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Gigantorhynchus Echinodiscus
''Gigantorhynchus'' is a genus of Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms) that parasitize marsupials, anteaters, and possibly baboons by attaching themselves to the intestines using their hook-covered proboscis. Their life cycle includes an egg stage found in host feces, a cystacanth (larval) stage in an intermediate host such as termites, and an adult stage where cystacanths mature in the intestines of the host. This genus is characterized by a cylindrical proboscis with a crown of robust hooks at the apex followed by numerous small hooks on the rest of the proboscis, a long body with pseudosegmentation, filiform lemnisci, and ellipsoid testes. The largest known specimen is the female ''G. ortizi'' with a length of around and a width of . Genetic analysis on one species of ''Gigantorhynchus'' places it with the related genus ''Mediorhynchus'' in the family Gigantorhynchidae. Six species in this genus are distributed across Central and South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
28S Ribosomal RNA
28S ribosomal RNA is the structural ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for the large subunit (LSU) of eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes, and thus one of the basic components of all eukaryotic cells. It has a size of 25S in plants and 28S in mammals, hence the alias of 25S–28S rRNA. Combined with 5.8S rRNA to the 5' side, it is the eukaryotic nuclear homologue of the prokaryotic 23S and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNAs. Use in phylogeny The genes coding for 28S rRNA are referred to as 28S rDNA. The comparison of the sequences from these genes are sometimes used in molecular analysis to construct phylogenetic trees, for example in protists, fungi, insects, arachnids, tardigrades, and vertebrates. Structure The 28S rRNA is typically 4000–5000 nt long. Some eukaryotes cleave 28S rRNA into two parts before assembling both into the ribosome, a phenomenon termed the "hidden break". Databases Several databases provide alignments and annotations of LSU rRNA sequences for compar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolkata
Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary financial and commercial centre of eastern and northeastern India. Kolkata is the seventh most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 4.5 million (0.45 crore) while its metropolitan region Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the third most populous metropolitan region of India with a metro population of over 15 million (1.5 crore). Kolkata is regarded by many sources as the cultural capital of India and a historically and culturally significant city in the historic region of Bengal.————— The three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apex
The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Nils Styger Abyss is a mutant and the half-brother of Nightcrawler (character) ..., a teenaged super villainess in the Marvel Universe * Ape-X, a super-intelligent ape in the Squadron Supreme universe *Apex, a genetically engineered human population in the TV series ''The Crossing'' * APEX Medical Hospital, a fictional hospital in the Filipino TV series '' Abot-Kamay na Pangarap'' Music * ''Apex'' (album), by Canadian heavy metal band Unleash the Archers * Apex (band), a Polish heavy metal band * Apex (musician) (1981–2017), British drum and bass music producer and DJ * The Apex Theory, the former name of the alternative rock band Mt. Helium *Lord Apex, a rapper from West London, UK Vid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantorhynchida
Gigantorhynchida is an order containing a single family, Gigantorhynchidae of Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms) that parasitize vertebrates by attaching themselves to the intestinal wall of their host. There are over 60 species classified into three genera in Gigantorhynchida '' Gigantorhynchus'', '' Intraproboscis'', and '' Mediorhynchus''. Taxonomy Phylogenetically, the family Gigantorhynchidae is sister to the family Moniliformidae, represented by sequences of ''Moniliformis Moniliformis'' that form a supported monophyletic group. The group formed by Gigantorhynchidae and Moniliformidae suggest it to be a sister to the group formed by sequences of ''Macracanthorhynchus ingens'' and ''Oncicola venezuelensis'' A new taxonomic analysis has been performed. Genera Gigantorhynchida contains three genera. Gigantorhynchus The genus ''Gigantorhynchus'' contains six species with ''G. echinodiscus'' as the type species. It was described by Hama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moniliformidae
Moniliformidae is a family of parasitic spiny-headed (or thorny-headed) worms. It is the only family in the Moniliformida order and contains three genera: ''Australiformis'' containing a single species, ''Moniliformis'' containing eighteen species and ''Promoniliformis'' containing a single species. Genetic analysis have determined that the clade is monophyletic despite being distributed globally. These worms primarily parasitize mammals, including humans in the case of ''Moniliformis moniliformis'', and occasionally birds by attaching themselves into the intestinal wall using their hook-covered proboscis. The intermediate hosts are mostly cockroaches. The distinguishing features of this order among archiacanthocephalans is the presence of a cylindrical proboscis with long rows of hooks with posteriorly directed roots and proboscis retractor muscles that pierce both the posterior and ventral end or just posterior end of the receptacle. Infestation with Monoliformida species can c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moniliformis Moniliformis
''Moniliformis moniliformis'' is a parasite of the Acanthocephala phylum in the family Moniliformidae. The adult worms are usually found in intestines of rodents or carnivores such as cats and dogs. The species can also infest humans, though this is rare. Distribution Infested rats have been found world-wide. Cases of human infestation by ''Moniliformis moniliformis'' have been reported in the United States, Iran, Iraq, and Nigeria.]" target="_blank" class="mw-redirect" title=""> "Acanthocephalan Worms." Gideon. Gideon Informatics. Web. Morphology Acanthocephalans do not have digestive tracts and absorb nutrients through the Tegument (helminth), tegument, the external layer. The scolex of this worm has a cylindrical proboscis and a multitude of curved hooks. The main parts of the ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephridiacanthus Major
''Nephridiacanthus'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae. The species of this genus are found in Africa. Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on one of the species in the genus, ''N. major''. Description Species There are eight species in the genus ''Nephridiacanthus''. *''Nephridiacanthus gerberi'' *''Nephridiacanthus kamerunensis'' *''Nephridiacanthus longissimus'' *''Nephridiacanthus major'' ''N. major'' has been found infesting the long-eared hedgehog (''Hemiechinus auritus'') and the southern white-breasted hedgehog (''Erinaceus concolor'') in Iran, Germany, Morocco, central Asia, Egypt, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Lebanon, Sicily, Italy, Nigeria, Turkey and Mongolia. Phylogenetic analysis has been done on the small subunit ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c genes, and have determined that it belongs to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae. *''Nephridiacanthus manisensis'' *''Nephridiacanthus maroccanus'' *''Nephridiacanthus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligacanthorhynchus Tortuosa
''Oligacanthorhynchus'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae. Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on one of the species in the genus, ''O.tortuosa''. Description The trunk is cylindrical and smooth or irregularly ringed. The proboscis is generally globular being somewhat longer than it is wide and has stout hooks in left handed spiral rows, with their point obliquely cut and their root produced forwards. The proboscis receptacle consists of a thick inner wall i inserted into inside of proboscis which is shrinks along the ventral side, and a thinner outer wall inserted at base of neck. A series of intercommunicating spaces branching from two median main vessels and numerous longitudinal and circular anastomoses in the hypodermis form the lacunar system. Protonephridia are present. The lemnisci are filiform with a central canal and numerous nuclei. In the far posterior of the male, there are testes and eight cement glands us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncicola Venezuelensis
''Oncicola'' is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae. ''Oncicola'' belongs to the phylum Acanthocephalans that include many thorny-headed worms. This family contains 12 genera including the genus ''Oncicola''. ''Oncicola'' is a part of the phylum Acanthocephalans that include many thorny-headed worms. The name comes from the prefix onc- meaning “barbed” and -cola meaning “to inhabit” in Latin. It was named and discovered in 1916 by Travassos. These worms are defined by their parasitic nature which involves hook structures found at their front end. Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on one of the species in the genus, ''O. venezuelensis''. Description Each worm is around 8–15 mm long with males typically being smaller than the females. They are typically white to yellow in color and globular shaped. They have a short proboscis at the front of the body with around 36 small hooks that vary in shape and size. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macracanthorhynchus Ingens
''Macracanthorhynchus'', also known as the giant thorny-headed worm of swine, is a member of the Oligacanthorhynchidae which contains four species. Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on at least one of the four species in the genus, '' M. ingens'', and confirms that this species beongs to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae. The type species is '' M. hirudinaceus''. Description ''Macracanthorhynchus '' consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a long trunk. Species There are four species in the genus Macracanthorhynchus. *''Macracanthorhynchus catulinus'' Kostylev, 1927 The encysted larvae of ''M. catulinus'' beetle '' Adesmia gebleri'' from the Kara Kum region are 6.32 mm long and have a proboscis 0.57 mm long with 12 longitudinal rows of three hooks each. The size of the hooks varies from 0.25 mm to 0.11 mm. Small vertebrates, such as the badger and weasel may be reservoir hosts. Pre-acanthellae and acanthellae of ''M. catulinus'' were found infesting '' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligacanthorhynchidae
Oligacanthorhynchida is an order containing a single parasitic worm family, Oligacanthorhynchidae,Encyclopedia of Life www.eol.org that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates. Taxonomy and description Genera ''Oligacanthorhynchida'' contains twelve genera. Cucullanorhynchus The genus ''Cucullanorhynchus'' Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008 is named for the anterior hood. It was described in 2008 based on samples collected from the intestines of mammals between 1998 and 2004 in Vietnam. ''C. constrictruncatus'' is the only species in the genus. It has been found in the intestine of the leopard (''Panthera pardus'') in Vietnam. The trunk has an anterior hood in both sexes and a posterior constriction in females. The species name derives from this constriction near the posterior end of females. Heptamegacanthus ''Heptamegacanthus'' is a monotypic genus with ''Heptamegacanthus niekerki'' being the only species. It is a parasite of the endangered giant gold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
