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GeoForschungsZentrum
The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (formerly Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences), or just GFZ, is the national research center for Earth Sciences in Germany. Located in the Albert Einstein Science Park on the hill of Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Brandenburg, GFZ is part of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Helmholtz Association of National Research Centres. "GFZ" stands for ''GeoForschungsZentrum'' (Geo-research Centre). History The GFZ was founded in 1992. It is the latest in a long line of research institutes that have been located on the Telegrafenberg. These have included the Central Institute of for Physics of the Earth (ZIPE), which was an institute of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (German Democratic Republic) that was actively involved in Geodesy. The history of the GFZ can be traced back to the ', an institution of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Under the directorship of Friedrich Robert Helmert from 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmholtz Association Of German Research Centres
The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres () is the largest scientific organisation in Germany. It is a union of 18 scientific-technical and biological-medical research centers. The official mission of the Association is "solving the grand challenges of science, society and industry". Scientists at Helmholtz therefore focus research on complex systems which affect human life and the environment. The namesake of the association is the German physiologist and physicist Hermann von Helmholtz.Helmholtz Association – About Us retrieved 24-May-2012. The annual budget of the Helmholtz Association amounts to €5.8 billion, of which about 70% is raised from public funds. The remaining 30% of the budget is acquired by the 19 individual Helmholtz Centres in the form of contract funding. The public funds are provided by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telegrafenberg
The Einstein Tower (German: ''Einsteinturm'') is an Astrophysics, astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany. The Tower was built by architect Erich Mendelsohn, Erich Mendelsohn in 1924. It was built on the summit of the Potsdam ''Prussian semaphore system#Route, Telegraphenberg'' to house a solar telescope designed by the astronomer Erwin Finlay-Freundlich. The telescope supports experiments and observations to validate (or disprove) Albert Einstein's relativity theory. Although Einstein never worked there, he supported the construction and operation of the telescope. Einstein Tower is a working solar observatory today as part of the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam. History The building was first conceived around 1917, built from 1919 to 1921 after a fund-raising drive, and became operational in 1924. Light from the telescope is directed down through the shaft to the basement where the inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Chronometer
A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation. It is used to determine longitude by comparing Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and the time at the current location found from observations of celestial bodies. When first developed in the 18th century, it was a major technical achievement, as accurate knowledge of the time over a long sea voyage was vital for effective navigation, lacking electronic or communications aids. The first true chronometer was the life work of one man, John Harrison, spanning 31 years of persistent experimentation and testing that revolutionized naval (and later aerial) navigation. The term ''wikt:chronometer, chronometer'' was coined from the Greek words () (meaning time) and (meaning measure). The 1713 book ''Physico-Theology'' by the English cleric and scientist William Derham includes one of the earliest theoretical descriptions of a marine chronome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Institutes Established In 1992
Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Institutes In Germany
Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Eggert
Paul Hermann Otto Eggert (born 4 February 1874 in Tilsit, d. January 20, 1944 in Gdańsk) was a German surveyor and professor of Gdańsk University of Technology (). He was also dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering from 1909 to 1910 and from 1919 to 1920 and the first head of the Department of Geodesy at the Gdańsk University of Technology (1904-1921). Eggert was a professor at Technische Universität Berlin and its rector in 1933–1934. From 1936 to 1939, he headed the Geodetic Institute in Potsdam (—nowadays Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences). In 1900 he received his doctorate in the field of surveying and environmental engineering at the Higher School of Agriculture in Berlin, now part of Humboldt University in Berlin (then: ), where he gained his first experience in the field of advanced mathematical, geodetic and astronomical research. In 1920 he was voted member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina The German Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Bruns
Ernst Heinrich Bruns (4 September 1848 – 23 September 1919) was a German mathematician and astronomer, who also contributed to the development of the field of theoretical geodesy. Early life Heinrich Bruns was born on 4 September 1848 in Berlin to Christian Gerhard Bruns, a landscape painter, and his wife, Caroline Henriette Hasse. Education and professional appointments Bruns studied mathematics, astronomy, and physics at the University of Berlin during 1866–1871 under Ernst Kummer and Karl Weierstrass and earned a doctoral degree with a dissertation titled ''De proprietate quadam functionis potentialis corporum homogeneorum'' ("On the properties of a certain potential function of homogeneous bodies"). From 1872 to 1873 he was employed at the Pulkowa Observatory in Russia as a calculator. There he met and married Marie Wilhelmine Schleussner, who also worked as a calculator at the observatory. In 1873 he became an observer at the Observatory of Dorpat (now Tartu) in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger
Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger (21 September 1857 – 1 June 1923) was a German mathematician and surveyor Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the .../ geodesist. He became director of the Prussian Geodetic Institute of Potsdam in 1917 and wrote several books on geodesy, operational and theoretical. In 1912, he presented his "Konforme Abbildung des Erdellipsoids in der Ebene", one of the works that led to the 1923 Gauss–Krüger map projection. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Kruger, Johann 1857 births 1923 deaths German surveyors 19th-century German mathematicians 20th-century German mathematicians German geodesists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering Water distribution on Earth, 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large Ice sheet, sheets of ice at Polar regions of Earth, Earth's polar polar desert, deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers, and Water vapor#In Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earth's outer core, Earth has a liquid outer core that generates a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoid
The geoid ( ) is the shape that the ocean surface would take under the influence of the gravity of Earth, including gravitational attraction and Earth's rotation, if other influences such as winds and tides were absent. This surface is extended through the continents (such as might be approximated with very narrow hypothetical canals). According to Carl Friedrich Gauss, who first described it, it is the "mathematical figure of the Earth", a smooth but irregular surface whose shape results from the uneven distribution of mass within and on the surface of Earth. It can be known only through extensive gravitational measurements and calculations. Despite being an important concept for almost 200 years in the history of geodesy and geophysics, it has been defined to high precision only since advances in satellite geodesy in the late 20th century. The geoid is often expressed as a geoid undulation or geoidal height above a given reference ellipsoid, which is a slightly flattene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigmund Jähn
Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (; 13 February 1937 – 21 September 2019) was a German Aircraft pilot, pilot, cosmonaut, and ''Generalmajor#Generalmajor in East Germany, Generalmajor'' (equivalent to a Brigadier General in Western armies) in the National People's Army of the East Germany, GDR. He was the first German to fly into space as part of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union's Interkosmos program in 1978. He was the very last living East German holder of the title Hero of the German Democratic Republic when he died in 2019. Early life Jähn was born on 13 February 1937, in the town of Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz, located within the Vogtland region of Saxony, Nazi Germany.. His father, Paul Jähn, was a sawmill worker, and his mother, Dora Jähn, was a housewife. Sigmund attended primary school from 1943 to 1951 and then trained in an apprenticeship program as a book printer from 1951 to 1954. Shortly after the apprenticeship, he worked as a :de:Pionierorganisation Ernst Thälmann, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationale Volksarmee
The National People's Army (, ; NVA ) were the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic (DDR) from 1956 until 1990. The NVA was organized into four branches: the (Ground Forces), the (Navy), the (Air Force) and the (Border Troops). The NVA belonged to the Ministry of National Defence and commanded by the National Defense Council of East Germany, which was headquartered in Strausberg - east of East Berlin. From 1962, conscription was mandatory for all DDR males aged between 18 and 60 requiring an 18-month service, and it was the only Warsaw Pact military to offer non-combat roles to conscientious objectors, known as " construction soldiers" (). The NVA reached 175,300 personnel at its peak in 1987. The NVA was formed on 1 March 1956 to succeed the (Barracked People's Police) and under the influence of the Soviet Army became one of the Warsaw Pact militaries opposing NATO during the Cold War. The majority of NATO officers rated the NVA the best military in the Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
