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Giovanni Malagodi
Giovanni Francesco Malagodi (12 October 1904 – 17 April 1991) was an Italian liberal politician, secretary of the Italian Liberal Party (''Partito Liberale Italiano''; PLI), and president of the Italian Senate. He was the third and sixth President of the Liberal International, in the periods 1958–1966 and 1982–1989 respectively. Biography Born in London, he was the son of journalist and politician Olindo Malagodi. Starting from the 1930s, he held directive positions in the Banca Commerciale Italiana. He was thus named as Italian representative of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) soon after the Second World War. In 1953 Malagodi entered the Italian Liberal Party and was appointed as the party's national secretary the following year. During his tenure, the PLI abandoned its historical identification with the ''Risorgimento'' and instead established strong ties with Confindustria, the country's leading association of industrialists. He also opposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of The Senate (Italy)
This is a list of the presidents of the Senate of Italy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to the present day. The President of the Senate of the Republic is the presiding officer of the Senate of the Republic. The President of the Senate is the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic after the President of the Republic; according to article 86 of the Constitution, the President of the Senate can act as a substitute for the President of the Republic should the latter be objectively be unable to fulfill their duties. The President of the Senate represents the Senate to external bodies, regulates debates in the Senate chamber by applying its regulations and the rules of the Constitution, and regulates all the activities of its components in order to ensure that it functions correctly. The President of the Senate, along with the President of the Chamber of Deputies, must be consulted by the President of the Republic before the latter can dissolve one or both the chambe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organisation For European Economic Co-operation
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum whose member countries describe themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. The majority of OECD members are generally regarded as developed countries, with high-income economies, and a very high Human Development Index. their collective population is 1.38 billion people with an average life expectancy of 80 years and a median age of 40, against a global average of 30. , OECD Member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of global nominal GDP (USD 49.6 trillion) and 42.8% of global GDP ( Int$54.2 trillion) at purchasing power parity. The OECD is an official United Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 Italian General Election
The 1968 Italian general election was held in Italy on 19 May 1968.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1048 The Christian Democracy (DC) remained stable around 38% of the votes. They were marked by a victory of the Communist Party (PCI) passing from 25% of 1963 to c. 30% at the Senate, where it presented jointly with the new Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (PSIUP), which included members of Socialist Party (PSI) which disagreed the latter's alliance with DC. PSIUP gained c. 4.5% at the Chamber. The Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) presented together as the Unified PSI–PSDI, but gained c. 15%, far less than the sum of what the two parties had obtained separately in 1963. Electoral system The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Italian General Election
The 1958 Italian general election was held in Italy on 25 May 1958. The number of MPs to be elected was calculated upon the population's size for the last time. Electoral system Minor changes were made to the electoral law in 1958, creating a system which would remain unchanged until its abrogation in 1993. The pure party-list proportional representation was definitely adopted for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists. For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had 9 more members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected: only 5 hoping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 Italian General Election
The 1953 Italian general election was held in Italy on Sunday 7 June 1953.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1048 "Scam law" The election was characterized by changes in the electoral law. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced a superbonus of two thirds of seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the coalition which would obtain at-large the absolute majority of votes. The change was hugely opposed by the opposition parties as well as the smaller Christian Democracy's coalition partners, which had no realistic chances of success. The new law was called "scam law" by its detractors, including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial landslide to Christian Democracy. Its parliamentarian exam had a disruptive effect: "Among the iron pots of political forces that faced in the Cold War, Senate cracked as earthenware pot." Historical ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilderberg Conference
The Bilderberg Meeting (also known as the "Bilderberg Group", "Bilderberg Conference" or "Bilderberg Club") is an annual off-the-record forum established in 1954 to foster dialogue between Europe and North America. The group's agenda, originally to prevent another world war, is now defined as bolstering a consensus around free market Western capitalism and its interests around the globe. Participants include political leaders, experts, captains of industry, finance, academia, numbering between 120 and 150. Attendees are entitled to use information gained at meetings, but not attribute it to a named speaker (known as the Chatham House Rule). The group states that the purpose of this is to encourage candid debate while at the same time maintaining privacy, but critics from a wide range of viewpoints have called it into question, and it has provoked conspiracy theories from both the left and right. Meetings were chaired by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands until 1975. The current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valerio Zanone
Valerio Zanone (22 January 1936 – 7 January 2016) was an Italian politician, who was formerly secretary and president of the Italian Liberal Party (''Partito Liberale Italiano'', PLI). He was also a senator for the Democratic Party (''Partito Democratico'', PD), and was mayor of Turin from 1990 to 1992. Biography Zanone was born in Turin. He graduated in philosophy from the University of Turin. After entering the Italian Liberal Party, he was a regional councillor in Piedmont, and was a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 1976 to 1994. In the same year he was first elected as a deputy, Zanone was appointed as national secretary of the PLI, and was later president of the same. In 1985, Zanone was appointed Minister of Ecology in the first Bettino Craxi cabinet, and was Minister of Industry during Craxi's second tenure (1986–87) and Minister of Defence in the Goria and De Mita cabinets (1987–89). He was mayor of Turin for a year and a half (1990–92). After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreotti II Cabinet
The Andreotti II Cabinet was the 28th cabinet of the Italian Republic. It held office from 26 June 1972 to 8 July 1973, for a total of 377 days (1 year, 13 days). It was also known as Andreotti-Malagodi Cabinet. He obtained the confidence of the House on July 7, 1972 with 329 votes in favor and 288 against. He also obtained the trust in the Senate on July 13, 1972 with 163 votes in favor and 155 against. The government fell due to the withdrawal of support from the PRI, following the dimming of the private cable TV "Telebiella", imposed by the minister Gioia. The government resigned on June 12, 1973. Party breakdown * Christian Democracy (DC): Prime minister, 16 ministers, 40 undersecretaries * Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI): 5 ministers, 10 undersecretaries * Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party (, PLI) was a liberal political party in Italy. The PLI, which was heir to the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1963 Italian General Election
The 1963 Italian general election was held on Sunday April 28.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1048 It was the first election with a fixed number of MPs to be elected, as decided by the second Constitutional Reform in February 1963. It was also the first election which saw the Secretary of Christian Democracy to refuse the office of Prime Minister after the vote, at least for six months, preferring to provisionally maintain his more influent post at the head of the party: this fact confirmed the transformation of Italian political system into a particracy, the secretaries of the parties having become more powerful than the Parliament and the Government. Electoral system The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Party (Italy)
The Radical Party (, PR) was a liberal and libertarian political party in Italy. For decades, inspired by 19th-century classical radicalism, the Radical Party was a bastion of anti-clericalism, civil libertarianism, feminism, liberalism and radicalism in Italy as well as environmentalism. The party proposed itself as the strongest opposition to the Italian political establishment, seen as corrupt and conservative. Although it never reached high shares of vote and never participated in government, the party had close relations with the other parties of the Italian left—from the Republicans and the Socialists to the Communists and Proletarian Democracy—and opened its ranks also to members of other parties through dual membership. The party's longtime leader was Marco Pannella (1930–2016), who served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies (1976–1994) and the European Parliament (1979–2009), leading the party in most of the elections it contested. In 1989, the PR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a Social democracy, social democratic and Democratic socialism, democratic socialist political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country. Founded in Genoa in 1892, the PSI was from the beginning a big tent of Italy's political left and socialism, ranging from the revolutionary socialism of Andrea Costa to the Marxist-inspired reformist socialism of Filippo Turati and the anarchism of Anna Kuliscioff. Under Turati's leadership, the party was a frequent ally of the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Radical Party at the parliamentary level, while lately entering in dialogue with the remnants of the Historical Left and the Liberal Union (Italy), Liberal Union during Giovanni Giolitti's governments to ensure representation for the labour movement and the working class. In the 1900s and 1910s, the PSI achieved significant electoral success, becoming Italy' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Democracy (Italy, Historical)
Christian Democracy (, DC) was a Christian democratic political party in Italy. The DC was founded on 15 December 1943 in the Italian Social Republic (Nazi-occupied Italy) as the nominal successor of the Italian People's Party (1919), Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crusader shield (''scudo crociato''). As a Catholic-inspired, centrist, catch-all party comprising both centre-right and centre-left political factions, the DC played a dominant role in the politics of Italy for fifty years, and had been part of the government from soon after its inception until its final demise on 16 January 1994 amid the ''Tangentopoli'' scandals. Christian Democrats led the Italian government continuously from 1946 until 1981. The party was nicknamed the "White Whale" () due to its huge organisation and official colour. During its time in government, the Italian Communist Party was the largest opposition party. From 1946 until 1994, the DC was the largest party in the Italian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
