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Gugiuman
The gugiuman is a type of high-crowned cap that was worn by Hospodars of Wallachia and Moldavia and highest ranked boyars of both principalities into the first half of the nineteenth century. Gugiumans were made of sable fur and were exclusively reserved for the two aforementioned groups of nobles. The color of the felt atop of the hat (white for the Prince and red for Great Boyars) indicated the wearer's social status. Following the adoption of the Regulamentul Organic in the early 1830s, ruling princes adopted new, Russian-inspired military uniforms but retained the use of the white-topped gugiuman. See also * List of hat styles * Işlic * Kalpak The calpack, kalpak, or qalpaq is a Turkic high-crowned cap (usually made of felt or sheepskin) worn by Turks, Bulgarians, Circassians, Dagestanis, Chechens, Ukrainians, Poles, Russians and throughout Central Asia and the Caucasus. The kalpak is ... References Caps Romanian clothing Greek clothing Clothing of the Ottoman Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigore Dimitrie Ghica IV
Grigore, the equivalent of Gregory, is a Romanian-language first name. It may refer to: *Grigore Alexandrescu (1810–1885), Romanian poet and translator *Grigore Antipa (1866–1944), Romanian Darwinist biologist, ichthyologist, ecologist, oceanologist * Grigore Băjenaru (1907–1986), Romanian writer * Grigore Bălan (1896–1944), Romanian Brigadier General during World War II * Grigore Vasiliu Birlic (1905–1970), Romanian actor * Grigore Brișcu (1984–1965), Romanian engineer and inventor *Grigore Cobălcescu (1831–1892), founder of Romanian geology and paleontology * Grigore Constantinescu (1875–1932), priest and journalist from Romania * Grigore Cugler (1903–1972), Romanian avant-garde short story writer, poet, and humorist *Grigore Eremei (b. 1935), Moldovan politician, final First secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia * Grigore Gafencu (1892–1957), Romanian politician, diplomat and journalist *Grigore Alexandru Ghica (1803 or 1807–1857), Prince of Molda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospodar
''Gospodar'' or ''hospodar'', also ''gospodin'' as a diminutive, is a term of Slavic origin, meaning "lord" or " master". The compound (, , , sh-Latn-Cyrl, gospodar, господар, ) is a derivative of ''gospod'' / ''gospodin'', , or when spelled with a capital G (''Gospod'' / ''Gospodin'') it translates as Lord for God. Etymology The etymology of the word can be traced back to the connotation of the Indo-European patron-client and guest-host relationship. Patron-client Rich patrons sponsored feasts as a way for them to promote and secure a political hierarchy built on the unequal mobilization of labor and resources, by displaying their generosity towards the rest of the community. Rivals competed publicly through the size and complexity of their feasts, and alliances were confirmed by gift-giving and promises made during those public gatherings. The host of the feast was called the *''ghosti-potis'', the 'lord of the guests', who honored the immortal gods and his mortal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ; : , : ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Dobruja could sometimes be considered a third section due to its proximity and brief rule over it. Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections. Wallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by Béla IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia was forced to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; this lasted until the 19th century. In 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldavia
Moldavia (, or ; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ) is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia () as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertsa region , Hertsa. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The Moldavia (region of Romania) , western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Moldova , Republic of Moldova, and the Chernivtsi Oblast , northern and Budjak , southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine. Name and etymology The original and short-lived reference to the region was ''Bogdania'', after Bogdan I, the founding figure of the principality. The name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyars Of Wallachia And Moldavia
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Comparable to Dukes/ Grand Dukes, Boyars were second only to the ruling princes, grand princes or tsars from the 10th to the 17th centuries. Etymology Also known as ''bolyar''; variants in other languages include or ; , , ; , ; and . The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors) in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018). The plural form of boila ("noble"), ''bolyare'' is attested in Bulgar inscriptions and rendered as ''boilades'' or ''boliades'' in the Greek of Byzantine documents. Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sable
The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and Hokkaido, Japan. The name "sable" originates from Slavic languages and entered Western European languages through the medieval fur trade. Sables are small, omnivorous mammals that inhabit dense forests in regions like Russia, Mongolia, and China. They are known for their luxurious fur, which ranges from light to dark brown and is softer and silkier than that of American martens. Sables resemble pine martens in size and appearance but have more elongated heads, longer ears, and shorter tails. They are skilled climbers and primarily hunt by sound and scent. Mating occurs between June and August, and litters typically have two or three offspring. Sable fur has been highly valued in the fur trade since the earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulamentul Organic
''Regulamentul Organic'' (, ; ; )The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual nature of the document; however, the singular version is usually preferred. The text was originally written in French, submitted to the approval of the State Council of Imperial Russia in Saint Petersburg, and then subject to debates in the Assemblies in Bucharest and Iași; the Romanian translation followed the adoption of the Regulamentul in its French-language version. (Djuvara, p. 323).Giurescu, p. 123.It is probable that the title was chosen over designation as "Constitution(s)" in order to avoid the revolutionary meaning implied by the latter (Hitchins, p. 203). was a quasi-constitutional organic law enforced in 1831–1832 by the Imperial Russian authorities in Moldavia and Wallachia (the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of the modern Romanian state). The document partially confirmed the traditional government, including rule b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Hat Styles
Hats have been common throughout the history of humanity, present on some of the very earliest preserved human bodies and art. Below is a list of various kinds of contemporary or traditional hat. List See also *List of headgear References External links * Lesa Collection - Cowboy & Western Hats {{DEFAULTSORT:Hat styles Clothing-related lists Hats, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Işlic
The işlic or ''ishlik'' is a form of high-crowned cap that was commonly worn by the Greek Orthodox boyars of Wallachia and Moldavia, Phanariots, and Armenians in the Ottoman Empire into the mid-nineteenth century. Along with the oriental costume that exemplified the fashion and strict social hierarchy of the boyar class, the işlic fell out of favor by the 1840s. History The origins of the işlic date to the late Byzantine Empire. The depiction of Theodore Metochites in the 14th century dedication mosaic of the Chora Church may portray an ishlik. It was an important part of the costume of Wallachian and Moldavian boyars, as the size, shape, and type of felt from which an işlic was made indicated one's rank in the social hierarchy of the Ottoman Danubian Principalities. For example, boyars of the highest rank (Great Boyars) wore large işlics made of sable felt. Boyars of lower ranks wore smaller işlics of less expensive felt, sometimes topped with large square cushions. The iş ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalpak
The calpack, kalpak, or qalpaq is a Turkic high-crowned cap (usually made of felt or sheepskin) worn by Turks, Bulgarians, Circassians, Dagestanis, Chechens, Ukrainians, Poles, Russians and throughout Central Asia and the Caucasus. The kalpak is used to keep the head warm in winter and shade out the sun during summer. There are different kalpaks for different seasons, with kalpaks used in winter being thicker and the ones used in summer being thinner but broader for shading purposes. There are many styles of kalpak. They usually can be folded flat for keeping or carrying when not being worn. The brim can be turned up all the way around. Sometimes there is a cut in the brim so that a two-pointed peak can be formed. Plain white ones are often reserved for festivals and special occasions. Those intended for everyday use may have a black velvet lining. In the Turkic cultures of central Asia, they have a sharp tapering to resemble a mountain, rather than the cyndrical kalpaks of Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caps
Caps are flat headgear. Caps or CAPS may also refer to: Science and technology Computing * CESG Assisted Products Service, provided by the U.K. Government Communications Headquarters * Composite Application Platform Suite, by Java Caps, a Java framework * Computer Animation Production System, a film animation post-production system developed by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Pixar Biology, medicine and psychology Genetics * Calcyphosin, the CAPS gene and its protein * Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, markers used to detect a polymorphic sequence Medical conditions * Auditory processing disorder (APD), formerly Central Auditory Processing Syndrome * Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome * Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, a spectrum of autoinflammatory syndrome Other uses in biology, medicine and psychology * CAPS (buffer), N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, in biochemistry, a buffering agent * Cognitive-affective personality system, a model within p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Clothing
Romanian traditional clothing refers to the folk costume, national costume worn by Romanians, who live primarily in Romania and Moldova, with smaller communities in Ukraine and Serbia. Today, the vast majority of Romanians wear modern-style dress on most occasions, and the garments described here largely fell out of use during the 20th century. However, they can still be seen in more remote areas, on special occasions, and at ethnographic and folk events. Each Historical regions of Romania, historical region has its own specific variety of costumes. Ethnographic regions Romanian traditional clothing can be classified according to seven traditional regions. These can be further subdivided by ethnographic zones, which may range between 40 and 120, depending on the criteria used. The seven main Historical regions of Romania, traditional regions are: * Transylvania or Ardeal * The western plains: Lower Mureș Plain, Criș Plain (Crișul Negru River, Crișul Negru, Crișul Alb River, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
