileri joined Gibson as co-director. After several years of monthly publication, ''Caretas'' began to be published semi-monthly, and, since 1979, weekly. A new edition currently appears every Thursday. ''Caretas'' focuses on Peruvian-related topics, ranging from historic coups (it was founded during Odría's regime), corruption scandals, presidential elections, crimes of passion, sports, to wars and terrorism. Since the mid-1980s, ''Caretas'' has imitated ''Time'' magazine by naming a Man of the Year in the year-end issue of the magazine, called ''Premio a la Resistencia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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