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Graphium Policenes
''Graphium policenes'', the common swordtail or small striped swordtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in tropical Africa.''Graphium''
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The is 55–60 mm in males and 60–65 mm in females. The species has continuous broods during warmer months. The e feed on '' Uvaria caffra'', ''

Ghana
Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in Ghana–Ivory Coast border, the west, Burkina Faso in Burkina Faso–Ghana border, the north, and Togo in Ghana–Togo border, the east.Jackson, John G. (2001) ''Introduction to African Civilizations'', Citadel Press, p. 201, . Ghana covers an area of , spanning diverse biomes that range from coastal savannas to tropical rainforests. With nearly 31 million inhabitants (according to 2021 census), Ghana is the List of African countries by population, second-most populous country in West Africa, after Nigeria. The capital and List of cities in Ghana, largest city is Accra; other major cities are Kumasi, Tamale, Ghana, Tamale, and Sekondi-Takoradi. The first permanent state in present-day Ghana was the Bono state of the 11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuri ...
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Annona Senegalensis
''Annona senegalensis'', commonly known as African custard-apple, wild custard apple, wild soursop, ( Mandinka language), and ( Wolof language) is a species of flowering plant in the custard apple family, Annonaceae. The specific epithet, ''senegalensis'', translates to mean "of Senegal", the country where the type specimen was collected. A traditional food plant in Africa, the fruits of ''A. senegalensis'' have the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable land care. Well known where it grows naturally, it is largely unheard of elsewhere. Description ''Annona senegalensis'' takes the form of either a shrub or small tree, growing between two and six meters tall. Occasionally, it may become as tall as 11 m. *It has bark of smooth or coarse texture, that can be a gray-silver or gray-brown. It is leaf-scarred, with nearly round flaking, showing lighter-hued spaces of under bark. * Branches have thick, gray, brown ...
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Butterflies Of Africa
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried ...
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Graphium (butterfly)
''Graphium'' is a genus of mostly tropical swallowtail butterflies commonly known as swordtails, kite swallowtails, or ladies. Native to Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania, the genus is represented by over 100 species. Their colouration is as variable as the habitats they frequent; from rainforest to savannah. Some possess tails which may be long and swordlike, while others lack any hindwing extensions. ''Graphium'' species are often sighted at mud puddles. The more colourful species are popular with collectors and are commonly seen mounted in frames for sale. Well-known species include the tailed jay (''Graphium agamemnon''), common bluebottle (''G. sarpedon''), and the purple-spotted swallowtail (''G. weiskei''). One species, '' G. idaeoides'', is notable for being a perfect mimic of the danainid '' Idea leuconoe''. Larvae feed variously on Annonaceae (most commonly), Magnoliaceae (commonly), Lauraceae (commonly), Rutaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Bombacaceae, Piperaceae, Anacardiacea ...
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Graphium Colonna
''Graphium colonna'', the black swordtail or mamba swordtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Southwest Ethiopia, Southern Somalia, Uganda, Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Mozambique, Eastern Zimbabwe Zululand, Eswatini).''Graphium''
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Description

The wingspan is 55–60 mm in males and 60–65 mm in females. The markings of the upper surface green, only two transverse streaks of the hindwing in cellules 1 c and 2 red; ...
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Graphium Junodi
''Graphium junodi'', the Junod's swordtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique and along the eastern border of Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of warm forests. Description Very nearly allied to ''Graphium polistratus'' and only differing from it in that the markings of the upper surface are greenish white, the basal spot of cellule 2 of the hindwing is large also beneath, the submarginal spots on the upperside of the hindwing and in cellules lb to 5 of the forewing are very small or absent; of the discal spots of the hindwing those of cellules 2 and 3 are completely absent, those of cellules 4 and 5 are small and the one in cellule 6 is rather large, rounded posteriorly. Delagoa Bay. Biology Adults are on wing from July to September and from January to April. Taxonomy ''Graphium junodi'' is a member of the ''antheus'' - clade ''Graphium antheus'', ''Graphium colonna'', ''G ...
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Graphium Polistratus
''Graphium polistratus'', the dancing swordtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the coast of Kenya, Tanzania, northern Malawi and Mozambique. Its habitat consists of warm and coastal forests. Description The last three transverse bars in the cell of the forewing somewhat curved.Hindwing above without red spot in cellule 1 c; the discal spots 2 to 5 of the hindwing above are entirely absent; the apex of the cell of the hindwing beneath without red spot; the discal spot in cellule 6 of the hindwing narrow, streak-like; the large light basal spot in cellule 2 of the hindwing is entirely absent on the under surface or is only indicated; the markings of the upper surface light green. Portuguese to British East Africa. — ''richelmanni'' Weym. only differs in having the discal spots in cellules 4 and 5 of the hindwing present. German East Africa. Biology Adult males mud-puddle. Both sexes feed fr ...
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Graphium Porthaon
''Graphium porthaon'', the coastal swordtail, cream-striped swordtail or dark swordtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae, found in tropical western Africa.''Graphium''
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The is 55–60 mm in males and 60–65 mm in females. The species has continuous broods during warmer months. The e feed on ''

Graphium Biokoensis
''Graphium biokoensis'', the Gauthier's striped swordtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in eastern Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi. Its habitat consists of forests. ''Graphium''
Site of Markku Savela
It closely resembles '' Graphium liponesco'' but is slightly larger and the light grey scales at base of space 2 are absent.Larsen, Torben B., 2005 ''Butterflies of West Africa''. Apollo Books Stenstrup, Denmark


Taxonomy

It is a member of the ''



Graphium Liponesco
''Graphium liponesco'', the long-tailed striped swordtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and western Nigeria. Its habitat consists of wet and moist forests in good condition. It is very similar to ''Graphium policenoides'' and ''Graphium policenes'' Larsen, T.B. , 1994 ''Graphium policenes'' (Cramer, 1775), ''Graphium policenoides'' (Holland, 1892), and ''Graphium liponesco'' (Suffert, 1904) three closely related taxa (Lepidoptera; Papilionidae) ''Lambillionea''. Juin; 942: 148-156 (Tome I) Taxonomy It is a member of the ''Graphium policenes''-clade (policenes, ''Graphium liponesco'', ''Graphium biokoensis'', ''Graphium policenoides ''Graphium policenoides'' is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its habitat consists of wet forests in good condition. It is ...'', '' Graphium porthaon' ...
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Graphium Policenoides
''Graphium policenoides'' is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its habitat consists of wet forests in good condition. It is very similar to ''Graphium policenes'' and '' Graphium liponesco'' Taxonomy It is a member of the ''Graphium policenes''-clade (policenes, '' Graphium liponesco'', '' Graphium biokoensis'', ''Graphium policenoides'', '' Graphium porthaon''.) Aurivillius in Seitz places ''nigrescens'' (policenoides), '' policenes'','' sisenna'' (''polistratus''), '' polistratus'', '' junodi'', ''porthaon In Greek mythology, Porthaon (Ancient Greek: Πορθάων, genitive Πορθάονος), sometimes referred to as Parthaon or Portheus (seems related to the verb ''portheō'' and ''perthō'', "destroy'), was a king of Calydon and son of Agenor o ...'' and '' collona'' in the Policenes Group Subgroup 2 circumscribed Hindwing with a long, narrow tail ...
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Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Di Milano
The Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano (Milan Natural History Museum) is a museum in Milan, Italy. It was founded in 1838 when naturalist Giuseppe de Cristoforis donated his collections to the city. Its first director was Giorgio Jan. The Museum is located within a 19th-century building in the Indro Montanelli Garden, near the historic city gate of Porta Venezia. The structure was built between 1888 and 1893 in Neo-Romanesque style with Gothic elements. The museum is divided into five different permanent sections: Mineralogy (with a large collection of minerals from all over the world); Paleontology (with several fossils of dinosaurs and other prehistoric organisms); Natural History of Man (dedicated to the origins and evolution of humans with a particular attention to the relationship of the latter with the environment); Invertebrate Zoology (dedicated to mollusks, arthropods and entomology); and Vertebrate Zoology (dedicated to vertebrates, both exotic and Euro ...
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