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Government Of The First Bourbon Restoration
The Government of the first Bourbon restoration replaced the French provisional government of 1814 that had been formed after the fall of Napoleon. It was announced on 13 May 1814 by King Louis XVIII. After the return of Napoleon from exile, the court fled to Ghent and the government was replaced by the French Government of the Hundred Days on 20 March 1815. Formation King Louis XVIII made a triumphal return to Paris on 3 May 1814, accompanied by members of the provisional Council of State, commissaires of the ministerial departments, Marshals of France, and generals. He was greeted by a huge crowd. He named the new ministry on 13 May 1814. Ministers The ministers were: Events On 4 June 1814 the Charter of 1814 was proclaimed, defining the basic constitutional laws of the state. The government soon became unpopular. Some were opposed to the reactionary policies of the government, and some were opposed to the Bourbon dynasty. The clergy openly preached intolerance and persecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of France
The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from the High Middle Ages to 1848 during its dissolution. It was also an early French colonial empire, colonial power, with colonies in Asia and Africa, and the largest being New France in North America geographically centred around the Great Lakes. The Kingdom of France was descended directly from the West Francia, western Frankish realm of the Carolingian Empire, which was ceded to Charles the Bald with the Treaty of Verdun (843). A branch of the Carolingian dynasty continued to rule until 987, when Hugh Capet was elected king and founded the Capetian dynasty. The territory remained known as ''Francia'' and its ruler as ('king of the Franks') well into the High Middle Ages. The first king calling himself ('King of France') was Philip II of Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of The Interior (France)
Minister of the Interior (, ) is the interior minister of French government, traditionally responsible for internal security and territorial administration. The minister ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the country's institutions throughout the territory. The current Minister of the Interior is Bruno Retailleau, who has held the position since September 21, 2024. Responsibilities The Minister of the Interior is responsible for the following: * The general interior security of the country, with respect to criminal acts or natural catastrophes ** including the major law-enforcement forces *** the National Police *** the National Gendarmerie for its police operations since 2009; as a part of the French Armed Forces, the Gendarmerie is administratively under the purview of the Ministry of Armed Forces ** General directorate for civil defence and crisis management ( Sécurité Civile) *** the directorate of Firefighters ( Sapeurs-Pompiers) * the granting of identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charter Of 1814
The French Charter of 1814 was a constitutional text granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after the Bourbon Restoration, in the form of a royal charter. The Congress of Vienna demanded that Louis bring in a constitution of some form before he was restored. After refusing the proposed constitution, the Constitution sénatoriale, set forth on 6 April 1814 by the provisional government and the Sénat conservateur ("Conservative Senate"), Louis Stanislas Xavier, count of Provence, bestowed a different constitutional Charter, on 4 June 1814. With the Congress of Vienna's demands met, the count of Provence was officially named Louis XVIII, and the monarchy was restored. The Charter presents itself as a text of compromise, possibly of forgiveness, preserving the numerous acquisitions from the French Revolution and the Empire, whilst restoring the dynasty of the Bourbons. Its title as ‘constitutional Charter’ acts as evidence of compromise, the term ‘charter’ as refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Louis Jean Casimir De Blacas
Pierre-Louis Jean Casimir, Count of Blacas d'Aulps (10 January 1771 – 17 November 1839), later created 1st Duke of Blacas (1821), was a French antiquarian, nobleman and diplomat during the Bourbon Restoration. Biography Early life He was baptized at Avignon on 11 January 1771. He was the son of an aristocrat from Provence and took an opposing view of the French Revolution. In 1790, while a sous-lieutenant in the Noailles dragoons from Tarn, he fled across the Var to Nice in the Kingdom of Sardinia. From there, he went to the German frontier town of Coblenz and joined the counter-revolutionary ''émigré'' army of Louis XVI's cousin, the Prince of Condé. Later, he went through Italy before entering the service of Russia and fighting the French Republic in Switzerland under Alexander Suvorov. Serving the Bourbons While in the pay of Austria, he then travelled to Warsaw and rejoined the court-in-exile of the pretender to the throne of France, King Louis XVI's younger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmerich Joseph De Dalberg
Emmerich Joseph Wolfgang Heribert de Dalberg, 1st Duke of Dalberg (31 May 1773 – 27 April 1833) was a German diplomat who was elevated to the French nobility in the Napoleonic era and who held senior government positions during the Bourbon Restoration. Early career Emmerich Joseph Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg was born in Mainz, then capital of the Electorate of Mainz, on 31 May 1773. He was the son of Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg, a statesman of Baden, and his wife, Elisabeth Augusta Ulner von Dieburg (1751-1816). Emmerich was the nephew of Karl Theodor von Dalberg, arch-chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince primate of the Confederation of the Rhine and Grand-Duke of Frankfurt. His family meant him to pursue a clerical career, and he studied at the University of Göttingen in Lower Saxony. Dalberg was at Vienna in the Imperial Chancellery when the stance of his uncle, who had taken the French side, ended his diplomatic career with the Austrian court. He was then name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Claude Beugnot
Jacques Claude, comte Beugnot (; 25 July 1761 – 24 June 1835) was a French politician before, during, and after the French Revolution. His son Auguste Arthur Beugnot was an historian and scholar. Biography Revolution Born at Bar-sur-Aube (Aube), he served as a magistrate under the ''ancien régime'', and was elected deputy to the Legislative Assembly (1791). A Feuillant and later a Girondist, he was proscribed along with the Girondists after François Hanriot's intervention and the trial of October 1793, and was imprisoned in the Conciergerie until the Thermidorian Reaction. Napoleon He next entered into relations with the family of Napoleon Bonaparte, and in 1799, after the coup of 18 Brumaire, again entered politics, becoming successively ''préfet'' of the Seine-Inférieure ''département'', member of the ''Conseil d'État'', and finance minister to Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, during the First French Empire. In 1808 Beugnot, who had meanwhile been appoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Victor, Baron Malouet
Pierre Victor, baron Malouet (11 February 1740 – 7 September 1814) was a French politician, colonial administrator and writer. As an émigré, he signed the Whitehall Accord with Great Britain in 1794. Life Malouet was born in Riom as the son of a bailli in Puy-de-Dôme. He was educated at the College of Juilly (1754–1756) before studying law. Then he opted for a career in the diplomatic service and in 1758 he was sent to the French Embassy in Lisbon and met with the Marquis de Pombal. When he returned to France he was given an administrative role in the French Royal Army under Victor François de Broglie, 2nd Duke of Broglie. In 1763 he was appointed intendant at Rochefort and became commissary in Saint-Domingue in 1767. There he married and acquired a significant number of sugar plantations. He returned to France in 1774, and took up the role of commissary-general of the navy. In 1776 he was entrusted to carry out plans of improving the colonization of French Guiana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Naval Ministers Of France
One of France's Secretaries of State under the Ancien Régime was entrusted with control of the French Navy (Secretary of State of the Navy (France).) In 1791, this title was changed to Minister of the Navy. Before January 1893, this position also had responsibility for French colonial empire, France's colonies, and was usually known as Minister of the Navy and Colonies, a role thereafter taken by the Minister of the Overseas (France), Minister of the Overseas. In 1947 the naval ministry was absorbed into the Minister of Defence (France), Ministry of Defence, with the exception of merchant marine affairs which had been split in 1929 to the separate Minister of Merchant Marine (France), Ministry of Merchant Marine. History The two primary formations of the French Navy, the Ponant Fleet and Levant Fleet, were placed under the control of Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1662, whilst he was "intendant des finances" and "minister of state" – but not "secretary of state" : he only became se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Dominique, Baron Louis
Joseph Dominique, baron Louis (13 November 1755 – 26 August 1837) was a France, French statesman and financier, born at Toul (Meurthe Department, Meurthe). At the outbreak of the French Revolution the abbé Louis (he had early taken orders) had already some reputation as a financial expert. He was in favor of the constitutional movement, and on the great festival of federation (14 July 1790) he assisted Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, Talleyrand, then Bishop of Autun, to celebrate mass at the altar erected in the Champ de Mars. In 1792, however, he emigrated to England where he spent his time studying English institutions and especially the financial system of William Pitt the Younger. Returning to France on the establishment of the Consulate he served successively in the ministry of war, the council of state, and in the finance department in Holland and in Paris. Made a baron of the empire in 1809, he nevertheless supported the French Restoration, Bourbon restoration and was mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Economics And Finance (France)
The Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty (, pronounced ), informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the Government of France. Its minister is one of the most prominent cabinet members after the prime minister. The name of the ministry has changed over time; it has included the terms "economics", "industry", "finance" and "employment" throughout its history. Responsibilities The Minister of Economics and Finance oversees: * the drafting of laws on taxation by exercising direct authority over the Tax Policy Board (''Direction de la législation fiscale'') of the General Directorate of Public Finances (''Direction générale des Finances publiques''), formerly the Department of Revenue (''Direction générale des impôts''); * national funds and financial and economic system, especially with the Office of the Treasurer and Receiver General (''Direction générale du Trésor or French Treasury''), not to be confused w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke
Henri-Jacques-Guillaume Clarke, 1st comte d'Hunebourg, 1st duc de Feltre (; 17 October 1765 – 28 October 1818), was a French military officer, diplomat, and politician of Irish origin who served as Minister of War (France)#First Empire, Minister of War of the First French Empire from 1807 to 1814. He was made a Marshal of France in 1816. Early life and career Clarke was born in Landrecies, northern France, on 18 October 1765, to Irish people, Irish parents from Lisdowney, County Kilkenny. Clarke was one of the most influential and charismatic Flight of the Wild Geese, Franco-Irish generals in the French army during the Napoleonic period. His family had close links to the Irish Brigade of France. His father served in Dillon's Regiment, and his mother's father and several uncles served in Clare's Regiment. In September 1781, Clarke entered the Military School of Paris as a cadet, joining the army in November 1782 as a second lieutenant in Berwick's Regiment. He was later transfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman. He was a Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars, and served three times as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) of France. Son of a country notary from southern France, Soult enlisted in the French Royal Army in 1785 and quickly rose through the ranks during the French Revolution. He was promoted to brigadier general after distinguishing himself at the Battle of Fleurus in 1794, and by 1799 he was a division general. In 1804, Napoleon made Soult one of his first eighteen Marshals of the Empire. Soult played a key role in many of Napoleon's campaigns, most notably at the Battle of Austerlitz, where his corps delivered the decisive attack that secured French victory. He was subsequently created Duke of Dalmatia and from 1808, he commanded French forces during the Peninsular War. Despite several initial victories, for ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
