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Gepant
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that act as antagonists of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR). Several monoclonal antibodies which binds to the CGRP receptor or peptide have been approved for prevention of migraine. Three small molecule CGRPR antagonists are approved in the U.S. as antimigraine agents. Drugs of this class have also been investigated for use in osteoarthritis. Examples Non-peptide small molecules * Ubrogepant is approved for acute treatment of migraines *Rimegepant (BMS-927711) is approved for acute and preventative treatment of migraines *Atogepant (AGN-241689) is approved for preventative treatment of migraines *Telcagepant (MK-0974), reached phase III clinical trials; development discontinued in 2011. *Olcegepant Olcegepant (INN Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or alon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rimegepant
Rimegepant, sold under the brand name Nurtec ODT among others, is a medication used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and the preventative treatment of episodic migraine in adults. It is taken by mouth to dissolve on or under the tongue. It works by blocking CGRP receptors. In the United States, rimegepant was approved for treating acute migraine in February 2020, and its approval was extended to preventing episodic migraine in June 2021. It is produced and marketed by Pfizer. In March 2021, rimegepant was approved for medical use in the United Arab Emirates and in Israel. Medical uses Rimegepant is indicated for the treatment of acute migraine with or without aura in adults and for the preventative treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Mechanism of action Rimegepant is a small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. History Rimegepant was developed by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, which markets the drug in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubrogepant
Ubrogepant, sold under the brand name Ubrelvy, is a medication used for the acute (immediate) treatment of migraine with or without aura (a sensory phenomenon or visual disturbance) in adults. It is not indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. Ubrogepant is a small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. It is the first drug in this class approved for the acute treatment of migraine. The most common side effects are nausea, tiredness and dry mouth. Ubrogepant is contraindicated for co-administration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. History Ubrogepant, also known as MK-1602, was discovered by scientists at Merck. The effectiveness of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of migraine was demonstrated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. In these studies, 1,439 adult patients with a history of migraine, with and without aura, received the approved doses of ubrogepant to treat an ongoing migraine. In both studies, the percentages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atogepant
Atogepant, sold under the brand name Qulipta, is a medication used to treat migraines. It is a gepant, an orally active calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) antagonist. It was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2021. Medical uses Atogepant is indicated In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. There can be multiple indications to use a procedure or medication. An indication can commonly be confused with the term diagnosis. A diagnosis ... for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Research A study found that atogepant reduced the number of migraine days over twelve weeks. References External links * AbbVie brands Antimigraine drugs Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists Carboxamides Organofluorides Piperidines Pyridines Pyrroles Spiro compounds {{Analgesic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telcagepant
Telcagepant (INN) (code name MK-0974) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was an investigational drug for the acute treatment and prevention of migraine, developed by Merck & Co. In the acute treatment of migraine, it was found to have equal potency to rizatriptan and zolmitriptan. A Phase IIa clinical trial studying telcagepant for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine was stopped on March 26, 2009, after the "identification of two patients with significant elevations in serum transaminases". A memo to study locations stated that telcagepant had preliminarily been reported to increase the hepatic liver enzyme alanine transaminase Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (). It is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT) and was formerly called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and was first characte ... (ALT) levels in "11 out of 660 randomized (double-blinded) study partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olcegepant
Olcegepant (INN, code name BIBN-4096BS) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist being studied as a potential treatment for migraines. A 2013 meta-analysis found olcegepant and telcagepant were effective and safe compared to placebo. See also * Telcagepant Telcagepant (INN) (code name MK-0974) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was an investigational drug for the acute treatment and prevention of migraine, developed by Merck & Co. In the acute treatment of migraine, ... References Amines Antimigraine drugs Carboxamides Organobromides Piperazines Piperidines 4-Pyridyl compounds Quinazolines Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimigraine Drugs
Antimigraine drugs are medications intended to reduce the effects or intensity of migraine headache. They include drugs for the treatment of acute migraine symptoms as well as drugs for the prevention of migraine attacks. Treatment of acute symptoms Examples of specific antimigraine drug classes include triptans (first line option), ergot alkaloids, ditans and gepants. Migraines can also be treated with unspecific analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of ... (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen. Opioids are not recommended for treatment of migraines. Triptans The triptan drug class includes 1st generation sumatriptan (which has poor bioavailability), and second generation zolmitriptan. Due to their safety, efficacy and selectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Receptor Antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist. Antagonist drugs interfere in the natural operation of receptor proteins.Pharmacology Guide: In vitro pharmacology: concentration-response curves " '' GlaxoWellcome.'' Retrieved on December 6, 2007. They are sometimes called blockers; examples include alpha blockers, |
Cluster Headache
Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks often occur in clusters which typically last for weeks or months and occasionally more than a year. The cause is unknown. Risk factors include a history of exposure to tobacco smoke and a family history of the condition. Exposures which may trigger attacks include alcohol, nitroglycerin, and histamine. They are a primary headache disorder of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias type. Diagnosis is based on symptoms. Recommended management includes lifestyle adaptations such as avoiding potential triggers. Treatments for acute attacks include oxygen or a fast-acting triptan. Measures recommended to decrease the frequency of attacks include steroid injections, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell (journal)
''Cell'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers across a broad range of disciplines within the life sciences. Areas covered include molecular biology, cell biology, systems biology, stem cells, developmental biology, genetics and genomics, proteomics, cancer research, immunology, neuroscience, structural biology, microbiology, virology, physiology, biophysics, and computational biology. The journal was established in 1974 by Benjamin LewinElsevier: ''Cell'': Home (accessed 12 December 2008) and is published twice monthly by Cell Press, an imprint of |
Eptinezumab
Eptinezumab, sold under the brand name Vyepti, is a medication used for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. It is a monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) alpha and beta. It is administered by intravenous infusion. Eptinezumab was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2020. History The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved eptinezumab based primarily on evidence from two clinical trials (Trial 1/ NCT02559895 and Trial 2/ NCT02974153) of 1741 subjects with chronic or episodic migraine headaches. Trials were conducted at 212 sites in United States, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine and European Union. The benefit and side effects of eptinezumab were evaluated in two clinical trials of adult subjects 18 – 71 years of age with a history of migraine headaches. The trials had similar designs. Trial 1 enrolled subjects with a history of episodic migraine headaches and Trial 2 enrolled subjects with chronic migra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galcanezumab
Galcanezumab, sold under the brand name Emgality, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the prevention of migraine. It is also used for cluster headaches. Common side effects include pain or redness at the site of injection. Other side effects may include hypersensitivity reactions. A substance called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been shown to be involved in the development of migraine by widening blood vessels in the brain. Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody (a type of protein) designed to attach to and block CGRP, thereby helping blood vessels to return to their normal size. This will stop the symptoms of migraine. This drug was developed by Eli Lilly. It was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2018, becoming the third calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitor to do so. When used for migraines it costs about 7,000 per year in the United States . History In September 2018, galcanezumab-gnlm was approved i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
