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Geositta
''Geositta'' is a genus of passerine birds in the ovenbird (family), ovenbird family, Furnariidae. They are known as miners (not to be confused with the unrelated miners, ''Manorina'', of Australia) due to the tunnels they dig for nesting. There are 11 species including the campo miner (''Geositta poeciloptera'') which was formerly classified in a genus of its own, ''Geobates''. They inhabit open country in South America, particularly the Andean and Patagonian regions. They are ground-dwelling birds, somewhat resembling the larks and wheatears of other continents. They are mostly drab brown in coloration and often have a fairly long and slender beak, bill. Taxonomy The genus ''Geositta'' was introduced in 1837 by the English naturalist William Swainson to accommodate a single species, ''Geositta anthoides'' which is therefore the type species by monotypy. Swainson formally described the type species in the following year in his ''Animals in Menageries''. The name ''Geositta anthoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Miner
The common miner (''Geositta cunicularia'') is a passerine bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. Taxonomy and systematics Taxonomists assign these nine subspecies to the common miner: *''G. c. juninensis'' Władysław Taczanowski, Taczanowski, 1884 *''G. c. titicacae'' John T. Zimmer, Zimmer, JT, 1935 *''G. c. frobeni'' (Rodolfo Amando Philippi, Philippi & Christian Ludwig Landbeck, Landbeck, 1864) *''G. c. georgei'' Maria Koepcke, Koepcke, 1965 *''G. c. deserticolor'' Carl Eduard Hellmayr, Hellmayr, 1924 *''G. c. fissirostris'' (Heinrich von Kittlitz, Kittlitz, 1835) – the type species of the genus. *''G. c. contrerasi'' Nores & Yzurieta, 1980 *''G. c. hellmayri'' James L. Peters, Peters, JL, 1925 *''G. c. cunicularia'' (Louis Pierre Vieillot, Vieillot, 1816) Subspecies ''G. c. juninensis'', ''G. c. titicacae'', and ''G. c. fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slender-billed Miner
The slender-billed miner (''Geositta tenuirostris'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The slender-billed miner has two subspecies, the nominate ''G. t. tenuirostris'' ( Lafrenaye, 1836) and ''G. t. kalimayae'' ( Krabbe, 1992). Among the members of genus ''Geositta'' the coastal miner is most closely related to the common miner (''G. cunicularia'').Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Slender-billed Miner (''Geositta tenuirostris''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.slbmin1.01 retrieved April 30, 2023 Description The slender-billed miner is a large member of its genus. It is long and weighs . The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies has a pale buffy brownish face wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campo Miner
The campo miner (''Geositta poeciloptera'') is a Vulnerable species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil, and as a vagrant in Paraguay.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 28 March 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved April 15, 2023 Taxonomy and systematics The campo miner was originally placed alone in genus ''Geobates'' and has sometimes been treated there since, but genetic data place it firmly in ''Geositta''.Remsen, Jr., J. V. and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Campo Miner (''Geositta poeciloptera''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Miner
The coastal miner (''Geositta peruviana'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The coastal miner has three subspecies, the nominate ''G. p. peruviana'' Lafresnaye, 1847, ''G. p. paytae'' Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906, and ''G. p. rostrata'' Stolzmann, 1926. Among the members of genus ''Geositta'' the coastal miner is most closely related to the common miner (''G. cunicularia'') and slender-billed miner (''G. tenuirostris'').Schulenberg, T. S. (2020). Coastal Miner (''Geositta peruviana''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.coamin1.01 retrieved April 30, 2023 Description The coastal miner is a small member of its genus. It is long and weighs . The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies has pale brown upperparts with slightly paler uppertail c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puna Miner
The puna miner (''Geositta punensis'') is a passerine bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 28 March 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved April 15, 2023 Taxonomy and systematics The puna miner is monotypic. Description The puna miner is a medium-size member of its genus. It is long and weighs . The sexes are alike. It has a pale grayish brown face with a buffy whitish supercilium. It is pale sandy brown from its crown to its rump; its uppertail coverts are even paler. Its tail feathers have pale tawny rufous bases, dark brownish to blackish middles, and pale tawny rufous tips. The pale basal area is progressively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovenbird (family)
Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America. They form the family Furnariidae. This is a large family containing around 321 species and 71 genera. The ovenbird (''Seiurus aurocapilla''), which breeds in North America, is not a furnariid – rather it is a distantly related bird of the wood warbler family, Parulidae. The ovenbirds are a diverse group of insectivores which get their name from the elaborate, vaguely "oven-like" clay nests built by the horneros, although most other ovenbirds build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock.Remsen, J. V., Jr. 2003. Family Furnariidae (ovenbirds). Pages 162–357 in J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie eds. Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 8, broadbills to tapaculos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. The Spanish word for "oven" (''horno'') gives the horneros their name. Furnariid nests are always constructed with a cover, and up t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andean
The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long and wide (widest between 18°S and 20°S latitude) and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from south to north through seven South American countries: Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto, and La Paz. The Altiplano Plateau is the world's second highest after the Tibetan Plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes. The Andes are the highest mountain ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated as subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific name, infraspecific ranks, such as variety (botany), variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, bacterial nomenclature and virus clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suboscines
The Tyranni (suboscines) are a suborder of passerine birds that includes more than 1,000 species, a large majority of which are South American. It is named after the type genus '' Tyrannus''. These have a different anatomy of the syrinx musculature than the oscines (songbirds of the larger suborder Passeri), hence the common name of ''suboscines''. The suboscines originated in South America about 50 million years ago and dispersed into the Old World likely via a trans-Atlantic route during the Oligocene. Their presence in the early Oligocene of Europe is well documented by several fossil specimens. Systematics The suborder Tyranni is divided into two infraorders: the Eurylaimides and the Tyrannides. The New Zealand wrens in the family Acanthisittidae are placed in a separate suborder Acanthisitti. The phylogenetic relationships of the 16 families in the Tyranni suborder is shown below. The cladogram is based on a large molecular genetic study by Carl Oliveros and collaborato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
