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Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of Academic publishing, scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in Beta release, beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, Abstract (summary), abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including Legal opinion, court opinions and patents. Google Scholar uses a web crawler, or web robot, to identify files for inclusion in the search results. For content to be indexed in Google Scholar, it must meet certain specified criteria. An earlier statistical estimate published in PLOS One using a mark and recapture method estimated approximately 79–90% coverage of all articles published in English with an estimate of 100 million.'' Trend Watch'' (2014) Nature (journal), Nature 509(7501), 405 – discussing Madian K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliographic Database
A bibliographic database is a database of bibliographic records. This is an organised online collection of references to published written works like academic journal, journal and newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal publications, patents and books. In contrast to library catalogue entries, a majority of the records in bibliographic databases describe articles and conference papers rather than complete monographs, and they generally contain very rich subject descriptions in the form of Index term, keywords, subject classification terms, or abstract (summary), abstracts. A bibliographic database may cover a wide range of topics or one academic discipline, academic field like computer science. A significant number of bibliographic databases are marketed under a trade name by licensing agreement from vendors, or directly from their makers: the indexing and abstracting services. Many bibliographic databases have evolved into digital library, digit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (journal)
''Nature'' is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England. As a multidisciplinary publication, ''Nature'' features Peer review, peer-reviewed research from a variety of academic disciplines, mainly in science and technology. It has core editorial offices across the United States, continental Europe, and Asia under the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature. ''Nature'' was one of the world's most cited scientific journals by the Science Edition of the 2022 ''Journal Citation Reports'' (with an ascribed impact factor of 50.5), making it one of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals. , it claimed an online readership of about three million unique readers per month. Founded in the autumn of 1869, ''Nature'' was first circulated by Norman Lockyer and Alexander MacMillan (publisher), Alexander MacMillan as a public forum for scientific innovations. The mid-20th century facilitated an editorial expansion for the j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BibTeX
BibTeX is both a bibliographic flat-file database file format and a software program for processing these files to produce lists of references (citations). The BibTeX file format is a widely used standard with broad support by reference management software. The BibTeX program comes bundled with the LaTeX document preparation system, and is not available as a stand-alone program. Within this typesetting system its name is styled as . The name is a portmanteau of the word ''bibliography'' and the name of the TeX typesetting software. BibTeX was created by Oren Patashnik in 1985. No updates were published between February 1988 and March 2010, when the package was updated to improve URL printing and clarify the license. There are various reimplementations of the program. The purpose of BibTeX is to make it easy to cite sources in a consistent manner, by separating bibliographic information from the presentation of this information, similarly to the separation of content and pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EndNote
EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliography, bibliographies and Citation, references when writing essays, reports and articles. EndNote was written by Richard Niles, and ownership changed hands several times since it was launched in 1989 by Niles & Associates: in 2000 it was acquired by Institute for Scientific Information’s ResearchSoft Division, part of Thomson Corporation, and in 2016 by Clarivate (then named Clarivate Analytics). EndNote's main competitors are Mendeley and Zotero, but unlike them, EndNote is neither free-to-use nor offers a freemium model. Features EndNote groups citations into "libraries" with the file extension *.enl and a corresponding *.data folder. There are several ways to add a reference to a library: manually, or by exporting, importing, copying from another EndNote library, or connecting from EndNote. The program presents the user with a window containing a dropdown menu from which to select the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RefMan
Reference Manager was the first commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters. It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally developed by Ernest Beutler and his son, Earl Beutler, in 1982 through their company Research Information Systems. Offered for the CP/M operating system, it was ported to DOS and then Microsoft Windows and later the Apple Macintosh. Research Information Systems was acquired by Thomson Business Information (later Thomson Reuters) in 1994. Subsequently, Thomson acquired EndNote and ProCite, the other two leading bibliographic management programs. Rich Niles, founder of EndNote, joined Thomson Reuters as head of that division, and put all development focus on EndNote. Sales of Reference Manager continued until December 31, 2015, and support ended on December 31, 2016. Operation Reference Manager is most commonly used by people who want to share a central database of references and need to have multiple users ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RefWorks
RefWorks is a cloud-based commercial reference management software package. It is produced by Clarivate after it bought ProQuest in 2021. RefWorks LLC was founded in 2001 as a partnership between Earl B. Beutler (development and customer service) and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (sales and marketing) from 2002 until being acquired by ProQuest in 2008. Functionality and features Users' reference databases are stored online, allowing them to be accessed and updated from any computer with an internet connection. Institutional licenses allow universities to subscribe to RefWorks on behalf of all their students, faculty and staff. The software enables linking from a user's RefWorks account to electronic editions of journals to which the institution's library subscribes. This linking is accomplished by incorporating an institution's OpenURL resolver. Many bibliographic database providers have implemented the ability to export references directly to RefWorks. In some cases (e.g. PubM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Libraries Journal
This list of Cambridge University Press journals includes all academic journals published by Cambridge Journals , including journals no longer published or no longer published by Cambridge, but for which they still maintain archives. Several journals in this list are published by Cambridge in cooperation with or on behalf of other entities such as learned and professional societies. In these cases Cambridge provides publishing and printing, distribution, online archives, and other services on behalf of the original publisher. Cambridge Journals publishes journals under three main access policies: closed access, open access, and a hybrid model in which individual articles in an otherwise closed access journal is available under open access terms. Such articles are designated as open access by its author or publishing organisation at time of acceptance, and Cambridge Journals charges an article processing fee to cover their associated costs like peer-review, copy-editing, and types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book (''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy''), first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scientific method, and his work is considered the most influential in bringing forth modern science. In the , Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint for centuries until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. He used his mathematical description of gravity to derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Of Chartres
Bernard of Chartres (; died after 1124) was a twelfth-century French Neo-Platonist philosopher, scholar, and administrator. Life The date and place of his birth are unknown. He was previously believed to have been the elder brother of Thierry of Chartres and to be of Breton origin, but research has shown that this is unlikely. He is recorded at the cathedral school of Chartres by 1115 and was chancellor until 1124. There is no proof that he was still alive after 1124. Contemporary accounts Gilbert de la Porrée and William of Conches were students of his, and their writings reference his work, as do the writings of John of Salisbury. According to the latter, Bernard composed a prose treatise named ''De expositione Porphyrii'', a metrical treatise on the same subject, a moral poem on education, and probably a fourth work seeking to reconcile Plato and Aristotle. Fragments of these treatises are found in John's ''Metalogicon'' (IV, 35) and ''Policraticus'' (VII, 3). H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standing On The Shoulders Of Giants
The phrase "standing on the shoulders of giants" is a metaphor which means "using the understanding gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress". It is a metaphor of Dwarf (mythology), dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants () and expresses the meaning of "discovering truth by building on previous discoveries". This concept has been dated to the 12th century and, according to John of Salisbury, is attributed to Bernard of Chartres. Its most familiar and popular expression occurs in a 1675 letter by Isaac Newton: "if I have seen further [than others], it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." Early references Middle Ages The earliest documented attestation of this aphorism appears in 1123 in William of Conches's Glosses on Priscian's ''Institutiones grammaticae''. Where Priscian says ''quanto juniores, tanto perspicaciores'' (young men simply can see more sharply), William writes: The ancients had only the books which they the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anurag Acharya
Anurag Acharya is an Indian-American engineer known for co-founding Google Scholar, of which he has been described as the "key inventor". As of 2023, Acharya held the title of Distinguished Engineer at Google. He and his Google colleague Alex Verstak co-founded Google Scholar in 2004. Acharya got the idea for the project years earlier when he was an undergraduate at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and had difficulty quickly accessing scholarly literature. He received a Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in 2016. References External links * 21st-century Indian engineers Google people IIT Kharagpur alumni Carnegie Mellon University alumni 20th-century Indian engineers Indian software engineers Living people Year of birth missing (living people) {{India-engineer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
