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Goguen
__NOTOC__ Joseph Amadee Goguen ( ; June 28, 1941 – July 3, 2006) was an American computer scientist. He was professor of Computer Science at the University of California and University of Oxford, and held research positions at IBM and SRI International. In the 1960s, along with Lotfi Zadeh, Goguen was one of the earliest researchers in fuzzy logic and made profound contributions to fuzzy set theory. In the 1970s Goguen's work was one of the earliest approaches to the algebraic characterisation of abstract data types and he originated and helped develop the OBJ family of programming languages. He was author of ''A Categorical Manifesto'' and founderBurstall R., "My friend Joseph Goguen", in ''Goguen Festschrift'', K. Futatsugi et al. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4060, Springer, pp. 25–30 (2006). and Editor-in-Chief of the ''Journal of Consciousness Studies''. His development of institution theory impacted the field of universal logic. Standard implication in p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algebraic Semantics (computer Science)
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and reasoning about the behavior of programs. It is a form of axiomatic semantics that provides a mathematical framework for analyzing programs through the use of algebraic structures and equational logic. Algebraic semantics represents programs and data types as algebras—mathematical structures consisting of sets equipped with operations that satisfy certain equational laws. This approach enables rigorous formal verification of software by treating program properties as algebraic properties that can be proven through mathematical reasoning. A key advantage of algebraic semantics is its ability to separate the specification of what a program does from how it is implemented, supporting abstraction and modularity in software design. Syntax The syntax of an algebraic specification is formulated in two steps: (1) defining a form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institution (computer Science)
The notion of institution was created by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall in the late 1970s, in order to deal with the "population explosion among the logical systems used in computer science". The notion attempts to "formalize the informal" concept of logical system. The use of institutions makes it possible to develop concepts of specification languages (like structuring of specifications, parameterization, implementation, refinement, and development), proof calculi, and even tools in a way completely independent of the underlying logical system. There are also morphisms that allow to relate and translate logical systems. Important applications of this are re-use of logical structure (also called borrowing), and heterogeneous specification and combination of logics. The spread of institutional model theory has generalized various notions and results of model theory, and institutions themselves have impacted the progress of universal logic. Definition The theory of institutions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OBJ (programming Language)
OBJ is a programming language family introduced by Joseph Goguen in 1976, and further worked on by Jose Meseguer. Overview It is a family of declarative programming, declarative "ultra high-level" languages. It features Abstract data type, abstract types, generic modules, subsorts (subtypes with multiple inheritance), pattern matching, pattern-matching modulo equations, E-strategies (user control over lazy evaluation, laziness), module expressions (for combining modules), theories and views (for describing module interfaces) for the massively parallel RRM (rewrite rule machine). Members of the OBJ family of languages include CafeOBJ, Eqlog, FOOPS, Kumo (OBJ), Kumo, Maude system, Maude, OBJ2, and OBJ3. OBJ2 OBJ2 is a programming language with Clear (specification language), Clear-like parametrised modules and a functional system based on equations. OBJ3 OBJ3 is a version of OBJ based on Order theory, order-sorted rewriting. OBJ3 is Intelligent agent, agent-oriented and runs on Ky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal Logic
Universal Logic is an emerging interdisciplinary field involving logic, non-classical logic, categorical logic, set theory, foundation of logic, and the philosophy and history of logic. The goal of the field is to develop an understanding of the nature of different types of logic. The expression ''Universal logic'' was coined by analogy with the expression ''Universal algebra'' by Jean-Yves Béziau. The aim was to develop Universal logic as a field of logic that studies the features common to all logical systems, aiming to be to logic what Universal algebra is to algebra, and guided by the features of "unity, generality, abstraction, and undetermination". A number of approaches to universal logic in this sense have been proposed since the twentieth century, using model theoretic and categorical approaches. History and Development The roots of universal logic as general theory of logical systems may go as far back as some work of Alfred Tarski in the early twentieth century and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Model Theory
:''This page is about the concept in mathematical logic. For the concepts in sociology, see Institutional theory and Institutional logic''. In mathematical logic, institutional model theory generalizes a large portion of first-order model theory to an arbitrary logical system. Overview The notion of "logical system" here is formalized as an institution. Institutions constitute a model-oriented meta-theory on logical systems similar to how the theory of rings and modules constitute a meta-theory for classical linear algebra. Another analogy can be made with universal algebra versus groups, rings, modules etc. By abstracting away from the realities of the actual conventional logics, it can be noticed that institution theory comes in fact closer to the realities of non-conventional logics. Institutional model theory analyzes and generalizes classical model-theoretic notions and results, like * elementary diagrams * elementary embeddings * ultraproducts, Los' theorem * saturated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotfi Zadeh
Lotfi Aliasger Zadeh (; ; ; 4 February 1921 – 6 September 2017) was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer, artificial intelligence researcher, and professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. Zadeh is best known for proposing fuzzy mathematics, consisting of several ''fuzzy''-related concepts: fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, fuzzy algorithms, fuzzy semantics, fuzzy languages, fuzzy control, fuzzy systems, fuzzy probabilities, fuzzy events, and fuzzy information. Zadeh was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy. Early life and career Azerbaijan Zadeh was born in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, as Lotfi Aliasgerzadeh. McNeil & Freiberger, p. 17 His father was Rahim Aleskerzade, an Iranian Muslim Azerbaijani journalist from Ardabil on assignment from Iran, and his mother was Fanya (Feyga) Korenman, a Jewish pediatrician from Odesa, Ukraine, who was an Iranian citizen.Gale, ThomsonLotfi Asker Zadeh Biography ''World of Computer Science'' The Sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Consciousness Studies
The ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'' is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated entirely to the field of consciousness studies. It is published by Imprint Academic, and was founded in 1994. It was previously edited by Joseph Goguen, and is currently edited by Professor Valerie Gray Hardcastle of the University of Cincinnati. Background The journal was established in part to provide visibility across disciplines to various researchers approaching the problem of consciousness from their respective fields. The articles are usually in non-specialized language (in contrast to a typical academic journal) in order to make them accessible to those in other disciplines. This also serves to help make them accessible to laypersons. In contrast to many other journals, it attempts to incorporate fields beyond the realm of the natural sciences and the social sciences such as the humanities, philosophy, critical theory, and comparative religion. A review of new jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Scientist
A computer scientist is a scientist who specializes in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, software engineering, information theory, database theory, theoretical computer science, numerical analysis, programming language theory, compiler, computer graphics, computer vision, robotics, computer architecture, operating system), their foundation is the theoretical study of computing from which these other fields derive. A primary goal of computer scientists is to develop or validate models, often mathematical, to describe the properties of computational systems (Processor (computing), processors, programs, computers interacting with people, computers interacting with other computers, etc.) with an overall objective of discovering designs that yield useful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California
The University of California (UC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university, research university system in the U.S. state of California. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Oakland, the system is composed of its ten campuses at University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, University of California, Davis, Davis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, University of California, Merced, Merced, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, and University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, along with numerous research centers and academic centers abroad. The system is the state's land-grant university. In 1900, UC was one of the founders of the Association of American Universities and since the 1970s seven of its campuse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Diego, California
San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in the United States. San Diego is the county seat, seat of San Diego County. It is known for its mild Mediterranean climate, extensive List of beaches in San Diego County, beaches and List of parks in San Diego, parks, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a wireless, electronics, List of hospitals in San Diego, healthcare, and biotechnology development center. Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego has been referred to as the ''Birthplace of California'', as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. In 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California, 200 years later. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean algebra, Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. The term ''fuzzy logic'' was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by mathematician Lotfi A. Zadeh, Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as Łukasiewicz logic, infinite-valued logic—notably by Jan Łukasiewicz, Łukasiewicz and Alfred Tarski, Tarski. Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or fuzzy sets are mathematical means of representing vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy). These models have the capability of recognising, representing, manipulating, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
