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Giri Kedaton
Giri Kedaton (also called Giri Kadaton in Javanese, Kedatuan Giri in Indonesian) was an Islamic ''kedatuan'' (city-state or principality) located in Gresik, East Java and existed in the 15th to 17th centuries, until Giri was conquered by the Mataram Sultanate in 1636. At that time Giri Kedaton had high popularity among Islamic intellectuals, so that many students from all over the archipelago came to study religion. Because they had strong legitimacy, prospective sultans from Demak, Pajang, and early Mataram asked for legitimacy from Sunan Giri before taking up the position of sultan. This happened because at that time, Javanese society adhered to the principle of divine power, namely that a reigning power descended from God, so in this case, because of its unique power in religion for the Javanese people that made Sunan Giri and the Giri Kedaton asked by the kingdom in Java at that time to legitimize their power like the Pope in Rome. Now the location of Giri Kedaton is part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giri Kedaton-Gapura
Giri may refer to: People *Agam Singh Giri (1927–1971), Indian Nepali poet and lyricist *Anish Giri (born 1994), Dutch chess prodigy and grandmaster * Deepak Raj Giri, Nepalese actor, director, and producer * Gehendra Giri, Nepalese politician * Haridhos Giri, Hindu guru who disappeared in 1994 * Helen Giri, Indian musicologist and historian *Kedar Prasad Giri (1944–2018), 18th Chief Justice of Nepal * Laxmi Giri (born 1955), Nepali actress * Maya Giri (born 1929), athlete who competed for England * Neelam Giri, Indian pediatric hematologist/oncologist * Padam Giri, Nepali communist politician * Puran Giri, Indian cricketer * Ram Bahadur Giri (born 1960), Nepalese boxer * Satyananda Giri (1896–1971), Indian monk and Yukteswar Giri's chief monastic disciple in India *Sunan Giri (born 1420), a ''Wali Sanga'' (Islamic saint) of Indonesia * Tulsi Giri (1926–2018), Prime Minister of Nepal from 1975 to 1977 * V. Mohini Giri (born 1938), Indian community service worker and activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javanese Language
Javanese ( , , ; , Aksara Jawa, Javanese script: , Pegon script, Pegon: , IPA: ) is an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, Indonesia. There are also pockets of Javanese speakers on the northern coast of western Java. It is the native language of more than 68 million people. Javanese is the largest of the Austronesian languages in List of languages by number of native speakers, number of native speakers. It has several regional dialects and a number of clearly distinct status styles. Its closest relatives are the neighboring languages such as Sundanese language, Sundanese, Madurese language, Madurese, and Balinese language, Balinese. Most speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian language, Indonesian for official and commercial purposes as well as a means to communicate with non-Javanese-speaking Indonesians. There are speakers of Javanese in Malaysia (concentrated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Language
Indonesian (; ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over 280 million inhabitants, Indonesia ranks as the list of countries by population, fourth-most populous nation globally. According to the 2020 census, over 97% of Indonesians are fluent in Indonesian, making it the largest language by number of speakers in Southeast Asia and one of the List of languages by total number of speakers, most widely spoken languages in the world.James Neil Sneddon. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various native regional languages such as Javanese language, Javanese, Sundanese language, Sundanese, Minangkabau language, Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kedatuan
''Kedatuan'' (Old Malay, Philippine languages, Philippine, and Sundanese language, Sundanese spelling: ''kadatuan''; Javanese language, Javanese romanization: ''kedaton'') were historical semi-independent city-states or Principality, principalities throughout ancient Maritime Southeast Asia in the present-day Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. In a modern Indonesian language, Indonesian/Malay language, Malay sense, they could be described as monarchy, kingdoms or polity, polities. The earliest written record mentioning the term ''kadatuan'' was the 7th-century Srivijayan Telaga Batu inscription, Telaga Batu and Kota Kapur inscription from Sumatra, Indonesia. Etymology ''Kedatuan'' and ''kadatuan'' are derived from the root word ''datu'', which is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian ''datu'', with the possible Linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed meaning of "lineage priest". Cognates in modern Austronesian languages include ''datu'' or ''dato'' in Philippine languages; ''d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gresik Regency
Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the northern and western suburbs of the city of Surabaya, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java and Madura. Almost a third of the Gresik Regency's area is the coastal area; the Districts in this zone are Kebomas District, (part of) Gresik District, Manyar District, Bungah District, and Ujungpangkah District. The regency covers and an area of 1,191.26 km2, and it had a population of 1,177,042 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,311,215 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,327,497 (comprising 667,540 males and 659,957 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Gresik Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3525) The regency's administrative centre is the town of Gresik, about 25 km to the northwest of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Java
East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by around . Located in eastern Java (island), Java, the province also includes the island of Madura Island, Madura (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge), as well as the Kangean Islands, Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea) and the Masalembu Islands, Masalembu archipelago to the north. Its capital is Surabaya, the Largest cities in Indonesia, second largest city in Indonesia, a major industrial center and also a major business center. Banyuwangi is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java. The province cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram () was the last major independent Javanese people, Javanese kingdom on the island of Java (island), Java before it was Dutch Empire, colonised by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the interior of Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century. Mataram reached its peak of power during the reign of Sultan Agung of Mataram, Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo (), and began to decline after his death in 1645. By the mid-18th century, Mataram lost both power and territory to the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: ''Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie''; ''VOC''). It had become a vassal state of the company by 1749. Etymology The name ''Mataram'' itself was never the official name of any polity, as the Javanese often refer to their realm simply as ''Bhumi Jawa'' or ''Tanah Jawi'' (). ''Mataram'' refers to the historical areas of plains south of Mount Merapi around present-day Muntilan, Sleman Regency, Sleman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunan Giri
Sunan Giri (also called Raden Paku or Joko Samudro), and Muhammad Ainul Yakin (born 1442 CE in Blambangan, which is now Banyuwangi) is considered one of the Wali Sanga (revered saints of Islam) in Indonesia. His family is from Hussani Sayid, no historical evidence that he is from Qadiri family History He was the son of Dewi Sekardadu and Maulana Ishak of Melaka (brother of Maulana Malik Ibrahim) and later adopted as a son by Nyai Gede Pinatih, a female merchant. A traditional story says that he was the son of a Hindu princess who had come to Blambangan as a missionary, who was forced to abandon him in a crisis by setting him adrift on the ocean in a small boat from which he was rescued by sailors—a story reminiscent of the biblical Moses. (see '' Sejarah Banten''). Education and contributions As a young man, Giri studied in the school of Sunan Ampel, whose daughter he eventually married, and where Raden Patah was his fellow student. He later established his schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope
The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the pope was the sovereign or head of state of the Papal States, and since 1929 of the much smaller Vatican City state. From a Catholic viewpoint, the primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom Petrine primacy, primacy was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built. The current pope is Leo XIV, who was elected on 8 May 2025 on the second day of the 2025 papal conclave. Although his office is called the papacy, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, jurisdiction of the episcopal see is called the Holy See. The word "see" comes from the Latin for 'seat' or 'chair' (, refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wali Sanga
''Wali Songo'' (), also transcribed as ''Wali Sanga'', are revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, because of their historic role in the spread of Islam in Indonesia. The word ''wali'' is Arabic for "trusted one" or "friend of God" ("saint" in this context), while the word ''sanga'' is Javanese for the number nine. Although referred to as a group, there is good evidence that fewer than nine were alive at any given time. Also, some sources use the term "Wali Sanga" to refer to saintly mystic(s) other than the most well-known nine individuals. Each man is often attributed the title '' sunan'' in Javanese, which may derive from ''suhun'', in this context meaning "honoured". Most of the wali were also called ''raden'' during their lifetimes, because they were members of royal houses. The graves of the Wali Sanga are venerated as locations of ziarah (ziyarat) or local pilgrimage in Java. The graves are also known as ''pundhen'' in Javanese. Origins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pesantren
''Pesantren'' is a traditional Islamic boarding school in Indonesia. It is taught either in private houses, a ''wiktionary:pondok, pondok'' or a mosque, the teaching includes classical Islamic texts and ''santri'' thought, taught by Kyai, ''kyais''. According to one popular tradition, the ''pesantren'' education system originated from traditional Javanese ''pondokan'', dormitories, ashram, ashrams for Hindu, Hindus or viharas for Buddhists to learn religious philosophies, martial arts, and meditation. Institutions much like them are found across the Islamic world and are called ''pondok'' in Malaysia, Southern Thailand and ''madrasa, madrasas'' in India and Pakistan and much of the Arabic-speaking world. The ''pesantren'' aims to deepen knowledge of the Quran, particularly through the study of Arabic, traditions of exegesis, the Hadith, Sayings of the Prophet, law and logic. The term ''pesantren'' derives from the root word ''santri'' or student -- ''pe-santri-an'' or the place o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
