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Gordon Sutherland
Sir Gordon Brims Black McIvor Sutherland FRS (8 April 1907 – 27 June 1980) was a Scottish physicist. Biography Sutherland was born on 8 April 1907 at Watten, Caithness. He was the youngest of seven children of Peter Sutherland and Eliza Hope (née Morrison), both teachers. He was taught by his parents until he was ten, when he attended Leven Academy for a year before moving to Morgan Academy in Dundee for 6 years. From there he went to the University of St Andrews where he took the unusual route of studying for a double degree: an MA in mathematics and applied mathematics, and a BSc in physics. This involved a 5-year combination of courses that had not been taken before. He graduated in 1928 and 1929 with first-class honours in each. Sutherland’s first research work was at Trinity College, Cambridge under Ralph H. Fowler, but after a year he concluded that he did not have the mathematical ability to be a good theoretical physicist, so he switched to experimental work on R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fellow Of The Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science". Overview Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to :Fellows of the Royal Society, around 8,000 fellows, including eminent scientists Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caithness
Caithness (; ; ) is a Shires of Scotland, historic county, registration county and Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area of Scotland. There are two towns, being Wick, Caithness, Wick, which was the county town, and Thurso. The county includes the northernmost point of mainland Britain at Dunnet Head, and also the most north-easterly point at Duncansby Head near John o' Groats. The Flow Country is the largest blanket bog in Europe, and covers a large inland area in the west of the county. Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of Sutherland to the west and is otherwise bounded by sea. The land boundary follows a drainage divide, watershed and is crossed by two roads (the A9 road (Great Britain), A9 and the A836 road, A836) and by one railway (the Far North Line). Across the Pentland Firth, ferries link Caithness with Orkney, and Caithness also has an airport at Wick, Highland, Wick. The Pentland Firth island of Stroma, Scotland, Stroma is within Caithne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Whiffen
David Hardy Whiffen FRS (15 August 1922 – 2 December 2002) was an English physicist and pioneer of infrared and Electron Spin Resonance known for the "Whiffen Effect". Life He was born in Esher, Surrey into a family of chemical manufacturers and educated in Broadstairs, Kent and at Oundle. He gained a 1st Class Honours Degree at Oxford in 1943 under eminent physicist Sir Harold Warris Thompson and continued the pursuit of postgraduate research with Thompson until 1949. He worked in a number of areas including Radar and fuel analysis during the war. He spent a year in 1946-47 at the Bell Telephone Research Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey, working with five Nobel Laureates. In nine months Whiffen developed a sensitive experimental cell usable over a wide range of temperature. On his return to England he accepted a post as lecturer in the Chemistry Department at Birmingham University from 1949 to 1959. Most of his papers at that time pushed the boundaries on infra red ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Pople
Sir John Anthony Pople (31 October 1925 – 15 March 2004) was a British theoretical chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walter Kohn in 1998 for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. Early life and education Pople was born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, and attended the Bristol Grammar School. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1943. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946. Between 1945 and 1947 he worked at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He then returned to the University of Cambridge and was awarded his PhD in mathematics in 1951 on lone pair electrons. Career After obtaining his PhD, he was a research fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge and then from 1954 a lecturer in the mathematics faculty at Cambridge. In 1958, he moved to the National Physical Laboratory, near London as head of the new basics physics division. He moved to the United States of America in 1964, where he lived the rest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS United States
SS ''United States'' is a retired American ocean liner that was built during 1950 and 1951 for United States Lines. She is the largest ocean liner to be List of passenger ships built in the United States, entirely constructed in the United States and the fastest ocean liner to cross the Atlantic Ocean in either direction, earning the Blue Riband for the highest average speed since her maiden voyage in 1952, a title that remains uncontested. The ship was designed by American naval architect William Francis Gibbs and could have been converted into a troopship if required by the United States Navy in time of war. The ship served as a US icon, transporting celebrities and immigrants throughout her career between 1952 and 1969. Her design included innovations in steam propulsion, hull form, fire safety, and damage control. Despite her record speed, passenger counts declined in the mid-1960s due to the rise in Jet aircraft, jet-propelled Transatlantic flight, trans-Atlantic flights. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bomber Command
Bomber Command is an organisational military unit, generally subordinate to the air force of a country. The best known were in Britain and the United States. A Bomber Command is generally used for strategic bombing (although at times, e.g. during the Normandy Landings, may be used for tactical bombing), and is composed of bombers (i.e. planes used to bomb targets). RAF Bomber Command RAF Bomber Command was formed in 1936 to be responsible for all bombing activities of the RAF. It found especial fame during World War II, when its aircraft were used for devastating night-time air raids on Germany and occupied Europe, principally the former, their bombing raids causing tremendous destruction of urban areas and factories. Much of its personnel was drawn from outside the United Kingdom, many coming from the British Empire. Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, many Commonwealth countries contributed squadrons or individuals to British air and ground staff. For example, N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2. It is one of several isomers of octane (C8H18). This particular isomer is the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (the zero point is ''n''-heptane). It is an important component of gasoline, frequently used in relatively large proportions (around 10%) to increase the knock resistance of fuel. Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name ''isooctane'' should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylheptane. However, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is by far the most important isomer of octane and historically it has been assigned this name. Production Isooctane is produced on a massive scale in the petroleum industry by alkylation of isobutene with isobutane. This process is conducted in alkylation units in the presence of acid catalysts. : It can also be produced from isobutylene by dimerization using an Amberlyst cataly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Penney, Baron Penney
William George Penney, Baron Penney, (24 June 19093 March 1991) was an English mathematician and professor of mathematical physics at the Imperial College London and later the rector of Imperial College London. He had a leading role in the development of High Explosive Research, Britain's clandestine nuclear programme that started in 1942 during the Second World War which produced the first British atomic bomb in 1952. As the head of the British delegation working on the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos Laboratory, Penney initially carried out calculations to predict the damage effects generated by the blast wave of an atomic bomb. Upon returning home, Penney directed the British nuclear weapons directorate, codenamed Tube Alloys and directed scientific research at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment which resulted in the first detonation of a British nuclear bomb in Operation Hurricane in 1952. After the test, Penney became chief advisor to the new United Kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lennard-Jones
Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones (27 October 1894 – 1 November 1954) was a British mathematician and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Bristol, and then of theoretical science at the University of Cambridge. He was an important pioneer in the development of modern computational chemistry and theoretical chemistry. Early life and education Lennard-Jones was born John Edward Jones on 27 October 1894 at Leigh, Lancashire, the eldest son of Mary Ellen and Hugh Jones, an insurance agent. He was educated at Leigh Grammar School, going on to study at the University of Manchester, graduating in 1915 with a first-class honours degree in mathematics. Following service with the Royal Flying Corps during World War I, where he trained as a pilot, he studied for a Doctorate of Science (DSc) degree in Mathematics at Manchester, graduating in 1922. On the advice of Sydney Chapman, he then successfully applied for a Senior 1851 Exhibition at Trinity College, Cambridge, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous city in Michigan. Located on the Huron River, Ann Arbor is the principal city of its Metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Washtenaw County and had 372,258 residents in 2020. Ann Arbor is included in the Metro Detroit, Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor combined statistical area and the Great Lakes megalopolis. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by John Allen (pioneer), John Allen and Elisha Rumsey. It was named after the wives of the village's founders, both named Ann, and the stands of Quercus macrocarpa, bur oak trees they found at the site of the town. The University of Michigan was established in Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city's population grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. A college town, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MV Britannic (1929)
MV ''Britannic'' was a British transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1929 and scrapped in 1961. She was the penultimate ship built for White Star Line before its 1934 merger with Cunard Line. When built, ''Britannic'' was the largest motor ship in the UK Merchant Navy. Her running mate ship was the MV ''Georgic. In 1934 White Star merged with Cunard Line; however, both ''Britannic'' and ''Georgic'' retained their White Star Line colours and flew the house flags of both companies. From 1935 the pair served London, and at the time they were the largest ships to do so. From early in her career ''Britannic'' operated on cruises as well as scheduled transatlantic services. Diesel propulsion, economical speeds and modern "cabin ship" passenger facilities enabled ''Britannic'' and ''Georgic'' to make a profit throughout the 1930s, when many other liners were unable to do so. In the Second World War ''Britannic'' served as a troop ship, transporting over 170,000 troops, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harkness Fellowship
The Harkness Fellowship (previously known as the Commonwealth Fund Fellowship) is a program run by the Commonwealth Fund of New York City. This fellowship was established to reciprocate the Rhodes Scholarships and enable Fellows from several countries to spend time studying in the United States. Recipients of the scholarship include a president of the International Court of Justice; former chairman and CEO of Salomon Brothers; a former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge; the controller of BBC Radio 4; the editor of the '' Sunday Times''; former directors of the Medical Research Council, the London School of Economics and the General Medical Council; and a vice president of Microsoft. History The Commonwealth Fund is a philanthropic foundation established in the United States by Anna Harkness in 1918. Her son, Edward Stephen Harkness, initiated the Commonwealth Fund Fellowships in 1925. These were intended to reciprocate the Rhodes Scholarships by enabling Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
