Geneva Conference (1976)

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Held under British mediation, its participants were the unrecognised government of Rhodesia, led by Ian Smith, and a number of rival Rhodesian black nationalist parties: the African National Council, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa; the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe, led by James Chikerema; and a joint "Patriotic Front" made up of Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union and the Zimbabwe African People's Union led by Joshua Nkomo. The purpose of the conference was to attempt to agree on a new constitution for Rhodesia and in doing so find a way to end the Bush War raging between the government and the guerrillas commanded by Mugabe and Nkomo respectively. The Geneva Conference had its origins in the South African "détente" policy instituted in late 1974, and more directly in the peace initiative headed by the United States Secretary of State, Hen ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/G/Geneva_Conference_(1976).html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/G/Geneva_Conference_(1976).html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1976)" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Geneva_Conference_(1976)" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Geneva_Conference_(1976)" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Rhodesia.html" title="Click for more on -> Rhodesia"> <span><br><div><script src="/js/AdvertListPict.js"></script></div><br></span> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Rhodesia.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Rhodesia</a></b></big></big><br> Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to the Crown colony, British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been Self-governing colony, self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A Landlocked country, landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland Protectorate, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) to the northwest, and Mozambique (Portuguese Mozambique, a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east. From 1965 to 1979, Rhodesia was one of two independent states on the African continent governed by a White people in Zimbabwe, white minority of European descent and culture, the other being South Africa. In the late 19th century, the territory north of the South African Republic, Trans ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/R/Rhodesia.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/R/Rhodesia.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Rhodesia" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Rhodesia" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/H/Harold_Wilson.html" title="Click for more on -> Harold Wilson"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Wilson_banner.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Harold Wilson" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wilson_banner.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/H/Harold_Wilson.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Harold Wilson</a></b></big></big><br> James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from October 1964 to June 1970, and again from March 1974 to April 1976. He was the Leader of the Labour Party from 1963 to 1976, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 to 1983. Wilson is the only Labour leader to have formed administrations following four general elections. Born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, to a politically active middle-class family, Wilson won a scholarship to attend Royds Hall Grammar School and went on to study modern history at Jesus College, Oxford. He was later an economic history lecturer at New College, Oxford, and a research fellow at University College, Oxford. Elected to Parliament in 1945 for the seat of Ormskirk, Wilson was immediately appointed to the Attlee government as a Parliamentary Secretary; he became Secretary for Overseas Trade in 1947, and was elevated t ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/H/Harold_Wilson.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/H/Harold_Wilson.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilson" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Harold_Wilson" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Harold_Wilson" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/C/China.html" title="Click for more on -> China"> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/C/China.html" style="text-decoration:none;">China</a></b></big></big><br> China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land, the List of countries and territories by land borders, most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces of China, provinces, five autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, four direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and two special administrative regions of China, Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the List of cities in China by population, most populous cit ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/C/China.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/C/China.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=China" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=China" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/Z/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army.html" title="Click for more on -> Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/ZANLA_provinces_and_sectors.png" title="Click for more on -> Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ZANLA_provinces_and_sectors.png" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/Z/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army</a></b></big></big><br> Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant African nationalist organisation that participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule of Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe). Operations ZANLA was formed in 1965 in Tanzania, although until the early 1970s ZANLA was based in camps around Lusaka, Zambia. Until 1972 ZANLA was led by the nationalist leader Herbert Chitepo. He was followed by Josiah Tongogara from 1973 until his death in 1979; by then ZANLA had an estimated 25,500 combatants. With the war drawing to a close, commands fell to Robert Mugabe, previously ZANU's number two leader after Tongogara and head of the movement's political wing. Until about 1971, ZANLA's strategy was based on direct confrontation with the Rhodesian Security Forces. From 1972 onwards, ZANLA adopted the Maoist guerrilla tactics that had been used with success by the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELI ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/Z/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/Z/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/N/Northern_Ndebele_People.html" title="Click for more on -> Northern Ndebele People"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png" title="Click for more on -> Northern Ndebele People" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harris_-_Ndebelekraal.png" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/N/Northern_Ndebele_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Northern Ndebele People</a></b></big></big><br> The Northern Ndebele people ( nd, amaNdebele) are an offshoot of the Bantu found in Southern Africa. Their three related Ndebele groups in South Africa are divided into (Northern and Southern Ndebele), the Northern Ndebele of South Africa comprise three tribes, namely ndebele of Langa/Laka, ndebele of Ndzundza & Mghumbhane/ mokopone-Mashashani who are ndebele of kekana (Manala) whereas the Southern Ndebele comprise mzilikazi they are a young compared to those of Langa & Ndzundza . This "Northern Ndebele" group from Zimbabwe is not the same as the Northern Ndebele group from South Africa and the two groups are not related either genealogically or historically, however, the Northern Ndebele and Southern Ndebele of South Africa are related genealogically and historically. They speak a language called isiNdebele. The Northern Ndebele were historically referred to as the Matabele by Sotho people, for a Nguni speaking person. Sotho people called all Nguni-speaking people 'Matebe ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/N/Northern_Ndebele_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/N/Northern_Ndebele_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Northern_Ndebele_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Northern_Ndebele_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Marxism–Leninism.html" title="Click for more on -> Marxism–Leninism"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Trotsky_con_la_guardia_roja.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Marxism–Leninism" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trotsky_con_la_guardia_roja.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Marxism–Leninism.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Marxism–Leninism</a></b></big></big><br> Marxism–Leninism is a List of communist ideologies, communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its Soviet satellite states, satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the ruling parties of Chinese Communist Party, China, Communist Party of Cuba, Cuba, Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Laos and Communist Party of Vietnam, Vietnam (all One-party state, one-party 'socialist republics'), as well as many List of communist parties, other communist parties, while Juche, the state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism. Marxist–Leninist states are commonly referred to as "communist states" by Western academics. Marxism–Leninism holds that a Two-stage theory, ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Marxism–Leninism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/M/Marxism–Leninism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism–Leninism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Marxism–Leninism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Marxism–Leninism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Maoism.html" title="Click for more on -> Maoism"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Pekín_1978_18.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Maoism" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pekín_1978_18.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Maoism.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Maoism</a></b></big></big><br> Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. The philosophical difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that the peasantry is the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than the proletariat. This updating and adaptation of Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally, and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/M/Maoism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/M/Maoism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Maoism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Maoism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Shona_People.html" title="Click for more on -> Shona People"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Tonderai_Kasu.jpg" title="Click for more on -> Shona People" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tonderai_Kasu.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Shona_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Shona People</a></b></big></big><br> The Shona people () are part of the Bantu peoples, Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, primarily living in Zimbabwe where they form the majority of the population, as well as Mozambique, South Africa, and a worldwide diaspora including global celebrities such as Thandiwe Newton. There are five major Shona language/dialect clusters : Karanga, Zezuru, Korekore, Manyika and Ndau. Regional classification The Shona people are grouped according to the dialect of the language they speak. Their estimated population is 16.6 million: * Karanga people, Karanga or Southern Shona (about 8.5 million people) * Shona language, Zezuru or Central Shona (5.2 million people) * Korekore or Northern Shona (1.7 million people) * Manyika tribe or Eastern Shona (1.2 million) in Zimbabwe (861,000) and Mozambique (173,000). * Ndau people, Ndau in Mozambique (1,580,000) and Zimbabwe (800,000). History During the 11th century, the Karanga people formed kingdoms on the Zimbabwe plateau. Cons ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/S/Shona_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/S/Shona_People.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Shona_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Shona_People" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/B/Black_Nationalism.html" title="Click for more on -> Black Nationalism"> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/B/Black_Nationalism.html" style="text-decoration:none;">Black Nationalism</a></b></big></big><br> Black nationalism is a type of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a race, and which seeks to develop and maintain a black racial and national identity. Black nationalist activism revolves around the social, political, and economic empowerment of black communities and people, especially to resist their assimilation into white culture (through integration or otherwise), and maintain a distinct black identity. Black nationalists often promote black separatism, which posits that black people should form territorially separate nation-states. Without achieving this goal, some black separatists employ a "nation within a nation" approach, advocating for various degrees of localized separation. Pan-African black nationalists variously advocate for continental African unity (aiming to eventually transition away from racial nationalism) or cultural unity among the African diaspora, which entails either a return to Africa or a sustai ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/B/Black_Nationalism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/B/Black_Nationalism.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Nationalism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Black_Nationalism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=Black_Nationalism" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/U/United_Nations.html" title="Click for more on -> United Nations"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/United_Nations_organization_sketch_by_Franklin_Roosevelt_with_the_Four_Policemen_in_1943.jpg" title="Click for more on -> United Nations" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_organization_sketch_by_Franklin_Roosevelt_with_the_Four_Policemen_in_1943.jpg" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/U/United_Nations.html" style="text-decoration:none;">United Nations</a></b></big></big><br> The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, and has other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague (home to the International Court of Justice). The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future world wars, succeeding the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining internationa ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/U/United_Nations.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/U/United_Nations.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=United_Nations" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=United_Nations" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/L/List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition.html" title="Click for more on -> List Of States With Limited Recognition"> <center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Limited_recognition.png" title="Click for more on -> List Of States With Limited Recognition" width="100%;" height="auto;"><center></a> <a href = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limited_recognition.png" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none; color:#d0d0d0;">picture info</a> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/L/List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition.html" style="text-decoration:none;">List Of States With Limited Recognition</a></b></big></big><br> A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have ''de facto'' control of their territory. A number of such entities have existed in the past. There are two traditional theories used to indicate how a sovereign state comes into being. The declarative theory (codified in the 1933 Montevideo Convention) defines a state as a person in international law if it meets the following criteria: # a defined territory # a permanent population # a government, and # a capacity to enter into relations with other states. According to the declarative theory, an entity's statehood is independent of its recognition by other states. By contrast, the constitutive theory defines a state as a person of international law only if it is recognised as such by other states that are already a member of the international community. Qua ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/L/List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/L/List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=List_Of_States_With_Limited_Recognition" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> <tr; > <td width="15%"><p> <a href="/html/ALL/s/N/No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule.html" title="Click for more on -> No Independence Before Majority Rule"> </p> </td> <td valign="top"; width="75%"; > <div style="margin-left:0%; margin-right:9%";>  <div style="margin-left:2%";> <big><big><b><a href="/html/ALL/s/N/No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule.html" style="text-decoration:none;">No Independence Before Majority Rule</a></b></big></big><br> No independence before majority rule (abbreviated NIBMAR) was a policy adopted by the United Kingdom requiring the implementation of majority rule in a colony, rather than rule by the white colonial minority, before the empire granted independence to its colonies. It was sometimes reinterpreted as no independence before majority African rule. Rhodesia and South Africa In particular, the NIBMAR position was advocated with respect to the future status of Rhodesia as an independent state. British prime minister Harold Wilson was pressured into adopting the approach during a conference in London. Wilson was not initially inclined to do so, fearing it would slow the rate at which Rhodesia could be granted independence, but Lester Pearson, the Prime Minister of Canada, formulated a draft resolution committing Wilson to NIBMAR. Wilson defended the policy when it was attacked as disastrous by opposition Conservatives.<re<br><a href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/196 ... <a href="/html/ALL/s/N/No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> <br>[...More Info...] &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp <a href="/html/ALL/l/N/No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule.html" style="text-decoration:none;"> [...Related Items...] &nbsp &nbsp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"><b> OR:</b> &nbsp &nbsp [Wikipedia] &nbsp </a> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Google] &nbsp </a>    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=No_Independence_Before_Majority_Rule" target=_blank style="text-decoration:none;"> [Baidu] &nbsp </a>  </div> <br></a></a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="AdvertBottom1"> </div> <center> <script src="/js/AdvertBottom1.js"> </script> </center> <footer> <big><big> <div> <br><br> <br><br> <center> <br><a target="_top" href="../index.html"> HOME </a><br> <br>Content is Copyleft<br>Website design, code, and AI is Copyrighted (c) 2014-2017 by Stephen Payne<br><br> <a target="_top" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:LandingPage&country=US&uselang=en&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_source=donate&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org"> Consider donating to Wikimedia </a><br> <br> As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases <br></center> </div> </big></big> </footer> <div id="AddedByJS"> </div> <script src="/js/site.js"> </script> </body>