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Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
Mian Muhammad Ghulam Shah Kalhoro (1724 – 1772, ) was a member of the Kalhora dynasty who, in 1757, was enthroned as the 3rd Nawab of Sindh by tribal chiefs of Kalhora, replacing his brother Mian Muradyab Kalhoro. He was recognized and given the titles of Shah Wardi Khan and Samsam-ud-Daulah by the Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani. He was able to bring stability to Sindh after the rule of Noor Mohammad Kalhoro; he reorganized the country and submitted to the authority of Marathas in 1758. Ghulam Shah also ordered construction of the Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. The tomb of Ghulam Shah Kalhoro is situated in Hyderabad, Sindh. See also *Third Battle of Panipat *Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai The Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (; ) is an 18th-century Sufi shrine located in the town of Bhit Shah, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The shrine is considered to be one of the most important in Sindh, and its annual ''urs'' festival ... Notes References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian (title)
The Mian is a royal title of the Indian subcontinent, also sometimes used as a surname. Begum or Beygum, is used to describe the wife of a Mian. It is used by several monarchs of Indian states. In the Mughal Empire, ''mian'' indicated a king or a prince under the suzerainty of the Mughal emperors, Mughal emperor; it is hence roughly equivalent to the title of ''raja'', but could also take the higher meaning of ''maharaja'', in which sense it was used by the Kalhora dynasty of Sindh. It was also conferred by the Mughal emperor Jahangir upon Rajput rulers in the group of northern princely states known as the Hill States of India, Indian Hill States. The title is mentioned by the British Raj, British in ''The Golden Book of India'' as one of the principal titles used by "Mohammedan Princely States":Other Mohammadan titles sometimes equivalent in consideration to Nawab, but not always are Wali, Sultan, Shah, Emir, Amir, Mir (title), Mir, Mirza (noble), Mirza, Mian, Khan (title), Kh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawabs Of India
Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Prince. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor. In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire, for example the Nawabs of Bengal. "Nawab" usually refers to males and literally means ''Viceroy''; the female equivalent is "Begum" or "''Nawab Begum''". The primary duty of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of the Mughal emperor along with the administration of a certain province. The title of "nawabi" was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similar to a British peerage, to persons and families who ruled a princely state for various services to the Government of India. In some cases, the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Sind State
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Battle Of Panipat
The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghan (ethnonym), Afghans were supported by three key allies in Indian subcontinent, India: Najib ad-Dawlah, Najib ud-Daula who persuaded the support of the Rohilla chiefs, elements of the declining Mughal Empire, and most prized the Oudh State under Shuja-ud-Daula. Several high ranking nobles of the Mughal Empire were able to persuade Chand kingdom, Maharaja Deep Chand of the Kingdom of Kumaon, an old Himalayas, Himalayan ally of the Mughal Empire, to support the Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan side in the battle. The Maratha army was led by Sadashivrao Bhau, who was third-highest authority of the Maratha Confederacy after the Chhatrapati and the Peshwa. The bulk of the Maratha army was stationed in the Deccan Plateau with the Peshwa. Militarily, the battle pitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrine Of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
The Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (; ) is an 18th-century Sufi shrine located in the town of Bhit Shah, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The shrine is considered to be one of the most important in Sindh, and its annual ''urs'' festival attracts up to 500,000 visitors. Background The shrine was built for Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, a noted Sindhi Sufi scholar, mystic, saint, and poet who is widely considered to be the greatest Muslim poet of the Sindhi language. His collected poems were assembled in the compilation ''Shah Jo Risalo''. The shrine is 125 kilometres south of the popular Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan Sharif. Women serve as caretakers of tombs within the shrine complex. Male singers at the shrine mimic female voices by singing in falsetto to mimic heroines in Shah Abdul Latif's poetry. The Hindu ''Bhil'' and ''Kolhi'' communities revere the shrine, as Shah Abdul Latif's poetry is considered to be tolerant of other beliefs. Building complex The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marathas
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (; ; – 4 June 1772), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan province, Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan. Having rarely lost a battle, historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah. Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time", as well as one of the greatest conquerors in Asian history. Name and title His birth name was Ahmad Khan, born into the Durrani, Abdali tribe. After his accession to power in 1747, he became known as Ahmad Shah. His tribe also changed the name from Abdali, instead becoming the Durrani. Afghans often ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalhora
The Kalhora or Kalhora Abbasi () is a Sindhi Sammat clan in Sindh, Pakistan. Etymology According to the natives of Sindh, the word ''Kalhoro'' originates from the (/ Kalho) meaning ''Alone''. Origin The Kalhora belong to the Indigenous Sindhi Sammat group. They were ashrafized over time and started to claim Arab Abbasi origin after asserting they had received spiritual inheritance from the Sayed Pirs. However, their claims to Arab descent have been refuted and the author of ''Kalhora Dour-e-Hukoomat'' suggests their center was originally at Bakhar, Sindh. According to Sarah Ansari, they were likely Jamot who had lived for many years in what are now the districts of Shikarpur and Larkana in Sindh. She traces their origin to a religious mendicant of the 16th century, called Adam Shah Kalhoro, and says that the legitimacy which his religious role gave to them was significant in their subsequent veneration by many Sindhi inhabitants. The colonial British Raj officer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanafi School
The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the use of reasoning (). Hanafi legal theory primarily derives law from the Quran, the sayings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah''), scholarly consensus () and analogical reasoning (), but also considers juristic discretion () and local customs (). It is distinctive in its greater usage of ''qiyas'' than other schools. The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuk Empire, Seljuks. The Central Asian region of Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology. The Ottoman Empire adopted Hanafism as its official school of law and influenced the legal thought of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomb Of Mian Ghulam Kalhoro
The Tomb of Mian Shah Ghulam Kalhoro is a religious shrine situated in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. It is the burial place of Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro who died in 1772 and is believed to be the founder of the city of Hyderabad in Pakistan as well as the second most important figure in Sindh after Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (; 1689/1690 – 21 December 1752), commonly known by the honorifics ''Lakhino Latif'', ''Latif Ghot'', ''Bhittai'', and ''Bhit Jo Shah'', was a Sindhi Sufi mystic and poet from Pakistan, widely considered to be the .... It is the oldest building in Hyderabad. Description The Mausoleum of Kalhoro is in width and in height. The shrine is built inside a rectangular shaped fort. The interior of the tomb is a wonderful example of Sindhi art which is decorated with gildings, arc shaped windows and tiles. The arc-shaped windows are filled with terracotta grilles of geometrical patterns. Upkeep The walled enclosure of the tomb area h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Sindh by population, second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the List of cities in Pakistan by population, 7th largest in Pakistan. Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay presidency, Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway (Pakistan), M-9 motorway. Toponymy The city was named in honour of Ali, the Rashidun Caliphate, fourth caliph and cousin of Muhammad. Hyderabad's name translates literally as "Lion City"—from ''haydar'', meaning "lion", and ''-abad, ābād'', which is a suffix indicating a settlement. "Lion" references Ali's valour in battle. The city was historically known as Neroo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
