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Group 14 Hydride
Group 14 hydrides are chemical compounds composed of hydrogen atoms and carbon group, group 14 atoms (the elements of group 14 are carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and flerovium). Tetrahydrides The tetrahydride series has the chemical formula , with X representing any of the carbon family. Methane is commonly the result of the decomposition of organic matter and is a greenhouse gas. The other hydrides are generally unstable, poisonous metal hydrides. They take on a pyramidal structure, and as such are not polar molecules like the other p-block hydrides. Unlike other light hydrides such as ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride, methane does not exhibit any anomalous effects attributed to hydrogen bonding, and so its properties conform well to the prevailing trend of heavier group 14 hydrides. Hexahydrides This series has the chemical formula . Ethane is commonly found alongside methane in natural gas. The other hydrides of the chemical formula are less stable than the cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances. In this process, bonds between atoms may be broken or new bonds formed or both. There are four major types of compounds, distinguished by how the constituent atoms are bonded together. Molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds; ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds; intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds; coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Non-stoichiometric compounds form a disputed marginal case. A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space-filling Model
In chemistry, a space-filling model, also known as a ''calotte model'', is a type of three-dimensional (3D) molecular model where the atoms are represented by spheres whose radii are proportional to the radii of the atoms and whose center-to-center distances are proportional to the distances between the atomic nuclei, all in the same scale. Atoms of different chemical elements are usually represented by spheres of different colors. Space-filling calotte models are also referred to as CPK models after the chemists Robert Corey, Linus Pauling, and Walter Koltun, who over a span of time developed the modeling concept into a useful form. They are distinguished from other 3D representations, such as the ball-and-stick and skeletal models, by the use of the "full size" space-filling spheres for the atoms. The models are tactile and manually rotatable. They are useful for visualizing the effective shape and relative dimensions of a molecule, and (because of the rotatability) the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plumbane
Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrachloride, PbCl, and tetraethyllead, (CHCH)Pb. History Until recently, it was uncertain whether plumbane had ever actually been synthesized, although the first reports date back to the 1920s and in 1963, Saalfeld and Svec reported the observation of by mass spectrometry. Plumbane has repeatedly been the subject of Dirac– Hartree–Fock relativistic calculation studies, which investigate the stabilities, geometries, and relative energies of hydrides of the formula MH or MH. Properties Plumbane is an unstable colorless gas and is the heaviest group IV hydride; and has a tetrahedral (T) structure with an equilibrium distance between lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stannane
Stannane or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sn H4. It is a colourless gas and the tin analogue of methane. Stannane can be prepared by the reaction of and . : Stannane decomposes slowly at room temperature to give metallic tin and hydrogen and ignites on contact with air. Variants of stannane can be found as a highly toxic, gaseous, inorganic metal hydrides and group 14 hydrides. See also * Organotin Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discove ... References {{Hydrides by group Tin(IV) compounds Metal hydrides Reducing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germane
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride. Occurrence Germane has been detected in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Synthesis Germane is typically prepared by reduction of germanium oxides, notably germanates, with hydride reagents such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride. The reaction with borohydrides is catalyzed by various acids and can be carried out in either aqueous or organic solvent. On laboratory scale, germane can be prepared by the reaction of Ge(IV) compounds with these hydride reagents. A typical synthesis involved the reaction of sodium germanate with potassium borohydride. :NaHGeO3 + KBH4 + H2O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silane
Silane (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid. Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silanes with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter. Production Commercial-scale routes Silane can be produced by several routes. Typically, it arises from the reaction of hydrogen chloride with magnesium silicide: : It is also prepared from metallurgical-grade silicon in a two-step process. First, silicon is treated with hydrogen chloride at about 300 °C to produce trichlorosilane, HSiCl3, along with hydrogen gas, according to the chemical equation : The trichlorosilane is then converted to a mixture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
