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Guernica
Guernica (, ), officially Gernika () in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo (), whose population is 16,224 . On April 26, 1937, Guernica was bombed by Nazi Germany's Condor Legion and Fascist Italy's Aviazione Legionaria, in one of the first aerial bombings. The attack inspired Pablo Picasso's painting '' Guernica'', depicting his outrage at the attack. Location The village is situated in the region of Busturialdea, in the valley of the Oka river. The river ends in an estuary that gives its name to the village of Guernika. Its mouth is known as the Urdaibai's estuary's heart. Gernika borders on the following townships: * North: Forua, Kortezubi and Arratzu * East: Ajangiz * South: Muxika * West: Errigoiti History 1366-1936 The town of Guernica was founded by Tello Alfonso, Lord of Biscay, on Apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombing Of Guernica
On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica (''Gernika'' in Basque) was aerially bombed during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria, under the code name Operation Rügen. The town was being used as a communications centre by Republican forces just behind the front line, and the raid was intended to destroy bridges and roads. The operation opened the way to Franco's capture of Bilbao and his victory in northern Spain. The attack gained controversy because it involved the bombing of civilians by a military air force. Seen as a war crime by some historians and argued as a legitimate attack by others, it was one of the first aerial bombings to capture global attention. Under the international laws regarding aerial warfare in 1937, Guernica was a legitimate military target. The number of victims is still disput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guernica (Picasso)
''Guernica'' is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.Richardson (2016)Picasso, Pablo. Guernica.' Museo Reina Sofía. ''(Retrieved 2017-09-07.)'' It is one of his best-known works, regarded by many art critics as the most moving and powerful anti-war painting in history. It is exhibited in the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid. The grey, black, and white painting, on a canvas tall and across, portrays the suffering wrought by violence and chaos. Prominently featured in the composition are a gored horse, a bull, screaming women, a dead baby, a dismembered soldier, and flames. Picasso painted ''Guernica'' at his home in Paris in response to the 26 April 1937 bombing of Guernica, a town in the Basque Country in northern Spain, by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Upon completion, ''Guernica'' was exhibited at the Spanish pavilion at the 1937 Paris International Exposition and then at other venues around the world. The touring exhibition was used to raise funds f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guernica (3820712635)
Guernica (, ), officially Gernika () in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo (), whose population is 16,224 . On April 26, 1937, Guernica was bombed by Nazi Germany's Condor Legion and Fascist Italy's Aviazione Legionaria, in one of the first aerial bombings. The attack inspired Pablo Picasso's painting ''Guernica'', depicting his outrage at the attack. Location The village is situated in the region of Busturialdea, in the valley of the Oka river. The river ends in an estuary that gives its name to the village of Guernika. Its mouth is known as the Urdaibai's estuary's heart. Gernika borders on the following townships: * North: Forua, Kortezubi and Arratzu * East: Ajangiz * South: Muxika * West: Errigoiti History 1366-1936 The town of Guernica was founded by Tello Alfonso, Lord of Biscay, on April 28, 136 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of Assemblage (art), constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the Proto-Cubism, proto-Cubist ''Les Demoiselles d'Avignon'' (1907) and the anti-war painting ''Guernica (Picasso), Guernica'' (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Beginning his formal training under his father José Ruiz y Blasco aged seven, Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condor Legion
The Condor Legion () was a unit of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany’s Wehrmacht which served with the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War. The legion developed methods of strategic bombing that were used widely during the Second World War. The bombing of Guernica was the Condor Legion's most infamous operation. Hugo Sperrle commanded the unit's aircraft formations, and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the ground element. Military aid to Spain After the 17 July 1936 military coup in Spain began the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalists requested support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The first request for German aircraft was made on 22 July, for 10 transport aircraft. Adolf Hitler decided to support the Nationalists on 25 or 26 July, but was wary of provoking a wider European war. The Reich Air Travel Ministry concluded that Nationalist forces would need at least 20 Junkers Ju 52s, flown by Luft Hansa pilots, to carry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urdaibai Estuary
The Urdaibai estuary is a natural region and a Biosphere Reserve of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. It is also referred as Mundaka or Gernika estuary. Urdaibai is located on the Bay of Biscay coast, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Urdaibai covers an area of with some 45,000 inhabitants, most of them concentrated in the towns of Bermeo and Gernika. The territory is characterized by a hydrographic basin of small streams that merge in a great salt marsh surrounded by high sheer cliffs. The surrounding countryside is occupied by meadowland, oak groves, leafy woods and specially by plantations of fast-growing conifers (Pinus radiata). The coastal landscape is covered with Cantabrian woods of Holm Oak and Strawberry Trees. In Urdaibai have been described 615 species of vascular plants and 318 species of vertebrates, 245 of which are birds. The area contains remnants of the Prehistoric, Roman and the Middle Ages. Particularly notable is the Santimamiñe cave, which has yie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oca River, Biscay
The Oca river (Basque: ''Oka'') is a river of the Cantabrian slope of the Iberian Peninsula that flows through the lands of Biscay, in the Basque Country (Spain). The Oca river basin is the main part of the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, a protected area designated as such by UNESCO in 1984. Its naturalistic richness, especially ornithological, was a fundamental basis for this designation and for its declaration as a Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA) in 1994 and its integration into the Natura 2000 Network. In 1992, it was included in the list of Wetlands of International Importance of the RAMSAR Convention by decision of the Council of Ministers. There are other rivers named in the same way; in Spain, there is the Oca river that runs through the province of Burgos and is a tributary of the Ebro. In Russia there is an Oká river that is a tributary of the Volga. Course It originates with the confluence in Zugastieta of several streams coming from the Goroño mountain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gernikako Arbola
''Gernikako Arbola'' ('the Tree of Gernika' in Basque) is an oak tree that symbolizes traditional freedoms for the Biscayan people, and by extension for the Basque people as a whole. It is located in Gernika, Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. The Lords of Biscay (including kings of Castile and Carlist pretenders to the throne) swore to respect the Biscayan liberties under it, and the modern Lehendakari of the Basque Country swears his charge there. Dynasty In the Middle Ages, representatives of the villages of Biscay would hold assemblies under local big trees. As time passed, the role of separate assemblies was superseded by the Guernica Assembly in 1512, and its oak would acquire a symbolic meaning, with actual assemblies being held in a purpose-built hermitage-house (the current building dates from 1833). It was the Spanish regent Maria Christina accompanied by her infant daughter Queen Isabella II the last Spanish monarch to swear an oath to the ''charters'' under t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajangiz
Ajangiz () is a town and municipality in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country. It is located in the Busturialdea comarca, and was part of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo between 1940 and 1991. Etymology ''Ajangiz'' is one of the Basque toponyms with an ''-iz'' suffix. Julio Caro Baroja argued that most of these toponyms come from the Latin suffix ''-icus''. According to Baroja, Ajangiz might come from a patronymic form of ''Allianus'', a documented Latin name, which would become ''Allianicus'' with the -icus suffix and ''Allianici'' when referring to the descendants of Allianus. The oldest reference to the town is ''Axanguiz'', which might have evolved from Allianici; ''Allianici'' → ''Axianici'' → ''Axanguici'' → ''Axanguiz''. History The Busturialdea region was heavily inhabited during the prehistory by groups of farmers and livestock farmers during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age (between 5500 and 2800 BC), proved by the archeological sites found across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strategic Bombing
Strategic bombing is a systematically organized and executed military attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability. It is a military strategy used in total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale, its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the Theater (warfare)#Theater of operations, theatres of military operations, or both. The term terror bombing is used to describe the strategic bombing of civilian targets without military value, in the hope of damaging an enemy's morale. One of the strategies of war is to demoralization (warfare), demoralize the enemy so that peace or surrender becomes preferable to continuing the conflict. Strategic bombing has been used to this end. The phrase "terror bombing" entered the English lexicon towards the end of World War II and many strategic bombing cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Busturialdea
Busturialdea, also named ''Busturialde - Urdaibai'' is a comarca of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. It is the heir of "Busturia", one of the original '' merindades'' that used to compose the province of Biscay – this should not be confused with Busturia, a municipality located in this region. Busturialdea is a diminished portion of the same original subregion and has two capital cities; Bermeo and Gernika-Lumo. It is one of the seven ''comarcas'' that compose the province of Biscay. History Busturia used to be one of the ''merindades'' of Biscay and included a larger territory than the current one of Busturialdea, as it reached the province of Gipuzkoa. Busturialdea was historically the core of Biscay: the capitals of the province, Bermeo and Gernika, were located in it; the village of Mundaka, also belonging to this region, had the privilege of speaking always first in the sessions of its parliament and for some time, the harbour of Bermeo was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
