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Gomphillus
''Gomphillus'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1854, with ''Gomphillus calycioides, G. calycioides'' assigned as the type species. The genus name originates from the Latin term , which itself derives from the Greek , meaning . It is combined with the diminutive suffix ''-illus''. Description ''Gomphillus'' lichens are characterised by their crustose thallus, which is very thin, semi-transparent, and sub-gelatinous when wet. The thallus can either spread irregularly across the () or have well-defined edges. The primary photosynthetic partner () in ''Gomphillus'' species is a green alga, meaning the algal cells are spherical or nearly so. The reproductive structures (ascomata) are apothecia, which are fruiting bodies that can appear irregularly spherical () or often resemble a top shape. These struct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphillus Hyalinus
''Gomphillus'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1854, with '' G. calycioides'' assigned as the type species. The genus name originates from the Latin term , which itself derives from the Greek , meaning . It is combined with the diminutive suffix ''-illus''. Description ''Gomphillus'' lichens are characterised by their crustose thallus, which is very thin, semi-transparent, and sub-gelatinous when wet. The thallus can either spread irregularly across the () or have well-defined edges. The primary photosynthetic partner () in ''Gomphillus'' species is a green alga, meaning the algal cells are spherical or nearly so. The reproductive structures (ascomata) are apothecia, which are fruiting bodies that can appear irregularly spherical () or often resemble a top shape. These structures are brown-black on the upper surface but gradually transition to pale or c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphillaceae
The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions. The family underwent a major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023, in which 17 genera were recognised and formally established as new or reinstated. Taxonomy The Gomphillaceae has undergone significant taxonomic revision as molecular analysis techniques have improved scientists' understanding of relationships between species. As of 2024, the family includes approximately 440 accepted species, of which 422 are lichenised (form a symbiotic relationship with algae) and 18 are lichenicolous or fungicolous (grow on other lichens or fungi). The family is particularly diverse in tropical regions, where many species grow on leaves in wet forests. However, some members, particularly in the genus '' Gyalideopsis'', can also be found growing on other surfaces and extend into temperate regions. Recent molecular phylogenetics studies (an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek , meaning 'violet'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. Because of the spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin language, Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a Body cavity, cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Septum of the penis, Penile septum, a fibrous w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiomata
Conidiomata (singular: Conidioma) are blister-like fruiting structures produced by a specific type of fungus called a coelomycete. They are formed as a means of dispersing asexual spores call conidia, which they accomplish by creating the blister-like formations which then rupture to release the contained spores. Structure Conidiomata mainly consist of a mass of densely packed hypha which develops below the surface of the host cuticle, and the fungus may or may not use some of the host’s own tissue to construct the structure. Development of these structures can either occur just below the cuticle or below the epidermal layer of the tissue. Formation on the differing levels is dependent upon the type of conidiomata being formed. Five types of conidioma have been found and are classified as acervuli, pycnidia, sporodochia, synnemata and corenima. Types Acervuli Acervuli is one of the two major groups of conidiomata (the other being pycnidia). Conidiomata of this type for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individual is genetically and physically similar to the parent or an exact clone of the parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and eubacteria, bacteria. Many Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and Fungus, fungi can also reproduce asexually. In Vertebrate, vertebrates, the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis, which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited. Some Monitor lizard, monitor lizards, including Komodo dragons, can reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolite
Secondary metabolites, also called ''specialised metabolites'', ''secondary products'', or ''natural products'', are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, archaea, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal cell growth, growth, Biological development, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological biological interaction, interactions, which may produce a Natural selection, selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, the 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
