|
German Labour Law
German labour law refers to the regulation of employment relationships and industrial partnerships in Germany. History *General Commission of German Trade Unions (1892–1919) *Free Association of German Trade Unions (1897–1919) *Weimar Constitution 1919 *Betriebsrätegesetz 1920 *Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (1919–1933) *Free Workers' Union of Germany (1919–1933) *Arbeitsordnungsgesetz of 1934 *German Labour Front, the nationalised Nazi controlled union (1933 to 1945) *Strength Through Joy *Council of Trust and Factory leader *Confederation of German Trade Unions (est 1949) *Mitbestimmungsgesetz 1976 Courts and constitution *''Grundgesetz'' (1949) "Article 9 (Freedom of association). (1) All Germans have the right to form associations and societies. (2) Associations, the objects or activities of which conflict with the criminal laws or which are directed against the constitutional order or the concept of international understanding, are prohibited. (3) The right t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Company And Commercial Law Review
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The Three Degrees album), 1975 *''International'', 2018 album by L'Algérino Songs * The Internationale, the left-wing anthem * "International" (Chase & Status song), 2014 * "International", by Adventures in Stereo from ''Monomania'', 2000 * "International", by Brass Construction from ''Renegades'', 1984 * "International", by Thomas Leer from ''The Scale of Ten'', 1985 * "International", by Kevin Michael from ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * "International", by McGuinness Flint from ''McGuinness Flint'', 1970 * "International", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from '' Dazzle Ships'', 1983 * "International (Serious)", by Estelle from '' All of Me'', 2012 Politics * Internationalism (politics) * Political international, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Labour Law
United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions. People at work in the UK have a minimum set of employment rights, from Acts of Parliament, Regulations, common law and equity (legal concept), equity. This includes the right to a minimum wage of £11.44 for over-23-year-olds from April 2023 under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998. The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempt to limit long working hours. The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns. The Pensions Act 2008 gives the right to be automatically enrolled in a basic occupational pension, whose funds must be protected according to the Pensions Act 1995. Workers must be able to vote for trustees of their occupational pensions under the Pensions Act 2004. In some enterprises, such as universities or NHS foundation trusts, staff can Codeterminati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Labour Law
European labour law regulates basic transnational standards of employment and partnership at work in the European Union and countries adhering to the European Convention on Human Rights. In setting regulatory floors to competition for job-creating investment within the Union, and in promoting a degree of employee consultation in the workplace, European labour law is viewed as a pillar of the " European social model". Despite wide variation in employment protection and related welfare provision between member states, a contrast is typically drawn with conditions in the United States. The European Union, under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, article 153(1) is able to use the ordinary legislation procedure on a list of labour law fields. This notably excludes wage regulation and collective bargaining. Four main fields of EU regulation of labour rights include (1) individual labour rights, (2) anti-discrimination regulations, (3) rights to information, consult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Contract Law
German contract law is rooted in the German Civil Code (''Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch''), which went into effect on 1 January 1900. Reforms of the law since then have included the 2001 Act to Modernise the Law of Obligations. Major works in English examining the German law of obligations include ''The Law of Torts'' by European legal scholar Basil Markesinis. See also * Abstraktionsprinzip * Bank guarantee case * Drittwirkung References Further reading * Basil Markesinis, Hannes Unberath, & Angus Johnston. ''The German law of contract: a comparative treatise'', 2nd edn. Oxford: Hart, 2006. Contract A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, services, money, or promise to transfer any of thos ... Contract law {{Germany-law-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Company Law
German company law (''Gesellschaftsrecht'') is an influential legal regime for companies in Germany. The primary form of company is the public company or (AG). A private company with limited liability is known as a (GmbH). A partnership is called a ''Kommanditgesellschaft'' (KG). History In Germany, through most of the 19th century the ''Kommanditgesellschaft'' (''société en commandite'' in France) was the typical form of business organisation. A "KG" had at least one member with unlimited liability, but other investors' liability was limited to their contribution. A special concession was not required for setting up this company. The first German public company statute was the Prussian Act of 1794. In 1861 the ''Allgemeines Deutsches Handelsgesetzbuch'' or the General Commercial Code for all of Germany, as well as Austria, was enacted, which devoted a section to joint stock companies. This allowed incorporation with limited liability. Companies would be constituted with a sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Works Councils
A works council is a shop-floor organization representing workers that functions as a local/firm-level complement to trade unions but is independent of these at least in some countries. Works councils exist with different names in a variety of related forms in a number of European countries, including Great Britain (''joint consultative committee'' or ''employees’ council''); Germany and Austria (''Betriebsrat''); Luxembourg (''comité mixte'', ''délégation du personnel''); the Netherlands (''Dienstcommissie, Ondernemingsraad'') and Flanders in Belgium (''ondernemingsraad''); Italy (''comitato aziendale''); France (''comité social et économique''); Wallonia in Belgium (''conseil d'entreprise''), Spain (''comité de empresa'') and Denmark (''Samarbejdsudvalg'' or ''SU''). One of the most commonly examined (and arguably most successful) implementations of this institution is found in Germany. The model is basically as follows: general labour agreements are made at the nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betriebsverfassungsgesetz
The Works Constitution Act (, ), abbreviated BetrVG, is a German federal law governing the right of employees to form a works council. History In the Stinnes–Legien Agreement of 1918, during the collapse of the German Empire in the aftermath of World War I, an agreement was reached between trade union confederation leader Carl Legien and industrialist leader Hugo Stinnes, so that capital and labour would cooperate on an equal footing in all aspects of economic management. This was codified in the Weimar Constitution, §165. To implement this principle, in 1920 the legal predecessor ' (Works Councils Act) mandated consultative bodies for workers in businesses with more than 20 employees. All voting rights and work councils were, however, abolished by Hitler in 1933, and replaced with Nazi controlled management bodies. After World War II and the defeat of fascism, work councils were revived by collective agreements promoted under the Control Council Law No 22 (''Kontrollr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entgelttransparenzgesetz
The Transparency in Wage Structures Act () is a 2017 German law enacted to promote pay parity between men and women. The law was strongly supported by Manuela Schwesig, the Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. The law seeks to guarantee equal pay for equal work and provides mechanisms to enforce this, as well as reporting requirements for employers with more than 500 employees. Summary The Transparency in Wage Structures Act expressly prohibits direct or indirect discrimination on the grounds of gender with regard to all pay components and pay conditions in the case of equal work or work of equal value (§ 3). In this respect, it supplements the ' (AGG), Germany's general anti-discrimination law, which was enacted in 2006. Various means of enforcing this prohibition are specified in the law. Individual right to information Under the act, employers with more than 200 employees are required to, upon request, explain the basis for the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
