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George Martinuzzi
George Martinuzzi, O.S.P.P.E. (born Juraj Utješenović, also known as György Martinuzzi, Brother György, Georg Utiessenovicz-Martinuzzi or György Fráter, ; 1482 – 16 December 1551), was a Croatian nobleman, Pauline monk and Hungarian statesman who supported King John Zápolya and his son, King John Sigismund Zápolya. He was Bishop of Nagyvárad (now Oradea), Archbishop of Esztergom and a cardinal. Name Since he usually identified himself as ''"Frater Georgius"'', he is known in Hungarian history as ''"Fráter György"''. Early years Most details of Martinuzzi's life before 1528 are uncertain. He was the youngest son of a Croatian lesser nobleman, Grgur Utješenović, and Anna Martinuzzi, who was descended from a Venetian patrician family. He was born in Kamičak Castle, near Skradin, on 18 June 1482. On the father's side, he is originating from a Hungarian noble family (Fráter from Dobra genus). His grandfather was András Mátyok-Kézi. He was still a child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Eminence
His Eminence (abbreviation H.Em. or HE) is a style (manner of address), style of reference for high nobility, still in use in various religious contexts. Catholicism The style remains in use as the official style or standard form of address in reference to a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church, reflecting his status as a Prince of the Church. A longer, and more formal, title is "His [or Your when addressing the cardinal directly] Most Reverend Eminence". Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches who are also cardinals may be addressed as "His Eminence" or by the style particular to Catholic patriarchs, His Beatitude. When the Grand master (order), Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the head of state of their sovereign territorial state comprising the island of Malta until 1797, who had already been made a Reichsfürst (i.e., prince of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1607, became (in terms of honorary order of precedence, not in the actual churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Zápolya
John Zápolya or Szapolyai (; ; ; ; 1487 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary. He was Voivode of Transylvania before his coronation, from 1510 to 1526. John came from a prominent Croatian-Slavonian noble family. His father became one of Hungary's wealthiest lords and served as Palatine of Hungary. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1514 led by György Dózsa, John gained influence through his military campaigns and by crushing the revolt, which bolstered his authority and earned him the title of "liberator of the realm." However, his power declined after his sister Barbara Zápolya, Barbara's death in 1515. And in 1528, he fled to Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569), Poland, later aligning with the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, leading Hungary to become an Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman vassal state. Rise of the Szápolya family John was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Order Of Saint Paul The First Hermit
The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit (; abbreviated OSPPE), commonly called the Pauline Fathers, is a monastic order of the Catholic Church founded in Hungary during the 13th century. This name is derived from the hermit Saint Paul of Thebes (died 345), canonized in 491 by Pope Gelasius I. After his death, the Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite was founded and still exists today, taking him as its model. History The Order was formed in 1250 by the Blessed Eusebius of Esztergom () of two communities: one founded at around 1225 by Bishop Bartholomew of Pécs, who had united the scattered hermits of his diocese, and the other consisting of his own followers. In 1246, Blessed Eusebius, Canon of the Cathedral of Esztergom, resigned his dignities, distributed his goods among the poor and withdrew to the solitude of the Pilis mountains, near Zante (probably related to present day ) to lead a life of penance with a few companions (see the ruins of the Holy Cross Monastery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Zápolya
Stephen Zápolya (; died on 23 December 1499), was Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1492 and 1499. He married Polish princess Hedwig of Cieszyn on 11 August 1483 (his second marriage), by whom he had four children: * János Zápolya (2 June 1487 – 22 July 1540), later King of Hungary; * George Zápolya (ca. 1494 – 29 August 1526), killed in action at Mohács; * Barbara Zápolya (1495 – 2 October 1515), queen consort of Poland after her marriage to Sigismund I the Old; * Magdalena Zápolya (b. ca. 1499 – 1499), died young. He was buried in the Zápolya family vault on the Szepes chapter house. Notes Sources * * * * * * * * , - 1499 deaths Stephen Stephen or Steven is an English given name, first name. It is particularly significant to Christianity, Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is w ... Palatines of Hungary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiš Castle
The ruins of Spiš Castle (, ; ; ; ) in eastern Slovakia belong to six largest castles sites in Slovakia. The castle is situated above the town of Spišské Podhradie and the village of Žehra, in the region known as Spiš (, , , ). It was included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1993 (together with the adjacent locations of Spišská Kapitula and Žehra). The size of the castle area is 3,9 ha (39,000 m2). It is administered by the Spiš Museum at Levoča, a division of the Slovak National Museum. History Origins Construction of the medieval castle on a travertine hill dates back to the beginning of the 12th century. The oldest written reference to the castle is from 1120. At the beginning it was a boundary fort placed at the northern frontier of Kingdom of Hungary. Afterwards, it became the seat of the head of Szepes county for many centuries. It was the political, administrative, economic and cultural center of Szepes County of the Kingdom of Hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedwig Of Cieszyn
Hedwig of Cieszyn (, ) (1469 – 6 April 1521) was a Polish princess. She was the only child of Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw. Life After her father's death in 1477, eight-year-old Hedwig was placed under the guardianship of her cousin, Casimir II. On 11 August 1483 she married the widower Stephen Zápolya, Lord of Trencsén (''Trenčín''). They had four children: János Zápolya (2 June 1487 – 22 July 1540), later King of Hungary; George Zápolya (ca. 1494 – 29 August 1526), killed in action at Mohács; Barbara Zápolya (1495 – 2 October 1515), Queen of Poland after her marriage to Sigismund I the Old; and Magdalena Zápolya (b. ca. 1499 – 1499), died young. Stephen Zápolya died on 23 December 1499. Hedwig remained in Hungary, where she managed the huge property left behind by her late husband. She was also a generous supporter of the Carthusian monastery of ''Lapis Refugii'' in Spiš Spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunedoara
Hunedoara (; ; ) is a municipiu, city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș (''Grós''), Hășdat (''Hosdát''; ''Hochstätten''), Peștișu Mare (''Alpestes''), and Răcăștia (''Rákosd''). The city includes the most important Gothic architecture, Gothic-style secular building in Transylvania: the Hunyad Castle, which is closely connected with the Hunyadi family. The castle was destroyed by fire five times, but underwent many reconstructions from Austro-Hungarian and later Romanian authorities. Besides the castle, the town developed as a production center for iron and a market for the mountain regions nearby. During the 20th century, Hunedoara's population increased to 86,000 inhabitants. The city contained Hunedoara steel works, the largest steel works in Romania (until Galați took the lead), but activity gradually diminished after the Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corvin Castle
Corvin Castle, also known as Hunyadi Castle or Hunedoara Castle ( Romanian: ''Castelul Huniazilor'' or ''Castelul Corvinilor;'' Hungarian: ''Vajdahunyadi vár''), is a Gothic-Renaissance castle in Hunedoara, Romania. It is considered one of the largest castles in Europe and is featured as one of the Seven Wonders of Romania. History Corvin Castle was laid out in 1446, when construction began by order of Voivode of Transylvania John Hunyadi (, ), who wanted to transform the former keep built by Charles I of Hungary. The castle was originally given to John Hunyadi's father, Woyk (Vajk, Voicu), by Sigismund of Luxembourg, king of Hungary and Croatia, as severance in 1409. It was also in 1446 that John Hunyadi was elected as the regent governor by the Diet. The castle has three large areas: the Knight's Hall, the Diet Hall and the circular stairway. The halls are rectangular in shape and are decorated with marble. The Diet Hall was used for ceremonies or formal receptions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Corvinus
John Corvinus (, Croatian language, Croatian: ''Ivaniš Korvin'', Romanian language, Romanian: ''Ioan Corvin''; 2 April 1473 – 12 October 1504) was the illegitimate son of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and his Mistress (lover), mistress, Barbara Edelpöck. Biography Early life Born in Buda, he took his name from the raven (Latin: ''corvus'') in his father's Escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon. Matthias originally intended him for the Church, but on losing all hope of offspring from his queen, Beatrice of Naples, determined, towards the end of his life, to make the youth his successor on the throne. He loaded him with honours and riches until he was by far the wealthiest magnate in the land. He publicly declared him his successor, created him a prince with vast apanages in Dukes of Silesia, Silesia (Duchy of Głogów) made the commandants of all the fortresses in the kingdom take an oath of allegiance to him, and tried to arrange a marriage for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skradin
Skradin is a small town in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia. It is located near the Krka (Croatia), Krka river and at the entrance to the Krka National Park, from Šibenik and from Split, Croatia, Split. The main attraction of the park, Slapovi Krke, is a series of waterfalls, the biggest of which, Skradinski buk, was named after Skradin. History During Classical antiquity, Antiquity, the city was known as ''Scardon'' and ''Scardona'', a name attested in the writings of Strabo and Procopius (), Pliny the Elder () and Ptolemy (). Before the Roman Empire, Roman conquest, the settlement was Illyrians, Illyrian, with the particularity of having the locally recurring suffix ''-ona''. The prevailing theory links the root of the Illyrian toponym to a term meaning "steep", as a derivation of ''*sko/ard(h)-'', and it has been compared with the Šar mountains, Scardus mountains in southern Illyria. p. 363. After an initial development in Vulgar Latin in the form ''-una'', the Illyrian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a Papal conclave, conclave, almost always from among themselves, with a few historical exceptions, when the Holy See is Sede vacante#Vacancy of the Holy See, vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. With the pope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esztergom
Esztergom (; ; or ; , known by Names of European cities in different languages: E–H#E, alternative names) is a city with county rights in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom County, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there. Esztergom was the Capitals of Hungary, capital of Hungary from the 10th until the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. Esztergom is the seat of the ''prímás'' (see Primate (bishop), Primate) of the Catholic Church in Hungary, and the former seat of the Constitutional Court of Hungary. The city has a Keresztény Múzeum, Christian Museum with the largest ecclesiastical collection in Hungary. Its cathedral, Esztergom Basilica, is the largest church in Hungary. Near the Basilica there is a campus of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University. Toponym The Roman town was called ''Solva''. The medieval Latin name was ''Strigoniu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
