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George W. Howard
George Washington Howard (November 16, 1848 – February 25, 1940) was an American railway worker and trade union official. Howard is best remembered as the head of the Brotherhood of Railway Conductors (BRC), a rival to the Order of Railway Conductors (ORC) that was established in 1885 and later absorbed into the ORC in 1891. Howard was also the Vice President of the American Railway Union from 1893 to 1894, and was a significant figure in the failed Pullman Strike of 1894. Biography Early years George Washington Howard was born in Lawrence County, Illinois. He began his career as a newsboy, working on the Evansville and Crawfordsville Railroad. During the American Civil War, Howard served in the Union Army for two years in Company F of the 58th Indiana Infantry Regiment. As a young man, Howard worked various railroad jobs, from the dangerous job of brakeman to general superintendent. Among other companies, Howard worked for the Louisville, New Albany, and Chicago Railroa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence County, Illinois
Lawrence County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,280. Its county seat is Lawrenceville. History Lawrence County was formed in 1821 out of Crawford and Edwards counties. It was named for Capt. James Lawrence, who was killed in action during the War of 1812 while commanding the frigate . Mortally wounded, he gave his men the famous last order, "Don't give up the ship." File:Lawrence County Illinois 1821.png, Lawrence County from its creation in 1821 to 1824 File:Lawrence_County_Illinois_1824.png, Lawrence County between 1824 and 1841 File:Lawrence County Illinois 1841.png, Lawrence County in 1841, when the creation of Richland County reduced Lawrence to its current size Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water. Climate and weather In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Lawrenceville have ranged from a low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronado, California
Coronado (Spanish language, Spanish for "Crowned") is a resort town, resort city in San Diego County, California, United States, across San Diego Bay from downtown San Diego. It was founded in the 1880s and incorporated in 1890. Its population was 20,192 in 2020. Coronado is a tied island which is connected to the mainland by a tombolo (a sandy isthmus) called Silver Strand (San Diego), Silver Strand. Along the coast of Southern California lie four islands that were spotted by Sebastián Vizcaíno, Sebastian Vizcaino and his crew. They named them "Los Coronados". In the mid-1880s, businessmen bought the peninsula near Los Coronados with hopes to turn it into a resort. Later in 1886, the owners of this peninsula hosted a naming contest with the people resulting in the name "Miramar" winning, which was soon overturned due to the public not being satisfied with the name, so they borrowed from their cousin islands "Los Coronados" and named it "Coronado". Coronado is the Spanish lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouachita River
The Ouachita River ( ) is a river that runs south and east through the United States, U.S. U.S. state, states of Arkansas and Louisiana, joining the Tensas River to form the Black River (Louisiana), Black River near Jonesville, Louisiana. It is the List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem), 25th-longest river in the United States (by main stem). Course The Ouachita River begins in the Ouachita Mountains near Mena, Arkansas. It flows east into Lake Ouachita, a reservoir created by Blakely Mountain Dam. The North Fork and South Fork of the Ouachita flow into Lake Ouachita to join the main stream. Portions of the river in this region flow through the Ouachita National Forest. From the lake, the Ouachita flows south into Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine, Lake Hamilton, a reservoir created by Carpenter Dam, named after Flavius Josephus Carpenter. The city of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Hot Springs lies on the north side of Lake Hamilton. Another reservoir, Lake Hamilton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement is a social movement promoting Temperance (virtue), temperance or total abstinence from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Participants in the movement typically criticize alcohol intoxication or promote teetotalism, and its leaders emphasize alcohol (drug), alcohol's negative effects on people's Health effects of alcohol, health, personalities, and family lives. Typically the movement promotes alcohol education and it also demands the passage of new Alcohol law, laws against the sale of alcohol: either regulations on the availability of alcohol, or the prohibition of it. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the temperance movement became prominent in many countries, particularly in English-speaking, Scandinavian, and majority Protestant ones, and it eventually led to national prohibitions Prohibition in Canada, in Canada (1918 to 1920), Norway (spirits only from 1919 Norwegian prohibition referendum, 1919 to 1926 Norwegian continued prohibition ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffrage
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called active suffrage, as distinct from passive suffrage, which is the right to stand for election. The combination of active and passive suffrage is sometimes called ''full suffrage''. In most democracies, eligible voters can vote in elections for representatives. Voting on issues by referendum ( direct democracy) may also be available. For example, in Switzerland, this is permitted at all levels of government. In the United States, some states allow citizens the opportunity to write, propose, and vote on referendums ( popular initiatives); other states and the federal government do not. Referendums in the United Kingdom are rare. Suffrage continues to be especially restricted on the basis of age, residency and citizenship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Unionism
Industrial unionism is a trade union organising method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of skill or trade, thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. De Leon believed that militarized Industrial unions would be the vehicle of class struggle. Industrial unionism contrasts with craft unionism, which organizes workers along lines of their specific trades. History in the United States Early history In 1893, the American Railway Union (ARU) was formed in the United States, by Eugene Debs and other railway union leaders, as an industrial union in response to the perceived limitations of craft unions. Debs himself gave an example of the inadequacies that his fellows at the time felt towards organising by craft. He recounts, that in 1888, a strike was called by train drivers and railway firemen on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railways, but o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Industrial Union
: ''For the Fourierist organization of 1844 known by this name, see American Union of Associationists.'' The American Industrial Union (AIU) was a short-lived American labor organization launched in April 1895 in Chicago by George W. Howard, formerly of the American Railway Union. The organization was an attempt to construct an industrial unionism, industrial trade union encompassing workers from a multitude of crafts into a single trade union, labor organization. Several locals of the AIU were established in Chicago, with a total membership of approximately 500. Efforts to join forces with the ARU proved unsuccessful and the union died a quiet death late in 1895 or early in 1896. Organizational history Establishment Initial conversations about establishing a new industrial unionism, industrial union to be known as the American Industrial Union (AIU) began in March 1895, with news reports at the end of that month indicating that former United States Senate, US Senator Lyman Tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first U.S. president to serve nonconsecutive terms and the first History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democrat elected president after the American Civil War, Civil War. Born in Caldwell, New Jersey, Cleveland was elected mayor of Buffalo in 1881 and governor of New York in 1882. While governor, he closely cooperated with New York State Assembly, state assembly minority leader Theodore Roosevelt to pass reform measures, winning national attention. He led the Bourbon Democrats, a pro-business movement opposed to History of tariffs in the United States#Civil War, high tariffs, free silver, inflation, imperialism, and subsidies to businesses, farmers, or Social history of soldiers and veterans in the United States, veterans. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroad Brotherhoods
The railroad brotherhoods are labor unions of railroad workers in the United States. They first appeared in 1863 and they are still active. Until recent years they were largely independent of each other and of the American Federation of Labor. 1863–1920 With the rapid growth and consolidation of large railroad systems after 1870, union organizations sprang up, covering the entire nation. By 1901, 17 major railway brotherhood were in operation; they generally worked amicably with management, which recognize their usefulness. Key unions included the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (BLE), the Order of Railway Conductors, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. Their main goal was building insurance and medical packages for their members, and negotiating bureaucratic work rules that favored their membership, such as seniority and grievance procedures. They were not members of the AFL, and fought off more radical rivals such as the Knights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil, Indiana
Brazil is a city in Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 8,176 at the 2022 census. The city is the county seat of Clay County. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. There is a fountain from the country of Brazil; Brazil often flies the Brazilian, Indiana flag, and U.S. flag alongside one another at the fountain. History In the 1840s, the owners of the farmland that would later become the city of Brazil decided to name their farm after the country of Brazil. The city was founded in 1866. As of 2024, Brazil is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clay County, formed in 1825, originally had Bowling Green as its county seat. The county seat was relocated to Brazil in 1876 following the city's development. The Chafariz dos Contos Fountain (from " contos de réis" a former Brazilian currency) was given to the city by the country of Brazil as a symbol of friendship in 1956. It is a replica of the original fountain located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugene V
Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gene Eugene, stage name of Canadian born actor, record producer, engineer, composer and musician Gene Andrusco (1961–2000) * Eugene (wrestler), professional wrestler Nick Dinsmore * Eugene (actress) (born 1981), Kim Yoo-jin, South Korean actress and former member of the singing group S.E.S. Places Canada * Mount Eugene, in Nunavut; the highest mountain of the United States Range on Ellesmere Island United States * Eugene, Oregon Eugene ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located at the southern end of the Willamette Valley, near the confluence of the McKenzie River (Oregon), McKenzie and Willamette River, Willamette rivers, ..., a city ** Eugene, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area ** Eugene (Amtrak station) * Eugene Apartments, NRHP-listed apartment complex in Port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indiana
Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the south and southeast, and the Wabash River and Illinois to the west. Nicknamed "the Hoosier State", Indiana is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 38th-largest by area and the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 17th-most populous of the List of states and territories of the United States, 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the Union as the 19th state on December 11, 1816. Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous resistance to American settlement was broken with defeat of the Tecumseh's confederacy in 1813. The new settlers were primarily Americans of British people, British ancestry from the East Coast of the United States, eastern seaboard and the Upland South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
