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Gran Turismo 3
''Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec'' is a 2001 sim racing video game developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It is the third installment in the ''Gran Turismo'' series. During its demonstration at E3 2000 and E3 2001, the game was known under the working title ''Gran Turismo 2000''. It is the bestselling PlayStation exclusive ever made. With previous titles being developed for the original PlayStation, ''Gran Turismo 3'' marked the series' first foray into the sixth generation of video game consoles. Originally slated for a 2000 release as a launch title for the PlayStation 2, the game's development primarily focused on taking advantage of the console's newfound hardware capabilities. While compromising on the number of available vehicles (180, as opposed to 650 in '' Gran Turismo 2''), the game was a significant leap forward in terms of graphics, physics, sound design, car modelling, opponent AI, environments and technical perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruf RGT
The Ruf RGT is a sports car made by Ruf Automobile of Germany. __TOC__ First generation (2000–2004) The first-generation Ruf RGT was introduced in 2000 using an engine and chassis based on the Porsche 996. The original 3.6L version could accelerate from 0- in 4.6 seconds, with a top speed of . Second generation (2005–2011) When the Porsche 997 debuted, Ruf bored out the 3.6 L engine to , modified the exhaust and catalytic converters, and replaced the Engine Control Unit, ECU and air filter. The new power output was , reducing the 0- time from 4.6 to 4.2 seconds (or even 4.1, according to some sources), and increasing top speed by 7 mph to . Ruf also added a performance suspension system, using Bilstein Shock Absorbers, Bilstein components, as well as high-performance Brembo disc brakes, measuring in front and in the rear. The car's appearance is also changed, using a bodykit that includes a polyurethane front air dam and carbon fibre doors, mirrors, engine l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca
Laguna Seca Raceway (branded as WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, and previously Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca for sponsorship reasons) is a paved road racing track in central California used for both auto racing and motorcycle racing, built in 1957 near both Salinas and Monterey, California, United States. The racetrack is long, with a elevation change. Its eleven turns are highlighted by the circuit's signature turn, the downhill-plunging "Corkscrew" at Turns 8 and 8A. A variety of racing, exhibition, and entertainment events are held at the raceway, ranging from superkarts to sports car racing to music festivals. Laguna Seca is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit. The name Laguna Seca is Spanish for ''dry lake'': the area where the track now lies was once a lake, and the course was built around the dry lake bed. After the course was reconfigured, two artificial ponds were added. History The earliest development of the local area occurred in 1867 with the founding o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
McLaren MP4/5
The McLaren MP4/5, and its derived sister model, the MP4/5B, were highly successful Formula One racing cars designed by the McLaren Formula One team based in Woking, England, and powered by Honda's naturally-aspirated RA109E and RA100E V10 engines respectively. With the overall leadership of Technical Director Gordon Murray, the design team was led by Neil Oatley, with Steve Nichols, Tim Wright, Bob Bell, Mike Gascoyne and Pete Weismann. Osamu Goto was the Honda F1 team chief designer for the car's engine. The MP4/5 was loosely based on its predecessor, the all-conquering MP4/4. McLaren used the new car for half of the season using the Weismann Longitudinal Transmission from the MP4/4, and the MP4/5B with the Weismann Transverse Transmission for the last half of the 1989 season and for , earning back-to-back drivers' and constructors' world titles with the type. MP4/5 1989 was the first year where naturally aspirated engines were compulsory for all teams after the banni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
McLaren MP4/4
The McLaren MP4/4, also known as the McLaren-Honda MP4/4, was one of the most successful Formula One car designs of all time. Powered by Honda in Formula One, Honda's Honda RA16 engine, RA168E 1.5-litre V6-Turbocharger, turbo engine and driven by teammates Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna, the car competed during the 1988 Formula One season. The design of the car was led by American engineer Steve Nichols, working with Gordon Murray, the team's recently-appointed Technical Director. Honda had provided the Constructors' Championship-winning engines of 1986 and 1987, and for 1988 they switched partners from Williams to McLaren, who had struggled with their dated Techniques d'Avant Garde, TAG-Porsche in Formula One, Porsche engines. The engine's design and development was led by Osamu Goto. The MP4/4 was a distinctly lower design than the previous year's McLaren MP4/3, MP4/3, forcing the drivers into a more reclined, almost lying down driving position. In the 1988 season the MP4/4 won ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotus 99T
The Lotus 99T is a Formula One car designed by Gérard Ducarouge for use by Lotus in the 1987 Formula One World Championship. Background and design After Renault pulled out of F1 at the end of , Lotus signed a deal with Honda for use of their turbocharged 1.5-litre engine. Due to Honda's existing deal with Williams which allowed that team exclusive use of the 1987-spec RA167E unit, Lotus instead used the previous season's RA166E. As part of the deal, Lotus agreed to sign Honda's test driver Satoru Nakajima as teammate to Ayrton Senna. Lotus also had a new title sponsor and livery, with the black and gold of John Player Special being replaced by the bright yellow and blue of Camel. The 99T was the second Lotus chassis to be fitted with electronic active suspension after the team had experimented with the system on the Lotus 92 used in the first part of the season. The system's benefits of a consistent ride height with no pitch or roll in the chassis came at a cost, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Williams FW11
The Williams FW11 is a Formula One car designed by Frank Dernie as a serious challenger to McLaren and their MP4/2C car. The car took over from where the FW10 left off at the end of , when that car won the last three races of the season. The FW11's most notable feature was the Honda 1.5 litre V6 turbo engine, one of the most powerful in F1 at the time producing 800 bhp at 12,000rpm and well over 1,200 bhp at 12,000 rpm in qualifying. Added to the engine's power were the aerodynamics, which were ahead of the MP4/2C and the Lotus 98T. That and its driving pairing of Nelson Piquet and Nigel Mansell made it a force to be reckoned with. The FW11B was the last Williams car with a turbocharged engine until the FW36 in 2014. History 1986 In , the car won first time out in Brazil with Piquet, before Mansell laid down a title challenge with four wins. Williams were shaken by the near fatal road crash of Frank Williams which demoralised the team. Williams survived the cras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formula One
Formula One (F1) is the highest class of worldwide racing for open-wheel single-seater formula Auto racing, racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the world's premier forms of motorsport since its 1950 Formula One season, inaugural running in 1950 and is often considered to be the pinnacle of motorsport. The word ''Formula racing, formula'' in the name refers to Formula One regulations, the set of rules all participant cars must follow. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as List of Formula One Grands Prix, Grands Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents on either purpose-built List of Formula One circuits, circuits or closed roads. A List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems, points scoring system is used at Grands Prix to determine two annual World Championships: List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Turismo 6
''Gran Turismo 6'' is a 2013 sim racing video game developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. It is the sixth main installment and the eleventh overall in the ''Gran Turismo (series), Gran Turismo'' series. The game was released worldwide on December 6, 2013. ''Gran Turismo 6'' received a positive reception and was a financial success. New features included the addition of more cars and tracks, improvements to the car customization options, and partnerships with the Goodwood Festival of Speed, the Instituto Ayrton Senna, Ayrton Senna Institute, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, FIA, and NASCAR. ''Gran Turismo 6'' is the first game to feature officially FIA-certified content. Development In November 2011, the ''Gran Turismo (series), Gran Turismo'' series creator, Kazunori Yamauchi, announced that he and his team at Polyphony Digital were working on ''Gran Turismo 6''. In March 2012, employees were observed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PlayStation 3
The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It is the successor to the PlayStation 2, and both are part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. The PS3 was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, followed by November 17 in North America and March 23, 2007, in Europe and Australasia. It competed primarily with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The PlayStation 3 was built around the custom-designed Cell Broadband Engine processor, co-developed with IBM and Toshiba. SCE president Ken Kutaragi envisioned the console as a supercomputer for the living room, capable of handling complex multimedia tasks. It was the first console to use the Blu-ray disc as its primary storage medium, the first to be equipped with an HDMI port, and the first capable of outputting games in 1080p (Full HD) resolution. It also launched alongside the PlayStation Network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Turismo 5
is a 2010 sim racing video game developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. It is the fifth main installment and the tenth overall in the '' Gran Turismo'' series. It was released on November 24, 2010, in Europe and North America, and November 25, 2010, in Japan and Australasia. It was preceded by the ''Prologue'' version and is the first main entry of the series to be released for the PlayStation 3. The game marks the first entry in the series with online races with support for up to 16 players. A damage model has been included with variations of damage depending on the car. Over 1,000 cars, 29 different locations, 77 different tracks, and a track generator are available in the game. Dynamic time and weather effects make their debut in the series. World Rally Championship, NASCAR and Super GT licenses are utilized for the first time in the ''Gran Turismo'' series. ''Gran Turismo 5'' was well-received critically and a comme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational analogue of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). The symbol for torque is typically \boldsymbol\tau, the lowercase Greek letter ''tau''. When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by . Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen point; for example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object, which is applied by the screwdriver rotating around its axis to the drives on the head. Historical terminology The term ''torque'' (from Latin , 'to twist') is said to have been suggested by James Thomson and appeared in print in April, 1884. Usage is attested the same year by Silvanus P. Thompson in the first edition of ''Dynamo-Electric Machinery''. Thompson describes his usage of the term as follows: Today, torque is referred to using d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suspension (vehicle)
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, spring (device), springs, shock absorbers and Linkage (mechanical), linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/Automobile handling, handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other. The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. The suspension is crucial for maintaining consistent contact between the road wheel and the road surface, as all forces exerted on the vehicle by the road or ground are transmitted through the tires' contact patches. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different. History An early form of suspension on ox-drawn carts had the platform swing on iron chains attached to the wheeled frame of the carriage. This system remained the basis for most suspension systems unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
