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Greenwood Cemetery (Waco)
Greenwood Cemetery is a cemetery in Waco, Texas. It was racially segregated for its entire history as a burial place, starting with its origins in the 1870s. It is one of the two oldest cemeteries in Waco along with Oakwood Cemetery. Because of the poverty of many people buried there, some of the graves were marked with wood or random objects rather than stone, or are unmarked. It contains a mass grave of 1918 influenza epidemic victims. Segregation Black burials in the cemetery are in a separate area from white burials. A quarter-mile-long fence once bisected the cemetery, separating the two areas. The City of Waco removed the fence in June 2016, though by then the cemetery was no longer used for burials because of its unclear land ownership and many unmarked graves. Transfer to city and restoration For much of Greenwood's history two separate volunteer organizations maintained the two sides of the cemetery. Until 2017 the People's Cemetery Association cared for the Black side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waco, Texas
Waco ( ) is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and Interstate 35, I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin, Texas, Austin. The city had a U.S. census estimated 2024 population of 146,608, making it the List of cities in Texas by population, 24th-most populous city in the state.Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2022, Population: April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023 (SUB-IP-EST2023-ANNRNK) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Release Date: May 2024 The Waco metropolitan area, Waco metropolitan statistical area consists of McLennan, Falls and Bosque counties, which had a 2020 population of 295,782. Bosque County was added to the Waco MSA in 2023. The 2024 U.S. census population estimate for the Waco metropolitan area was 307,123 residents. History 1824–1865 Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the river for thousands of years. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racial Segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of people into race (human classification), racial or other Ethnicity, ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races. Specifically, it may be applied to activities such as eating in restaurants, drinking from water fountains, using public toilets, attending schools, going to movie theaters, riding buses, renting or purchasing homes, renting hotel rooms, going to supermarkets, or attending places of worship. In addition, segregation often allows close contact between members of different racial or ethnic groups in social hierarchy, hierarchical situations, such as allowing a person of one race to work as a servant for a member of another race. Racial segregation has generally been outlawed worldwide. Segregation is defined by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance as "the act by w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oakwood Cemetery (Waco, Texas)
Oakwood Cemetery is a cemetery in Waco, Texas, in which three governors of Texas are buried. History Founded in 1878, to relieve crowded conditions at Waco's main, First Street Cemetery, the cemetery was built on the site of an abandoned horse racing track. Many interred remains from other early local graveyards were moved here because of the better maintenance of these grounds. Since 1898, the Oakwood Cemetery Association, a private group, has operated this tract, although the land remains the property of the city. The board of directors of the association consists of women only, as provided in the original by-laws. The cemetery is characterised by tree-lined streets, large monuments and angels. Notable burials * Charles Alderton (1857-1941), pharmacist and inventor of Dr. Pepper. Interred at Section B-1 Lot 425. * William Cowper Brann (1855–1898), Crusading journalist, and playwright. Editor of the ''Iconoclast''. * Rufus Columbus Burleson (1823–1901), President of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Flu
The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was March 1918 in Kansas, United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. Two years later, nearly a third of the global population, or an estimated 500 million people, had been infected. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it the deadliest pandemic in history. The pandemic broke out near the end of World War I, when wartime censors in the belligerent countries suppressed bad news to maintain morale, but newspapers freely reported the outbreak in neutral Spain, creating a false impression of Spain as the epicenter and leading to the "Spanish flu" misnomer. Limited historical epidemiological data make the pandemic' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African-American
African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. African Americans constitute the second largest ethno-racial group in the U.S. after White Americans. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States. In 2023, an estimated 48.3 million people self-identified as Black, making up 14.4% of the country’s population. This marks a 33% increase since 2000, when there were 36.2 million Black people living in the U.S. African-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Western Hemisphere. They were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. A few were able to achieve freedom through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Americans
White Americans (sometimes also called Caucasian Americans) are Americans who identify as white people. In a more official sense, the United States Census Bureau, which collects demographic data on Americans, defines "white" as "[a] person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". This group constitutes the majority of the people in the United States, although their proportion of the overall population has been White demographic decline, gradually declining. As of the latest American Community Survey in 2023, the US Census Bureau estimates that 60.5% of the US population, or 202,651,650 people, are White alone, while Non-Hispanic whites, Non-Hispanic Whites make up 57.1% of the population. Overall, 72.3% of Americans identify as White alone or in combination. European Americans are by far the largest panethnic group of white Americans and have constituted the majority population of the United States since the nation's founding. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bill Minutaglio
Bill Minutaglio ( William Donald Minutaglio; born 1955) is a journalist, educator and author of nine books. He is the recipient of a PEN Center USA Literary Award and has served as a professor at The University of Texas at Austin, where he was given The Regents' Outstanding Teaching Award. Career His book ''Dallas 1963'' (co-written with Steven L. Davis) won the PEN award and was named among the best books of the year by '' The Washington Post's'' "The Fix,"'' The New Republic'', ''Kirkus Reviews'', ''The Seattle Times'', ''The Kansas City Star'', ''The Oklahoman'' and other places. ''The Daily Beast'' said his book ''Dallas 1963'' (co-written with Steven L. Davis) was one of the five most important books written about the death of President John F. Kennedy, along with works by Norman Mailer, Don DeLillo and others. His book ''The Most Dangerous Man in America: Timothy Leary, Richard Nixon and the Hunt for the Fugitive King of LSD'' (co-written with Steven L. Davis) was named a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different ethnic background. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vivienne Malone-Mayes
Vivienne Lucille Malone-Mayes ( Malone; February 10, 1932 – June 9, 1995) was an American mathematician and professor. Malone-Mayes studied properties of functions, as well as methods of teaching mathematics.Vivienne Malone-Mayes Papers #2072, The Texas Collection. She was the fifth African-American woman to gain a PhD in mathematics in the United States, and the first African-American member of the faculty of . Early life and ed ...
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Andy Cooper
Andrew Lewis Cooper (April 24, 1898 – June 3, 1941), nicknamed "Lefty", was an American left-handed pitcher in baseball's Negro league baseball, Negro leagues. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 2006. An alumnus of Paul Quinn College, Cooper played nine seasons for the Detroit Stars and ten seasons for the Kansas City Monarchs, and briefly played for the Chicago American Giants. The Texan was tall and weighed . In defiance of a threatened five-year Negro league ban for contract jumping, Cooper joined a 1927 barnstorm (sports), barnstorming team that toured Hawaii and Japan. He spent most of his later career with the Monarchs. Cooper is the Negro league record holder for career save (baseball), saves. In a 1937 playoff game, he pitched 17 innings. Cooper served as manager or player-manager for the Monarchs from 1937 to 1940, leading the team to the pennant three times during those four seasons. Early life Cooper was born in Wac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Bledsoe
Julius Lorenzo Cobb Bledsoe (December 29, 1897 – July 14, 1943) by John Troesser. Retrieved 2013-07-14. was an American baritone, a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance, the first major Black opera singer in the United States, and one of the first Black artists to gain regular employment on Broadway (theatre), Broadway. Early life and education Jules Bledsoe was born Julius Lorenzo Cobb Bledsoe in Waco, Texas in 1897 or 1898, the only child of Henry L. and Jessie Cobb Bledsoe.Jules Bledsoe Papers[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Lloyd Smith
Robert Lloyd Smith (January 8, 1861 – July 10, 1942) was an educator, businessman, and Republican politician who served two terms in the Texas Legislature. Born a free black in Charleston, South Carolina in 1861, he moved to Texas about 1880. He served as principal of the Oakland Normal School in Colorado County in 1885. In 1890 he founded the Farmer's Home Improvement Society, a farmer's cooperative association whose purpose was to help poor blacks lift themselves out of poverty. He was first elected to the legislature in 1895 and served until 1899. He was the last African-American to serve in the Texas State Legislature until Barbara Jordan's election in the 1960s. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1896. In 1902, he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt as Deputy U.S. Marshal for the Eastern District of Texas. He was an associate of Booker T. Washington and also served as a trustee of the Jeanes Foundation. He was married to Ruby Cobb and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
