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George Breitman
George Breitman (February 28, 1916 – April 19, 1986) was an American communist political activist and newspaper editor. He is best remembered as a founding member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and as a long-time editor of that organization's weekly paper, ''The Militant.'' Breitman also supervised and edited several important publishing projects as the head of the SWP's publishing house in the 1960s and 1970s. Biography Early years George Breitman was born February 28, 1916, in a working-class neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, the son of Benjamin Breitman, an iceman, and his wife Pauline Trattler Breitman.Wolfgang Lubitz and Petra Lubitz"George Breitman,"Lubitz TrotskyanaNet, May 1, 2009; p. 1. He attended public school in Newark. Upon graduation from Newark Central High School, Breitman was employed in the ranks of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He later found a job working in the New Deal's Works Progress Administration. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newark, New Jersey
Newark ( , ) is the List of municipalities in New Jersey, most populous City (New Jersey), city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat, seat of Essex County, New Jersey, Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area.New Jersey County Map New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 10, 2017. The city had a population of 311,549 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. census, and was calculated at 307,220 by the Population Estimates Program for 2021, making it List of United States cities by population, the nation's 66th-most populous municipality. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of America
The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a socialist political party in the United States formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of America who had split from the main organization in 1899. In the first decades of the 20th century, it drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, progressive social reformers, populist farmers and immigrants. But it refused to form coalitions with other parties, or even to allow its members to vote for other parties. Eugene V. Debs twice won over 900,000 votes in presidential elections (1912 and 1920) while the party also elected two U.S. representatives (Victor L. Berger and Meyer London), dozens of state legislators, more than 100 mayors, and countless lesser officials. The party's staunch opposition to American involvement in World War I, although welcomed by many, also led to prominent defections, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 census, making it the 27th-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area, and the 14th-largest in the United States. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music, art, architecture and design, in addition to its historical automotive background. '' Time'' named Detroit as one of the fifty World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore. Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional econ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth International
The Fourth International (FI) is a Revolutionary socialism, revolutionary socialist international organization consisting of followers of Leon Trotsky, also known as Trotskyism, Trotskyists, whose declared goal is the overthrowing of global capitalism and the establishment of World communism, world socialism via World revolution, international revolution. The Fourth International was established in France in 1938, as Trotsky and his supporters, having been expelled from the Soviet Union, considered the Communist International (also known as Comintern or the Third International) as effectively puppets of Stalinism and thus incapable of leading the Proletarian internationalism, international working class to political power. Thus, Trotskyists founded their own competing Fourth International. In the present day, there is no longer a single, centralized cohesive Fourth International. Throughout most of its existence and history, the Fourth International was hunted by agents of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscription
Conscription (also called the draft in the United States) is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day under various names. The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military. Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 1–8 years on active duty and then transfer to the reserve force. Conscription is controversial for a range of reasons, including conscientious objection to military engagements on religious or philosophical grounds; political objection, for example to service for a disliked government or unpopular war; sexism, in that historically men have been subject to the draft in the most cases; and ideological objection, for example, to a perceived vio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Shachtman
Max Shachtman (; September 10, 1904 – November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. He went from being an associate of Leon Trotsky to a social democrat and mentor of senior assistants to AFL–CIO President George Meany. Beginnings Shachtman was born to a Jewish family in Warsaw, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire. He emigrated with his family to New York City in 1905. At an early age, he became interested in Marxism and was sympathetic to the radical wing of the Socialist Party. Having dropped out of City College, in 1921 he joined the Workers Council, a Communist organization led by J.B. Salutsky and Alexander Trachtenberg which was sharply critical of the underground form of organization of the Communist Party of America. At the end of December 1921 the Communist Party launched a "legal political party," the Workers Party of America, of which the Workers' Council was a constituent member. Shachtman thereby joined the official communist m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 United States Senate Election In New Jersey
The 1954 United States Senate election in New Jersey was held on November 2, 1954. Republican U.S Representative Clifford P. Case defeated Democratic U.S. Representative Charles R. Howell with 48.66% of the vote. This election was decided by the fewest votes (3,507) and narrowest percentage margin (0.19%) in New Jersey history. Republican primary Candidates *Clifford Case, U.S. Representative from Rahway Declined *Robert C. Hendrickson, incumbent Senator since 1949 Results Case was unopposed for the Republican nomination. Democratic primary Candidates *Charles R. Howell, U.S. Representative from Pennington Results Howell was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. General election Candidates *George Breitman, Socialist Workers *Clifford P. Case, Republican *Fred A. Hartley, Jr. (write-in), former U.S. Representative *Charles R. Howell, Democratic *Henry J. Krajewski *Albert Ronis, Socialist Labor Campaign During the campaign, Case openly criticized Senator Joseph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 United States Senate Election In New Jersey
The United States Senate election of 1948 in New Jersey was held on November 2, 1948. Incumbent Republican Senator Albert Hawkes did not seek re-election to a second term. Republican State Treasurer Robert C. Hendrickson defeated Princeton attorney Archibald S. Alexander in a close race. This remains the last senate election in which a resident of South Jersey with elected to the Senate. Republican primary Candidates Declared *Harry Harper, Commissioner of Labor and Industry and former Major League Baseball pitcher *Robert C. Hendrickson, New Jersey Treasurer Declined * Albert Hawkes, incumbent Senator Results Democratic primary Candidates * Archibald S. Alexander, attorney and Army Lieutenant Colonel (ret.) Results Alexander was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. General election Candidates * Archibald S. Alexander (Democrat), attorney and Army Lieutenant Colonel (ret.) *George E. Bopp (Socialist Labor) *George Breitman (Socialist Workers), activist and edi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1942 United States Senate Election In New Jersey
The United States Senate election of 1942 in New Jersey was held on November 3, 1942. Incumbent Democratic Senator William Smathers ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Republican businessman Albert Hawkes. As of , this is the last time an incumbent U.S. Senator from New Jersey lost re-election, although in 2002 incumbent Senator Robert Torricelli dropped out in late September while trailing in the polls. Democratic primary Candidates * William Smathers, incumbent Senator Results Senator Smathers was unopposed for re-nomination. Republican primary Candidates Declared *George Biehl *Joseph A. Bower * Albert Hawkes, director of the United States Chamber of Commerce *Franklin W. Kielb, attorney from North Plainfield *George O. Pullen, candidate for Senate in 1938 and 1940 *Gill Robb Wilson, Presbyterian minister and founder of the Civil Air Patrol Results General election Candidates *Elmo L. Bateman (Prohibition) *William L. Becker (Socialist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
