|
Go-around
In aviation, a go-around is an aborted landing of an aircraft that is on Final_approach_(aeronautics), final approach or has already touched down. A go-around can either be initiated by the pilot flying or requested by air traffic control for various reasons, such as an unstabilized approach or an obstruction on the runway. Etymology The term arises from the traditional use of Airfield traffic pattern, traffic patterns at airfields. A landing aircraft will first join the traffic pattern/circuit and prepare for landing. If for some reason, the pilot decides not to land, the pilot can simply fly back up to traffic pattern altitude/circuit height, and complete another circuit. The term "go-around" is still used even for modern airliners, though they often do not use traditional traffic patterns/circuits for landing, instead using an airport-specific go-around procedure. Reasons for use Initiation of a go-around may be either ordered by air traffic control (normally the local or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autothrottle
An autothrottle (automatic throttle; also known as autothrust, A/T, or A/THR) is a system that allows a pilot to control the power setting of an aircraft's engines by specifying a desired flight characteristic, rather than manually controlling the fuel flow. The autothrottle can greatly reduce the pilots' workload and help conserve fuel and extend engine life by metering the precise amount of fuel required to attain a specific target indicated air speed, or the assigned power for different phases of flight. A/T and AFDS (Auto Flight Director Systems) can work together to fulfill the whole flight plan. Working modes There are two parameters that an A/T can maintain, or try to attain: speed and thrust. In speed mode the throttle is positioned to attain a set target speed, subject to safe operating margins. For example, if the pilot selects a target speed which is slower than stall speed, the autothrottle system maintains a speed above the stall speed. In the thrust mode the engi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolter (aviation)
In naval aviation, a bolter occurs when an aircraft attempting an arrested landing on the flight deck of an aircraft carrier touches down, but fails to catch an arrestor cable and come to a stop. Bolter aircraft accelerate at full throttle and become airborne in order to go-around and re-attempt the landing. Prior to the development of the angled flight deck, aircraft carrier landing areas ran along the axis of the ship. If an aircraft failed to catch an arrestor cable on the aft (rear) of the ship, it would still need to be stopped prior to hitting aircraft spotted (parked or taxiing) on the forward half of the deck. With aircraft spotted on the forward half of the flight deck, there was not enough room for an aircraft to become airborne again after missing the arrestor wires. Stopping an aircraft that failed to engage an arrestor cable was accomplished with either a wire barrier rigged amidships and raised to catch the aircraft's landing gear, or a net barricade that would e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flap (aircraft)
A flap is a high-lift device used to reduce the stall (flight), stalling speed of an aircraft wing at a given weight. Flaps are usually mounted on the wing trailing edges of a fixed-wing aircraft. Flaps are used to reduce the take-off distance and the landing distance. Flaps also cause an increase in Drag (physics), drag so they are retracted when not needed. The flaps installed on most aircraft are partial-span flaps; spanwise from near the wing root to the inboard end of the ailerons. When partial-span flaps are extended they alter the spanwise lift distribution on the wing by causing the inboard half of the wing to supply an increased proportion of the lift, and the outboard half to supply a reduced proportion of the lift. Reducing the proportion of the lift supplied by the outboard half of the wing is accompanied by a reduction in the angle of attack on the outboard half. This is beneficial because it increases the margin above the Stall (fluid dynamics), stall of the outbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unstabilized Approach
An unstable approach is an approach during which an aircraft does not maintain certain essential flight parameters within reasonable limits. This usually includes at least one of the following variables stable: speed, descent rate, vertical/lateral flight path and in landing configuration, or receive a landing clearance by a certain altitude. Unstabilized approaches account for most approach and landing accidents. For this reason, an approach should be stabilized by above runway altitude. Otherwise, a go-around should be executed by the pilot. For example, the 2016 Magdalen Islands Mitsubishi MU-2 crash was blamed on an unstabilized approach. See also *Index of aviation articles Aviation is the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. Articles related to aviation include: A Aviation accidents and incidents – Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) – ADF – Acces ... References External linksApproach With Caution [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airfield Traffic Pattern
An airfield traffic pattern is a standard path followed by aircraft when takeoff, taking off or landing while maintaining visual contact with the airfield. At an airport, the pattern (or circuit) is a standard path for coordinating air traffic control, air traffic. It differs from "straight-in approaches" and "direct climb-outs" in that an aircraft using a traffic pattern remains close to the airport. Patterns are usually employed at small general aviation (GA) airfields and military airbases. Many large air traffic control, controlled airports avoid the system unless there is GA activity as well as commercial flights. However, some kind of a pattern may be used at airports in some cases such as when an aircraft is required to go around, but this kind of pattern at controlled airports may be very different in form, shape, and purpose to the standard traffic pattern as used at GA airports. The use of a pattern at airfields is for aviation safety. By using a consistent flight patte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Traffic Control
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC is to prevent collisions, organise and expedite the flow of traffic in the air, and provide information and other support for pilots. Personnel of air traffic control monitor aircraft location in their assigned airspace by radar and communicate with the pilots by radio. To prevent collisions, ATC enforces Separation (air traffic control), traffic separation rules, which ensure each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of 'empty space' around it at all times. It is also common for ATC to provide services to all General aviation, private, Military aviation, military, and commercial aircraft operating within its airspace; not just civilian aircraft. Depending on the type of flight and the class of airspace, AT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instrument Landing System Glide Path
In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path of descent". Principle of operation A glide slope station uses a phased antenna array sited on a tower which is offset approximately 250 to 650' to one side of the runway centerline and approximately 750 to 1250' beyond the approach end of the runway, adjacent to the runway touchdown zone. The GS transmits in the 328 to 336 MHz ultra high frequency (UHF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Similar to the localizer, the GS signal is amplitude modulated with 90 and 150 Hz audio tones and transmitted on a carrier signal. The centre of the glide slope signal is arranged to define a glide path of approximately 3° above horizontal (ground level). Carrier frequency pairings Localizer (LOC) and glide s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Brake (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, air brakes, or speed brakes, are a type of flight control surface used on an aircraft to increase the Drag (physics), drag on the aircraft. When extended into the airstream, air brakes cause an increase in the drag on the aircraft. When not in use, they conform to the local streamlined profile of the aircraft in order to help minimize drag. Air brakes differ from Spoiler (aeronautics), spoilers in that air brakes are designed to increase Aerodynamic drag, drag while making little change to Lift (force), lift, whereas spoilers reduce the lift-to-drag ratio and require a higher angle of attack to maintain lift, resulting in a higher stall speed. However, flight spoilers are routinely referred to as "speed brakes" on transport aircraft by pilots and manufacturers, despite significantly reducing lift. History In the early decades of powered flight, air brakes were flaps mounted on the wings. They were manually controlled by a lever in the cockpit, and mechani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Final Approach (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, the final approach (also called the final leg and final approach leg) is the last leg in an aircraft's approach to landing, when the aircraft is lined up with the runway and descending for landing.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 213 and 241. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. In aviation radio terminology, it is often shortened to "final". The last section of the final approach is sometimes referred to as short final. In a standard airport landing pattern, which is usually used under visual meteorological conditions (VMC), aircraft turns from base leg to final within one-half to two miles of the airport. For instrument approaches, as well as approaches into a controlled airfield under visual flight rules (VFR), often a "straight-in" final approach is used, where all the other legs are dispensed within. Straight-in approaches are discouraged at non-towered airports in the United States. Approach slope An approach slo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thrust Lever
Thrust levers or throttle levers are found in the cockpit of aircraft, and are used by the Pilot in command, pilot, copilot, flight engineer, or autopilot to control the thrust output of the aircraft's aircraft engine, engines, by controlling the fuel flow to those engines. Throttle levers are also used on many boats. In multi-engine aircraft, each thrust lever displays the Aircraft engine position number, engine number of the engine it controls. Normally, there is one thrust lever for each engine. The thrust levers are normally found in the aircraft's center console, or on the dashboard of smaller aircraft. For aircraft equipped with thrust reversal, the control for each thrust reverser is usually found adjacent to the corresponding engine's thrust lever. The position of each lever can be described by the current angle indicated. This is referred to as the ''throttle lever angle'' (TLA). The greater the TLA, the greater the engine thrust. The throttle lever assembly is ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
