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Girramay
The Girramay are an Australian Aboriginal tribe of northern Queensland. Name The Girramay ethnonym is formed from ''jir:a'', meaning "man". Language The Girramay spoke the most southerly dialect of Dyirbal. Country The Girramay people's traditional lands extend over some south from Rockingham Bay to Cardwell. Northwards, their boundaries reach close to the upper Murray River and the Cardwell Range, and also take in inland areas of the Herbert River. Society Before European settlement, the Girramay lived in a mixture of rainforest and open forest environments. Foods and artefacts Girramay territory has trees with a variety of bark that could be beaten into a cloth to fashion a "rain shield" and neighbouring tribes such as the Dyirbal and Ngajanji therefore called this device a ''keramai'', their pronunciation of the Girramay ethnonym. * ''wila'' (cakes of brown walnut) Alternative names * ''Kiramai'' * ''Giramai, Giramay, Giramaygan'' * ''Kirrama, Kirrami, Kerrami'' * ''W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyirbal People
The Dyirbal, also called Jirrbal, are an Aboriginal Australian people living in northern Queensland, both one tribe (the ''Dyirbalŋan'' or 'Tully River blacks') and a group of related contiguous peoples included under that label as the Dyirbal tribes. They live on the upper Murray river of the Atherton Tableland. Their name is used as a generic term to refer specifically to one of eight groups, the others being Yidinji, Ngadyan, Mamu, Girramay, Wargamay, Waruŋu and Mbabaɽam. Language Dyirbal belongs to the Dyirbalic branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family. It is one of several dialects, for ''Giramay'', ''Mamu'', ''Dyiru'', ''Gulŋay'', and ''Ngajan''. It is an ergative language allowing words in the sentence in any order. It has four genders, classifying things as 'masculine' (''bayi''), 'feminine'(''balan''), 'edible'(non-flesh foods) (''balam'') or 'neuter' (''bala''). In addition to this, a dozen different markers could be added to any noun, indicating the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyirbal Language
Dyirbal (also ''Djirubal'') is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northeast Queensland by the Dyirbal people. In 2016, the Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that there were 8 speakers of the language. It is a member of the small Dyirbalic branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. It possesses many outstanding features that have made it well known among linguists. In the years since the Dyirbal grammar by Robert Dixon was published in 1972, Dyirbal has steadily moved closer to extinction as younger community members have failed to learn it. Dialects There are many different groups speaking dialects of Dyirbal language. Researcher Robert Dixon estimates that Dyirbal had, at its peak, 10 dialects. Dialects include: * Dyirbal (or Jirrbal) spoken by the Dyirbalŋan * Mamu, spoken by the Waɽibara, Dulgubara, Bagiɽgabara, Dyiɽibara, and Mandubara (There are also different types of Mamu spoken by individual groups, such as Warribara Mamu, and Dulgubara Mamu) * G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngajanji
The Ngajanji, also written ''Ngadyan,'' and Ngadjon-Jii are an Indigenous Australian people of the rainforest region south of Cairns, in northern Queensland. They form one of eight groups, the others being Yidin, Mamu, Dyirbal, Girramay, Warrgamay, Waruŋu and Mbabaram, of the Dyirbal tribes. Ethnonym Ngajanji/Ngadyan was according to Robert M. W. Dixon, the name for the language spoken by a people whose proper tribal name was Ngadyandyi. Language The Ngajanji spoke ''Ngadyan'', a dialect of Dyirbal, and one showing the greatest differences with the others, particularly in phonology, where it displays vowel lengthening. A vowel followed by ''l'', ''r'' or ''y'' and a successive consonant would result in the lengthening of the vowel in question: thus ''gibar'' (large fig tree) in the other dialects became , and (meat) became . It also had a mother-in-law language (''Jalnay'') in which, when one's mother-in-law or her kin were around, one substituted standard words with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardwell, Queensland
Cardwell is a coastal town and rural Suburbs and localities (Australia), locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,320 people. Geography The Bruce Highway Highway 1 (Australia), National Highway 1 and the North Coast railway line, Queensland, North Coast railway line are the dominant transport routes; connecting with the Queensland provincial cities of Cairns and Townsville. Cardwell railway station in Bowen Street serves the town (). The town is a long narrow strip hugging the coast with Greenwood Hill immediately to the west of the town () rising to above sea level. West of Cardwell the rugged topography of the Cardwell Range intercepts the trade winds resulting in high rainfall. The coastal escarpment is covered in rainforest which transitions to the west to eucalypt woodland and tropical savanna. Cardwell Range biodiversity has been protected by the introduction of Forestry Reserves, National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockingham Bay
Rockingham Bay is a bay in Far North Queensland, Australia. The bay opens onto the Coral Sea, part of the South Pacific Ocean. Adjacent to the bay is the Girramay National Park, south of which is the town of Cardwell. Goold Island is a small island in the bay, and south of this is Hinchinbrook Island, a larger island. Rockingham Bay was one of the Australian places named by James Cook during his voyage in HMS ''Endeavour'' northwards along the east coast in 1770; he named it on Friday 8 June 1770. Captain Cook Society, accessed 1 Oct 2014. The bay was significant in the exploration of the by |
Warakamai
The Warrgamay people, also spelt Warakamai, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. Language Their language, Warrgamay language, Warrgamay, is now language extinction, extinct. It was a variety of Dyirbalic languages, Dyirbalic, and appears to be composed of three distinct dialects: ''Wargamaygan'' spoken around the lower reaches of the Herbert River; ''Biyay'' spoken at the mouth of the Herbert, in the area of Halifax, Queensland, Halifax and Bemerside; and ''Hinchinbrook Biyay,'' spoken around the coastal area south of Cardwell, Queensland, Cardwell and offshore on Hinchinbrook Island. Words in the Warrgamay language include: * ''knarbo'' (tame dog) * ''gerolo'' (wild dog) * ''baby'' (father) * ''kora/yong/yonga'' (mother) * ''mecolo'' (white man) Country The Warrgamay were the Indigenous Australians, Indigenous people of Halifax Bay, and held in Norman Tindale's calculations, approximately of tribal domains. An early resident, James Cassady, specifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage from, or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of contemporary Australia prior to History of Australia (1788–1850), British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups, which include many ethnic groups: the Aboriginal Australians of the mainland and many islands, including Aboriginal Tasmanians, Tasmania, and the Torres Strait Islanders of the seas between Queensland and Papua New Guinea, located in Melanesia. 812,728 people Aboriginality, self-identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these Indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal, 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander, and 4.4% identified with both groups. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to the state's north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north-west. With an area of , Queensland is the world's List of country subdivisions by area, sixth-largest subnational entity; it List of countries and dependencies by area, is larger than all but 16 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, and include tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and white sandy beaches in its Tropical climate, tropical and Humid subtropical climate, sub-tropical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnonym
An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym ''Germans'' is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves , an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as (French language, French), (Italian language, Italian), (Swedish language, Swedish) and (Polish language, Polish). As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics. Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, which designate all the people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population. Variations Numerous ethnonyms can apply to the same ethni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert River
The Herbert River is a river in Far North Queensland, Australia. The southernmost of Queensland's wet tropics river systems, it was named in 1864 by George Elphinstone Dalrymple explorer, after Robert Herbert, Robert George Wyndham Herbert, the first Premiers of Queensland, Premier of Queensland. Location and features With its headwaters forming at an elevation of on the Atherton Tableland, part of the Great Dividing Range west of Herberton, Queensland, Herberton and north of Ravenshoe, Queensland, Ravenshoe, the Herbert River is formed by the confluence of the Millstream and the Wild River. The Herbert River flows in a generally southeastern direction through the Lumholtz National Park joined by fifteen tributary, tributaries including the Stone River and flowing past the town of Ingham, Queensland, Ingham. The Herbert River reaches its river mouth, mouth where it enters the Coral Sea near Lucinda, Queensland, Lucinda, at the southern end of the Hinchinbrook Channel, north o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exonym
An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language. An exonym (also known as xenonym ) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used primarily outside the particular place inhabited by the group or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words, or from non-systematic attempts at transcribing into a different writing system. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonyms ''Germany'' and in English and Italian, respectively, and in Spanish and French, respectively, in Polish, and and in Finni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
