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Ghuznee Medal
The Ghuznee Medal is a British campaign medal awarded for participation in the storming of the fortress of Ghuznee in Afghanistan, on 21 to 23 July 1839 by troops of the British and Indian Armies. This action, the Battle of Ghazni, took place during the First Anglo-Afghan War. This was the second medal awarded to all ranks of the British Army for a specific campaign, the Waterloo Medal being the first. It was struck in 1839 on the orders of Shuja Shah Durrani, the Shah of Afghanistan, to show his appreciation to the British forces who had helped restore him to his throne by storming the fortress. As the Shah died before the medals could be distributed, it was finally bestowed by the Governor-General of India in the name of the Government of India. Description The medal was based on a design by John Luard, a British army officer and artist, and struck at the Calcutta Mint. It is silver and in diameter, with the following design: The obverse depicts the fortress of Ghuznee wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Of Afghanistan
This article lists the heads of state of Afghanistan since the foundation of the first modern Afghan state, the Hotak Empire, in 1709. History The Hotak Empire was formed after a successful uprising led by Mirwais Hotak and other Afghan tribal chiefs from the Kandahar region against Mughal and Safavid Persian rule. After a long series of wars, the Hotak Empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani Afghan Empire, founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747. After the collapse of the Durrani Empire in 1823, the Barakzai dynasty founded the Emirate of Kabul, later known as the Emirate of Afghanistan. The Durrani dynasty regained power in 1839, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, when former ruler Shah Shujah Durrani seized the throne under the British auspices. Shah Shujah was assassinated in 1842, following the British retreat. Afterwards the Barakzai dynasty regained power, eventually transformed the Emirate into the Kingdom of Afghanistan in 1926, and ruled the country (with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ghazni Province
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candahar, Ghuznee, Cabul Medal
The Candahar, Ghuznee, Cabul Medal was awarded to those who took part in the Kabul Expedition (1842), campaign in the spring and summer of 1842, under the command of General William Nott (British general), William Nott, to restore British standing in Afghanistan after earlier defeats during the First Anglo-Afghan War. The medal was approved by General Order at Shimla, Simla by the Honourable East India Company on 4 October 1842. Approximately 22,100 were awarded, about 4,400 to members of the British Army and 17,700 to the mainly native British Indian Army, forces of the Honourable East India Company. Appearance The medal, designed by William Wyon, was silver and in diameter, with the following design:The obverse shows the diademed head Queen Victoria facing left with the inscription 'VICTORIA VINDEX', Vindex translating as 'Protector'.Four different reverses were struck, indicating the campaigns in which the recipient served:'CANDAHAR 1842' within a laurel wreath, surmounted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal For The Defence Of Kelat-I-Ghilzie
The Kelat-I-Ghilzie Medal is a campaign medal issued by the East India Company, British East India Company, to the defenders of the fort at Kelat-I-Ghilzie during the First Anglo-Afghan War. History After the massacre of William George Keith Elphinstone, General Elphinstone's Army during the 1842 retreat from Kabul, the only forces left in Afghanistan were at Jalalabad and Kelat-I-Ghilzie, a fort between Kabul and Kandahar. The garrison numbering 932, (55 Europeans and 877 Natives), consisted of Shah Shoja, Shah Shoja's 3rd Infantry Battalion, three companies of the 43rd Bengal Native Infantry, forty European gunners, sixty Bombay Sappers and Miners, and eight British officers, all under the command of Captain John Halket Craigie. All were members of the British Indian Army, Indian Army, with no British Army units present. For most of the winter, the garrison was besieged under very difficult circumstances. Finally, on 19 May 1842, a force was sent to draw off the garrison and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Jellalabad
The Battle of Jalalabad in 1842 was an Afghan siege of the isolated British outpost at Jalalabad, about east of Kabul during the First Anglo-Afghan War. The siege was lifted after five months when a British counterattack routed the Afghans, driving them back to Kabul. Battle The outpost was no more than a wide place in the road with a fort, held by about 2,000 troops under General Sir Robert Sale. After the massacre of the British force during their retreat from Kabul in January 1842, Jalalabad was surrounded by Afghan forces, which launched a series of attacks on the force. The British managed to beat off the assaults, and even captured 300 sheep from the besieging force when rations ran short. Eventually, after five months under siege, Sale mounted an attack against the Afghan forces on 7 April. The British captured the main Afghan camp along with all the baggage, stores, guns, and horses. Driven in a rout the Afghans fled to Kabul. The following day George Pollock's Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jellalabad Medals
The Jellalabad Medal was a campaign medal issued by the British East India Company. It was established by Lord Ellenborough, the Governor-General of India, on 30 April 1842.The medal was awarded for the defence of Jalalabad from 12 November 1841 to 7 April 1842, during the First Afghan War, to the troops under the command of Sir Robert Sale. About 2,600 soldiers took part, including the 13th Foot (the only British Army unit present), the 35th Bengal Native Infantry, as well as detachments from other Indian Army units and some loyal Afghan forces. In addition to the medal, the 13th Foot were permitted to show a Mural Crown and the battle honour 'Jellalabad' on its colours and regimental badge. Appearance Two different versions of the Jellalabad Medal were awarded. The original medal was produced by the Calcutta Mint. It is silver and in diameter. Obverse: A mural crown with 'JELLALABAD' above. Reverse: The date 'VII APRIL 1842' over three lines. Suspension: A straight steel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurel Wreath
A laurel wreath is a symbol of triumph, a wreath (attire), wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen. It was also later made from spineless butcher's broom (''Ruscus hypoglossum'') or cherry laurel (''Prunus laurocerasus''). It is worn as a Chaplet (headgear), chaplet around the head, or as a garland around the neck. Wreaths and crowns in antiquity, including the laurel wreath, trace back to Ancient Greek culture, Ancient Greece. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo, who is patron of lyrical poetry, musical performance and skill-based athletics, is conventionally depicted wearing a laurel wreath on his head in all three roles. Wreaths were awarded to victors in athletic competitions, including the ancient Ancient Olympic Games, Olympics; for victors in athletics they were made of wild olive tree known as ''"kotinos"'' (), (sc. at Olympia, Greece, Olympia) – and the same for winners of musical and poetic competitions. In a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mural Crown
A mural crown () is a Crown (headgear), crown or headpiece representing city walls, fortified tower, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the ancient Rome, Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry. Usage in ancient times Early appearances of the mural crown occur in the Achaemenid Empire, where they resemble crenelations on Mesopotamian and Persian buildings. In Hellenistic period, Hellenistic culture, a mural crown identified Tutelary deity, tutelary deities such as the goddess Tyche (the embodiment of the fortunes of a city, familiar to Romans as Fortuna), and Hestia (the embodiment of the protection of a city, familiar to Romans as Vesta (mythology), Vesta). The high cylindrical ''polos'' of Rhea (mythology), Rhea/Cybele too could be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India Government Mint, Kolkata
The India Government Mint, Kolkata was first established in 1757, and was located in a building next to the Black Hole in the old fort – where the GPO (General Post Office) stands today. It was called the Calcutta Mint and used to produce coins with the mint name Murshidabad. Second mint The second Calcutta Mint was established with the modern machinery brought in 1790 from England. It was located at the site of Gillet Ship building Establishment, which had been taken over by the Stamp and Stationary Committee in 1833. The coins issued from this mint continued to bear mint name Murshidabad. Third mint In March 1824, the foundation of the third Calcutta Mint was laid on Strand Road and was opened for production from 1 August 1829. Until 1835, coins issued at this mint continued to be in the name of the Murshidabad Mint. The imposing frontage of the building of the third Mint was based on a design of the Temple of Athena in Athens, Greece, usually known as the Parthenon. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Luard
Lieutenant-Colonel John Luard (1790–1875) was a British Army officer and author of ''History of the Dress of the British Soldier'' Life He was fourth son of Captain Peter John Luard of the 4th Dragoons, of Blyborough, Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire, and his wife Louisa, daughter of Charles Dalbiac of Hungerford Park, Berkshire, born on 5 May 1790. His seven brothers included Henry Luard, a banker (father of the antiquarian Henry Luard, Henry Richards Luard) and Robert (father of the organist Bertram Luard-Selby). He served in the Royal Navy 1802–1807, and on 25 May 1809 obtained a cornetcy without purchase in his father's old regiment. Luard served in the 4th Dragoons through the Peninsular War campaigns of 1810–1814, gaining a Military General Service Medal with clasps for the battles of battle of Albuera, Albuera, battle of Salamanca, Salamanca, and battle of Toulouse (1814), Toulouse. Afterwards he served with the 16th Light Dragoons as lieutenant at the battle of Waterlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or direct rule in India. * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called ''Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India'', and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
