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Great Synagogue (Oświęcim)
The Great Synagogue () was a former Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located in Oświęcim (), in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Designed by Carl Korn and completed in 1873, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazi Germany, Nazis in November 1939. History Old synagogue The first mention of a Jewish congregation in Oświęcim dates from 1588, when the congregation was probably established. Archival documents suggest that a Burgher (social class), townsman from Oświęcim, Jan Piotraszewski, gave or sold his land to the local Jewish community so that they could build their temple and Jewish cemetery, cemetery. The first building was likely a wooden synagogue, that was probably destroyed during the Deluge (history), Swedish deluge. Over the centuries the building was twice destroyed by fire. The first time was on July 6, 1711. After this fire, a stone temple was constru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Torah, Written and Oral Torah, Oral, as literally revelation, revealed by God in Judaism, God on Mount Sinai (Bible), Mount Sinai and faithfully transmitted ever since. Orthodox Judaism therefore advocates a strict observance of Jewish Law, or ''halakha'', which is to be Posek, interpreted and determined only according to traditional methods and in adherence to the continuum of received precedent through the ages. It regards the entire ''halakhic'' system as ultimately grounded in immutable revelation, essentially beyond external and historical influence. More than any theoretical issue, obeying the Kosher, dietary, Tumah and taharah, purity, ethical and other laws of ''halakha'' is the hallmark of Orthodoxy. Practicing members are easily distinguishable by their lifestyle, refraining from doing 39 Melakhot, numerous rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deluge (history)
The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, comprising the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the Swedish Deluge (, Lithuanian: š''vedų tvanas'', ), or less commonly the Russo–Swedish Deluge () due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" (''potop'' in Polish) was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel '' The Deluge'' (1886). During the wars the Commonwealth lost approximately one third of its population as well as its status as a great power due to invasions by Sweden and Russia. According to Professor Andrzej Rottermund, manager of the Roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oświęcim Castle
Oświęcim (; ; ; ) is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, situated southeast of Katowice, near the confluence of the Vistula (''Wisła'') and Soła rivers. Oświęcim dates back to the 12th century, when it was an important castellan seat. From 1315 to 1457 it was the seat of a local line of the Piast dynasty, and from 1564 to 1772 it was a royal city of the Kingdom of Poland, with the Ducal and Royal Castle and several medieval Gothic churches among the city's landmarks. Located on the east-west trade route, it was an important hub for trade, especially in salt from Wieliczka. In the interwar period, Oświęcim was a garrison town for the Polish Army, and during the German occupation of Poland in World War II, the former barracks were expanded to host the infamous German Nazi Auschwitz concentration camp (also known as KL or KZ Auschwitz Birkenau), now the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Oświęcim is a railroad junct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Routes
A trade route is a Logistics, logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo. The term can also be used to refer to trade over land or water. Allowing Good (economics and accounting), goods to reach distant Market (economics), markets, a single trade route contains long-distance Arterial road, arteries, which may further be connected to smaller networks of commercial and noncommercial transportation routes. Among notable trade routes was the Amber Road, which served as a dependable network for long-distance trade. Maritime trade along the Spice trade, Spice Route became prominent during the Middle Ages, when nations resorted to military means for control of this influential route. During the Middle Ages, organizations such as the Hanseatic League, aimed at protecting interests of the merchants and trade became increasingly prominent. In modern history, modern times, commercial activity shifted from the major trade ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Great Synagogue Memorial Park In Oświęcim
The Great Synagogue Memorial Park is a memorial park devoted to the The Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, Poland. The Synagogue was destroyed at the beginning of the Second World War. Location The park is located at Berka Joselewicza Street in Oświęcim, close to the Market Square, by the Soła river. History In 1939, the Great Synagogue in Oświęcim − the largest Jewish temple in the city − was set on fire and demolished by the Nazi Germany, Nazi occupiers on the night of November 29th/30th 1939. After the war, the temple was not rebuilt. The place where the synagogue stood was left empty as a testimony to the events of the war. Over the years, trees and shrubs have taken over the empty area previously occupied by the synagogue. Eighty years after the destruction of the Synagogue, the inhabitants of Oświęcim decided to create a park of commemoration and reflection in this area. The project was initiated by the Auschwitz Jewish Center in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Park Pamięci Wielkiej Synagogi W Oświęcimiu - Widok Z Lotu Ptaka 01
A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are green spaces set aside for recreation inside towns and cities. National parks and country parks are green spaces used for recreation in the countryside. State parks and provincial parks are administered by sub-national government states and agencies. Parks may consist of grassy areas, rocks, soil and trees, but may also contain buildings and other artifacts such as monuments, fountains or playground structures. Many parks have fields for playing sports such as baseball and football, and paved areas for games such as basketball. Many parks have trails for walking, biking and other activities. Some parks are built adjacent to bodies of water or watercourses and may comprise a beach or boat dock area. Urban parks often have benches for sitting and may contain picnic tables and barbecue grills. The largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auschwitz Jewish Center In Oświęcim
The Auschwitz Jewish Center is a non-governmental organization whose mission is to preserve the memory of the Jewish community of the city of Oświęcim and educate about the dangers of anti-Semitism, racism and other prejudices and intolerance. The Center runs the Jewish Museum in Oświęcim highlighting the history of the local Jewish community, looks after the only preserved synagogue in the city, the Oświęcim Synagogue, ''Khevre Loymdei Mishnayos'' Synagogue, and the home of the last Jewish resident of Oświęcim, Shimson Kleuger, which now incorporates a café along with exhibition and educational space. The Auschwitz Jewish Center makes the Jewish cemetery in Oświęcim, owned by the Jewish community in Bielsko-Biała, available to visitors. History In 1995, the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation was established in New York City, New York with the aim of creating a Jewish cultural and educational center in Oświęcim. A year later, a sister organization, Fundacja Eduk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torah Ark
A Torah ark (also known as the ''hekhal'', , or ''aron qodesh'', ) is an ornamental chamber in the synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls. History The ark is also known as the ''ark of law'', or in Hebrew the ''Aron Kodesh'' () or ''aron ha-Kodesh'' ('holy ark') in Ashkenazi communities and as the '' Hekhal'' ('sanctuary') among Sefardi communities. The name ''Aron Kodesh'' is a reference to the Ark of the Covenant, which was stored in the Holy of Holies in the inner sanctuaries of both the ancient Tabernacle and the Temple in Jerusalem. Similarly, ''Hekhál'' ( 'palace'; also written ''hechal'', ''echal'', ''heichal'' or ''Echal Kodesh''—mainly among Balkan Sephardim) was used in the same time period to refer to the inner sanctuary. The ''hekhal'' contained the Menorah, Altar of Incense and Table of the Showbread. Customs and location In some ancient synagogues, such as the fifth-century synagogue in Susya, the Torah scroll was not placed inside the synagogue at all, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanctuary Lamp
Chancel lamp in the Rotunda of Mosta, Sanctuary Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady, Malta A sanctuary lamp, chancel lamp, altar lamp, everlasting light, or eternal flame is a light that shines before the altar of sanctuaries in many Jewish and Christian places of worship. Prescribed in Exodus 27:20-21 of the Torah, this icon has taken on different meanings in each of the religions that have adopted it. The passage, which refers to prescriptions for the tabernacle, states: In Jewish tradition In Judaism, the sanctuary lamp is known as a ''Ner Tamid'' (Hebrew, “eternal flame” or “eternal light”), Hanging or standing in front of the ark in every Jewish synagogue, it is meant to represent the menorah of the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as the perpetual fire kept on the altar of burnt offerings before the Temple. It also symbolizes God's eternal presence, and is thus never extinguished, and to draw parallels between God and fire or light as emphasized throughout Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oświęcim Treasure
The Oświęcim Treasure is an archaeological discovery of about 400 items from the Great Synagogue (Oświęcim), Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, discovered in 2004 by a team of archaeologists led by Dr. Małgorzata Grupa from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The genesis of the discovery From May 28 to June 29, 2004, on the site where the Great Synagogue in Oświęcim stood until 1939, archaeological excavations were carried out under the supervision of Dr. Małgorzata Grupa from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The excavations were organized due to confirmed reports that, upon the news of the outbreak of World War II, historic items were hidden in the synagogue. They were: the account of Yishayahu Yarot, a former resident of Oświęcim, who survived the The Holocaust, Holocaust, who described the history of hiding the objects and the story of Leon Schönker, who headed the local Jewish community in the first day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological Excavations
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. An excavation site or "dig" is the area being studied. These locations range from one to several areas at a time during a project and can be conducted over a few weeks to several years. Excavation involves the recovery of several types of data from a site. This data includes artifacts (portable objects made or modified by humans), features (non-portable modifications to the site itself such as post molds, burials, and hearths), ecofacts (evidence of human activity through organic remains such as animal bones, pollen, or charcoal), and archaeological context (relationships among the other types of data).Kelly&Thomas (2011). ''Archaeology: down to earth'' (4th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Before excavating, the presence or absence of archaeological remains can often be suggested by, non-intrusive remote sensing, such as ground-penetrating radar. Basic informat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
