|
Gilberto Freyre
Gilberto de Mello Freyre (March 15, 1900 – July 18, 1987) was a Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman born in Recife. Considered one of the most important sociologists of the 20th century, his best-known work is a sociological treatise named '' Casa-Grande & Senzala'' (literally, "The main house and the slave quarters", usually translated into English as ''The Masters and the Slaves''). Life and work Freyre had an internationalist academic career, having studied at Baylor University, Texas from the age of eighteen and then at Columbia University, where he got his master's degree under the tutelage of William Shepperd. At Columbia, Freyre was a student of the anthropologist Franz Boas. After coming back to Recife in 1923, Freyre spearheaded a handful of writers in a Brazilian regionalist movement. After working extensively as a journalist, he was made head of cabinet of the Governor of the State of Pernambuco, Está ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recife
Recife ( , ) is the Federative units of Brazil, state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil, on the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of South America. It is the largest urban area within both the North Region, Brazil, North and the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of Brazil. It is the largest city in Pernambuco state, and the fourth-largest urban area in all of Brazil; the Metropolitan area, metro population of the city of Recife was 3,726,974 in 2022. Recife was founded in 1537, serving as the main harbor of the Captaincy of Pernambuco—known for its Brazilian sugar cycle, large-scale production of sugar cane. At one point, it was known as Mauritsstad, when it served as the capital city of the 17th century colony of New Holland (Brazil), New Holland of Dutch Brazil (founded by the Dutch West India Company). Situated at the confluence of the Beberibe River, Beberibe and Capibaribe River, Capibaribe rivers, before they drain into the South Atlantic Ocean, Recife is a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford
Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth governor of and then-incumbent United States senator representing California) and his wife, Jane, in memory of their only child, Leland Jr. The university admitted its first students in 1891, opening as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. It struggled financially after Leland died in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, university provost Frederick Terman inspired an entrepreneurial culture to build a self-sufficient local industry (later Silicon Valley). In 1951, Stanford Research Park was established in Palo Alto as the world's first university research park. By 2021, the university had 2,288 tenure-line faculty, senior fellows, center fellows, and medical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugen Fischer
Eugen Fischer (5 July 1874 – 9 July 1967) was a German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics, and a member of the Nazi Party. He served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, and also served as rector of the Frederick William University of Berlin. Fischer's ideas informed the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 which served to justify the Nazi Party's belief in German racial superiority to other "races", and especially the Jews. Adolf Hitler read Fischer's work while he was imprisoned in 1923 and he used Fischer's eugenic notions to support his vision of a pure Aryan race, Aryan society in his manifesto ''Mein Kampf'' (''My Struggle''). After the war, Fischer completed his memoirs. It is believed that in them he lessened his role in the genocide, genocidal programme of Nazi Germany. He died in 1967. Life Fischer was born in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, in 1874. He studied medicine, folkloristics, history, anatomy, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miscegenation
Miscegenation ( ) is marriage or admixture between people who are members of different races or ethnicities. It has occurred many times throughout history, in many places. It has occasionally been controversial or illegal. Adjectives describing miscegenation include "interethnic", "mixed-race", "multiethnic", "multiracial", and " interracial". Etymological history ''Miscegenation'' comes from the Latin , 'to mix' and , 'kind'. The word was coined in an anonymous propaganda pamphlet published in New York City in December 1863, during the American Civil War. The pamphlet was entitled '' Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro''. It purported to advocate the intermarriage of whites and blacks until they were indistinguishably mixed, and further asserted that this was a goal of the Republican Party. The pamphlet was a hoax concocted by Democrats to discredit the Republicans by imputing to them what were then radical vie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusotropicalism
Lusotropicalism () is a term and "quasi-theory" developed by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre to describe the distinctive character of Portuguese imperialism overseas, proposing that the Portuguese were better colonizers than other European nations. Miguel Vale de AlmeidaPortugal’s Colonial Complex: From Colonial Lusotropicalism to Postcolonial Lusophony/ref> Freyre theorized that because of Portugal's warmer climate, and having been inhabited by Celts, Romans, Visigoths, Moors and several other peoples in pre-modern times, the Portuguese were more humane, friendly, and adaptable to other climates and cultures. He saw "Portuguese-based cultures as cultures of ecumenical expansion" and suggested that "Lusotropical culture was a form of resistance against both the 'barbaric' Soviet communist influence, and the also 'barbarian' process of Americanization and capitalist expansion." In addition, by the early 20th century, Portugal was by far the European colonial power with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humberto Castelo Branco
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (20 September 1897 – 18 July 1967) was a Brazilian military officer and politician who served as the 26th president of Brazil, the first leader of the Brazilian military dictatorship following the 1964 coup d'état. He was a member of a more liberal "legalist" faction within the regime, as opposed to his more authoritarian successors. His administration was marked by the consolidation of the military regime. One of his first acts was the enactment of Institutional Act No. 2, which abolished the multi-party system in the country and granted the President of the Republic the power to revoke the mandates of congressmen and call for indirect elections. In Brazilian foreign policy, he began to seek economic, political, and military support from the United States. He was the son of General Cândido Borges Castelo Branco, the sixth grandson of the eleventh Lord of Pombeiro and his wife, the ninth Lady of Belas, and his wife Antonieta de Alencar Gur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio De Oliveira Salazar
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language–speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male baby names in the United States since the late 19th century and has been among the top 200 since the mid 20th century. In the English language, it is translated as Anthony, and has some female derivatives: Antonia, Antónia, Antonieta, Antonietta, and Antonella'. It also has some male derivatives, such as Anthonio, Antón, Antò, Antonis, Antoñito, Antonino, Antonello, Tonio, Tono, Toño, Toñín, Tonino, Nantonio, Ninni, Totò, Tó, Tonini, Tony, Toni, Toninho, Toñito, and Tõnis. The Portuguese equivalent is António (Portuguese orthography) or Antônio (Brazilian Portuguese). In old Portuguese the form Antão was also used, not just to differentiate between older and younger but also between more and less important. In Gali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Vasconcelos
José Vasconcelos Calderón (28 February 1882 – 30 June 1959), called the "cultural " of the Mexican Revolution, was an important Mexicans, Mexican writer, philosopher, and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of the "La raza cósmica, cosmic race" affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic policies. Early life Vasconcelos was born in Oaxaca, Oaxaca, on February 28, 1882, the son of a customs official. José's mother, a pious Catholic, died when José was 16. The family moved to the border town of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, where he grew up attending school in Eagle Pass, Texas. He became bilingual in English and Spanish, which opened doors to the English-speaking world. The family also lived in Campeche while the northern border area was unstable. His time living on the Texas border likely contributed to fostering his idea of the Mexican "cosmic race" and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Ortiz Fernández
Fernando Ortiz Fernández (16 July 1881 – 10 April 1969) was a Cuban essayist, anthropologist, ethnomusicologist and scholar of Afro-Cuban culture. Ortiz was a prolific polymath dedicated to exploring, recording, and understanding all aspects of indigenous Cuban culture. Ortiz has been called the "third discoverer of Cuba", after Christopher Columbus and Alexander von Humboldt. A title first given to him by his secretary Rubén Martínez Villena and later echoed and published by Juan Marinello. Ortiz is widely recognized as a pioneering figure in postcolonial Latin American thought, as well as a foundational voice in African American anthropology. One of Ortiz's most influential contributions is his coining of the term "transculturation," which describes the complex process of cultural convergence and exchange. Early life and education Ortiz was born in Havana. He was son of Don Rosendo Ortiz y Zorrilla and Doña Josefa Fernández y González del Real. When he was two year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliveira Viana
Francisco José de Oliveira Viana (June 20, 1883 – March 28, 1951) was a Brazilian professor, jurist, historian, sociologist, and an ''imortal'' of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He has been described as a conservative political theorist. Biography Son of Francisco José de Oliveira Viana and Balbina Rosa de Azeredo, he studied at Carlos Alberto school, at Niterói, where he concluded the prep course, enrolling at Faculdade Livre de Direito, at Rio de Janeiro, which nowadays is the National Law College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), where he graduated in 1906. He soon got a chair in the Fluminense Federal University Law School, in Niterói- then Rio de Janeiro's capital city- as a teacher of Penal Process, in 1916. After being off the teaching body, returns to it in 1930, occupying a new chair in the Law Course, one of which he would be one of the more expressive holders: the Social Law chair (later known as Industrial Law and further as Labor Law). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euclides Da Cunha
Euclides da Cunha (, January 20, 1866 – August 15, 1909) was a Brazilian journalist, sociologist and engineer. His most important work is '' Os Sertões'' (''Rebellion in the Backlands''), a non-fictional account of the military expeditions promoted by the Brazilian government against the rebellious village of Canudos, known as the War of Canudos. This book was a favorite of Robert Lowell, who ranked it above Tolstoy. Jorge Luis Borges also commented on it in his short story " Three Versions of Judas". The book was translated into English by Samuel Putnam and published by the University of Chicago Press in 1944. It remains in print. He was heavily influenced by Naturalism and its Darwinian proponents. '' Os Sertões'' characterised the coast of Brazil as a chain of civilisations while the interior remained more primitive. He occupied the 7th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1903 until his death in 1909. He served as inspiration for the character of ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sílvio Romero
Sílvio Vasconcelos da Silveira Ramos Romero (April 21, 1851 – June 18, 1914) was a Brazilian " Condorist" poet, essayist, literary critic, professor, journalist, historian and politician. He founded and occupied the 17th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1914. Life Romero was born in the city of Lagarto, in the State of Sergipe, in 1851, to André Ramos Romero, a Portuguese salesman, and Maria Joaquina Vasconcelos da Silveira. He graduated in Law at the Faculdade de Direito do Recife in 1873, and would work for many newspapers of Pernambuco and Rio during the 1870s. In 1875, he was elected a provincial deputy for the city of Estância. His first poetry book, ''Cantos do Fim do Século'', was published in 1878. In 1879 he moved to Rio de Janeiro and served as Philosophy teacher for the Colégio Pedro II between 1881 and 1910. He died in 1914. Works * ''Cantos do Fim do Século'' (1878) * ''Cantos Populares do Brasil'' (1883) * ''Úl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
