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Great Hanging At Old Moshi
The Great Hanging at Old Moshi also known as Great Chagga conspiracy and the hangings of 1900 (''Unyongaji wa viongozi wa jadi pale Old Moshi mwaka 1900'', in Swahili) was a mass execution that took place on March 2, 1900, during the German colonial occupation of Tanzania, 19 suspected Chagga, Arusha, and Meru leaders were publicly hanged and shot in Old Moshi for alleged conspiracy by German Captain Kurt Johannes. Some prominent leaders that were executed were Mangi Ngalami of Siha, Mangi Molelia of Kibosho, Mangi Lobulu of Meru, Mangi Lebanga of Arusha, Rawaito of Arusha, Marai of Arusha, and Mangi Meli of Moshi, Mchili Thomas Kitimbo Kirenga and Mchili Sindato Kiutesha Kiwelu. The mass execution is considered one of the tragic events in Chagga history. Background The event began as a series of rumors. Captain Johannes of the German Military stationed at the Moshi Boma warned the Kibosho Mission of a conspiracy involving the Warusha people of Arusha Juu (modern Arusha) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; ) was a German colonial empire, German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Portuguese Mozambique, Mozambique. GEA's area was , which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time. The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with German Empire, Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a League of Nations mandate, mandate of the League of Nations. History Like other colonial powers, the Germans expanded their empire in the Africa Great Lakes region, ostensibly to explore the region's rich resources and its people. Unlike other imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machame
Machame or Kingdom of Machame (''Isarile ya Mashame'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Ufalme wa Machame'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga states, Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Historically, the Machame kingdom was in 1889 referred by Hans Meyer (geographer), Hans Meyer as a great African giant, the kingdom was also the largest and most populous of all the Chagga sovereign states on Mount Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro, whose most powerful ruler ''Mangi'' Rengua as early as 1849 was reckoned as a giant African king with influence extending throughout all Chaga people, Chagga states except Rombo. Overview The Machame Kingdom, located within the Kikafu River basin on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, is a historically significant region characterized by its rich cultural heritage and agricultural fertility. This kingdom is distinguished by its unique traditions, customs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Moshi
The Battle of Moshi (12 August 1892) was fought in what is now modern day city of Moshi in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The battle was between German Empire led by Von Burlow, and the Moshi kingdom led by Mangi Meli. Background Von Bulow's first mission against Moshi in June 1892 encountered an ambush and came dangerously close to being wiped out. After losing both of its German officers, the remaining Askaris panicked and fled to Marealle's Marangu. There was no German presence on Mount Kilimanjaro for nearly two months while waiting for another team to be dispatched. By sending his own men into the abandoned German garrison with orders to fire off their guns periodically and give the impression that it was still manned by regular forces, Marealle prevented the destruction of his capital. Additionally, he propagated rumors claiming that a new white commandant had already arrived. This ruse seems to have fooled Meli since she refrained from attacking. On July 31, 1892, Col. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagga States
The Chagga States or Chagga Kingdoms also historically referred to as the Chaggaland (''Uchaggani'', in Swahili language, Swahili) were a pre-colonial series of Bantu peoples, Bantu Sovereign state, sovereign states of the Chagga people on Mount Kilimanjaro in modern-day northern Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The Chagga kingdoms existed as far back as the 17th century according to oral tradition, a lot of recorded history of the Chagga states was written with the arrival and Colonisation of Africa, colonial occupation of Europeans in the mid to late 19th century. On the mountain, many minor dialects of one language are divided into three main groupings that are defined geographically from west to east: West Kilimanjaro, East Kilimanjaro, and Rombo. One word they all have in common is ''Mangi'', meaning king in Kichagga. The British called them chiefs as they were deemed subjects to the British crown, thereby rendered unequal. After the conquest, substantial social disruption, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paternalistic
Paternalism is action that limits a person's or group's liberty or autonomy against their will and is intended to promote their own good. It has been defended in a variety of contexts as a means of protecting individuals from significant harm, supporting long-term autonomy, or promoting moral or psychological well-being. Such justifications are commonly found in public health policy, legal theory, medical ethics, and behavioral economics, where limited intervention is viewed as compatible with or even supportive of personal agency. Some, such as John Stuart Mill, think paternalism can be appropriate towards children, saying: Paternalism towards adults is sometimes characterized as treating them as if they were children. Some critics argue that such interventions can infringe upon autonomy and reflect insufficient respect for an individual’s capacity for self-determination. The terms 'paternalism,' 'paternalistic,' and 'paternalist' are sometimes used pejoratively, particula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatalism
Fatalism is a belief and philosophical doctrine which considers the entire universe as a deterministic system and stresses the subjugation of all events, actions, and behaviors to fate or destiny, which is commonly associated with the consequent attitude of resignation in the face of future events which are thought to be inevitable and outside of human control. Definition The term "fatalism" can refer to any of the following ideas: * Broadly, any view according to which human beings are powerless to do anything other than what they actually do. Included in this is the belief that all events are decided by fate and are outside human control, hence humans have no power to influence the future or indeed the outcome of their own thoughts and actions. More specifically: * Theological fatalism, according to which free will is incompatible with the existence of an omniscient God who has foreknowledge of all future events. This is very similar to theological determinism. * Logic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporal Punishment
A corporal punishment or a physical punishment is a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain to a person. When it is inflicted on Minor (law), minors, especially in home and school settings, its methods may include spanking or Paddle (spanking), paddling. When it is inflicted on adults, it may be inflicted on prisoners and slaves, and can involve methods such as whipping with a Belt (clothing), belt or a whip, horsewhip. Physical punishments for crimes or injuries, including floggings, Human branding, brandings and even mutilations, were practised in most civilizations since ancient times. They have increasingly been viewed as inhumane since the development of humanitarianism ideals after the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment, especially in the Western world. By the late 20th century, corporal punishment was eliminated from the legal systems of most developed countries. The legality of corporal punishment in various settings differs by jurisdiction. International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Execution
A public execution is a form of capital punishment which "members of the general public may voluntarily attend." This definition excludes the presence of only a small number of witnesses called upon to assure executive accountability. The purpose of such displays has historically been to deter individuals from defying laws or authorities. Attendance at such events was historically encouraged and sometimes even mandatory. Most countries have abolished the death penalty entirely, either in law or in practice. While today most countries regard public executions with distaste, they have been practiced at some point in history nearly everywhere. At many points in the past, public executions were preferred to executions behind closed doors because of their capacity for deterrence. However, the actual efficacy of this form of terror is disputed. They also allowed the convicted the opportunity to make a final speech, gave the state the chance to display its power in front of those who fel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plate With Names Of Fallen, Moshi
Plate may refer to: Cooking * Plate (dishware), broad, mainly flat vessel commonly used to serve food * Plates, tableware, dishes or dishware used for setting a table, serving food and dining * Plate, the content of such a plate (for example: rice plate) * Plate, to present food, on a plate * Plate, forequarter cut of beef Places * Plate, Germany, municipality in Parchim, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany * Plate, borough of Lüchow, Lower Saxony, Germany * River Plate (other) * Tourelle de la Plate, lighthouse in France Science and technology Biology and medicine * Plate (anatomy), several meanings * Dental plate, also known as dentures * Dynamic compression plate, metallic plate used in orthopedics to fix bone * Microtiter plate (or microplate or microwell plate), flat plate with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes * Orthopedic plate, internal fixation used in orthopaedic surgery * Petri dish or Petri plate, shallow dish on which biological cultures may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree With Fallen, Moshi
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated Plant stem, stem, or trunk (botany), trunk, usually supporting Branch, branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only Bark (botany), woody plants with secondary growth, only plants that are usable as lumber, or only plants above a specified height. But wider definitions include taller Arecaceae, palms, Cyatheales, tree ferns, Musa (genus), bananas, and bamboos. Trees are not a Monophyletic group, monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that Convergent evolution, have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some trees reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 400 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyewitness Testimony
Eyewitness testimony is the account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, describing what that person observed that occurred during the specific incident under investigation. Ideally this recollection of events is detailed; however, this is not always the case. This recollection is used as evidence to show what happened from a witness' point of view. Memory recall has been considered a credible source in the past, but has recently come under attack as forensics can now support psychologists in their claim that memories and individual perceptions can be unreliable, manipulated, and biased. As a result of this, many countries, and states within the United States, are now attempting to make changes in how eyewitness testimony is presented in court. Eyewitness testimony is a specialized focus within cognitive psychology. Reliability Psychologists have probed the reliability of eyewitness testimony since the beginning of the 20th century. One prominent pioneer was Hugo Münsterb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kibosho
Kibosho or Kingdom of Kibosho also sometimes referred to as Old Kibosho (''Isarile la Kibosho'' in Kikibosho), (''Ufalme wa Kibosho'' in Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga state located in modern-day Kibosho ward in Moshi Rural District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Kibosho was situated on Mount Kilimanjaro to the west of the Karanga River. The word ''Mangi'' means king in the Chagga languages. Kibosho country's inhabitants spoke Kikibosho, one of seven dialects of the Chagga language groups' West Kilimanjaro language. Overview All of Kibosho Kingdom was situated in the Karanga river basin, which is situated between the Rau and Weru rivers. This area was the first to be inhabited and has long been the kingdom's main core. The oldest clans and important settlements, Kirima Chini and Kirima Juu, which became well-known outside of Kilimanjaro in the early 19th century, are located in this hilly region, which is typified by at least thirteen rivers, including the Umb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
