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Gaula (raga)
Gaula or Gowla (pronounced gauḷa) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a '' janya'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 15th '' melakarta'' scale '' Mayamalavagowla''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven '' swaras'' (musical notes) in the ascending and descending scale. ''Gaula'' is an ancient rāgam mentioned in '' Sangita Ratnakara'', '' Sangita Makarandha'' and ''Sangita samayasara''.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras It is an auspicious rāgam, which is mostly sung in the early part of the concert. It is a popular rāgam and also a ''ghana rāgam''. Structure and Lakshana ''Gaula'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''dhaivatam'' in the scale and does not contain ''gandharam'' in the ascending scale. It is an ''audava-vakra-shadava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'', meaning pentatonic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rāga
A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, from the perspective of the Indian tradition, the resulting music has the ability to "colour the mind" as it engages the emotions of the audience. Each raga provides the musician with a musical framework within which to improvise. Improvisation by the musician involves creating sequences of notes allowed by the raga in keeping with rules specific to the raga. Ragas range from small ragas like Bahar (raga), Bahar and Sahana (raga), Sahana that are not much more than songs to big ragas like Malkauns, Darbari and Yaman (raga), Yaman, which have great scope for improvisation and for which performances can last over an hour. Ragas may change over time, with an example being Marwa (raga), Marwa, the primary development of which has been going down ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muthuswami Dikshitar
Muthuswami Dikshitar (Mudduswamy Dikshitar) (, 24 March 1776 – 21 October 1835), mononymously Dikshitar, was a South Indian poet, singer, veena player, and a prolific composer of Indian classical music. He was the youngest member of what is referred to as the Trinity of Carnatic music. Muthuswami Dikshitar was born on 24 March 1776 in Tiruvarur near Thanjavur, in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He was born to a family that is traditionally traced back to Virinichipuram in the northern boundaries of the state. Dikshitar is credited with about 500 known compositions which are noted for their elaborate, poetic descriptions of Hindu gods, architectural descriptions of temples, and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika ( veena) style that emphasizes gamakas. They are composed in a slower tempo (chowka kala). He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha which is also his mudra which appears in each of his compositions. His compositions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koyil Puraa
''Koyil Puraa'' () is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language film directed by K. Vijayan and written by Vinu Chakravarthy. The film stars Saritha, K. Murugaiyan and Shankar. It was released on 30 July 1981. Plot Cast *Saritha * K. Murugaiyan * Shankar *P. U. C. Raja Bahadur *Silk Smitha *Samikannu *Vinu Chakravarthy * A. Veerappan * Ennathe Kannaiah * Usilai Mani Soundtrack The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja while the lyrics were written by Pulamaipithan. The song "Vedham Nee" is set in the Carnatic raga known as Gaula. Charulatha Mani identifies "Amuthe Tamizhe" as being set in Poorvikalyani, although Carnatic musicologist Sundararaman claims it is set in Rasika Ranjani, a raga he identifies "Sangeethame" as being set in, although Charulatha Mani says it is in Rasikapriya. This was the final film where the ''nadaswaram The ''nadaswaram'' is a double reed wind instrument from South India. It is used as a traditional classical instrument in Tamil Nadu, Andhra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vani Jairam
Vani Jairam (born Kalaivani; 30 November 1945 – 4 February 2023) was an Indian playback singer in Indian cinema. She is fondly referred to as the "'' Meera of modern India''" Vani's career started in 1971 and has spanned over five decades. She did playback for over one thousand Indian movies recording over 20,000 songs. In addition, she recorded thousands of devotionals and private albums and also participated in numerous solo concerts in India and abroad. Renowned for her vocal range and easy adaptability to any difficult composition, Vani has often been the choice for several composers across India from the 1970s until the late 1990s. She has sung in several Indian languages languages including Kannada, Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Sanskrit, Gujarati, Haryanvi, Assamese, Tulu, Kashmiri, Bhojpuri, Marwari, Urdu, Konkani, Punjabi and Bengali languages. Vani is the youngest artist to be awarded the "Sangeet Peet Samman". She won the National F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajkumar Bharathi
Rajkumar Bharathi is a classical singer and composer from India. He is the great-grandson of the renaissance poet Subramanya Bharathi. Rajkumar is an Electronics and telecommunications engineer graduated from the College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai. Rajkumar Bharathi a native of Chennai stands today as one of the most popular artists of his generation. He has also got a great following in the Indian state of Karnataka owing to his pleasing style of rendering ''Dasara Padagalu''. Music training Rajkumar Bharathi was introduced to music by his mother Lalitha Bharathi at the age of 5. He was also trained later under the tutelage of classical musicians like Valliyur Gurumurthy, M. Balamuralikrishna and T. V. Gopalakrishnan. For Rajkumar Bharathi it was but natural to be associated with Music owing to his families keen interest in art and literature. By the instructions of his master T. V. Gopalakrishna, Rajkumar decided to quit his job in an R&D division and devote his time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navagraha Nayagi
''Navagraha Nayagi'' () is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language devotional film, directed by K. Shankar. The film stars Vijayakanth, Nalini, K. R. Vijaya and Srividya. It was released on 7 March 1985. Plot Cast Soundtrack Soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan. Reception Jayamanmadhan of ''Kalki Kalki (), also called Kalkin, is the prophesied tenth and final incarnation of the Hinduism, Hindu god Vishnu. According to Vaishnavism, Vaishnava cosmology, Kalki is destined to appear at the end of the Kali Yuga, the last of the four ages i ...'' felt director could have pruned the length to avoid the pace lagging. References External links * {{K. Shankar 1980s Indian films 1980s Tamil-language films 1985 films Films directed by K. Shankar Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan Films with screenplays by Vietnam Veedu Sundaram Hindu devotional films Tamil-language Indian films ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Language
Tamil (, , , also written as ''Tamizhil'' according to linguistic pronunciation) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. It is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world,. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7). attested since 300 BC, 300 BCE.: "...the most acceptable periodisation which has so far been suggested for the development of Tamil writing seems to me to be that of A Chidambaranatha Chettiar (1907–1967): 1. Sangam Literature – 200BC to AD 200; 2. Post Sangam literature – AD 200 – AD 600; 3. Early Medieval literature – AD 600 to AD 1200; 4. Later Medieval literature – AD 1200 to AD 1800; 5. Pre-Modern literature – AD 1800 to 1900" at p. 610 Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders in South India, with Tamil inscriptions found outside of the Indian subcontinent, such as Indonesia, Thailand, and Egypt. The language has a well-documented history wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
Oothukkaadu Venkata Kavi (-1765) or Oottukkaadu Venkata Subramanyar was one of the pioneering composers in Indian classical Carnatic music. He lived in South India in the present-day state of Tamil Nadu. Also known by the name Oothukkaadu Venkatasubramaniya Iyer, he composed hundreds of compositions in Sanskrit and Tamil of which over 500 are available. These were handed down from generation to generation by the descendants of the composer's brother's family. Venkata Kavi's compositions reveal that he was a complete master of the science and art of music in all senses of the term – melody, rhythm, and lyrics. He was fluent in Sanskrit and Tamil. Renowned for his rare depth, scholarship and sublime appeal, he was proficient in a variety of musical forms such as the ''kriti'', '' tillana'' and '' kaavadicchindu''. He used ''taalas'' and themes that many other Carnatic composers had or have not. His compositions are a blend of a high degree of scholarship on a variety of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varnam
Varṇam is a type of composition in the Carnatic music system that encapsulates the key features of a raga, and considered as a foundational element in the learning path. Varnams capture the essence of the ragam in terms of typical swara patterns used, vishesha prayogas, highlighting the main notes (jeeva swaras), etc. This forms the basis for creative presentation (manodharma) of the raga in the form of raga aalapana, kalpana swarams and neraval. Varnams are a fundamental form in Carnatic music. All varnams consist of lyrics, Bradnock (1992), p631 as well as ''swara'' passages, including a '' pallavi'', an '' anupallavi'', ''muktaayi swaras'', a '' charanam'', and '' chitta swaras''. There are different types of varnams, such as ''taana varnam'', ''pada varnam'', ''daru varnam'' and ''ragamalika varnam''. They also come in different ''taalams'' (beat cycles). Though the most popular varnams are in ''Aadi'' and ''Ata taalas'', there are a number of varnams in other ''talas'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gopalakrishna Bharathi
Gopalakrishna Bharathi () (1811–1881) was a Tamil poet and a composer of Carnatic music. He composed the ''Kathakalakshepam'' () Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent ''kritis''. Bharathi was a contemporary of Thyagaraja whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the ''raga Ābhōgi.'' Bharathi composed overnight one of his most popular ''kritis'' in ''Rupaka Tala, Sabhapatikku Veru''. The great Tamil literary figure, U. V. Swaminatha Iyer wrote two sources for Bhaarati's life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his ''guru'' in music. Early life Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born at Narimanam, near Nagapattinam. He spent his early days in Mudikondan, near Thiruvarur. A few years later he moved to Anandathandavapuram village, near Mayavaram where he lived almost his entire life. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mysore Vasudevachar
Mysore Vasudevacharya (28 May 1865 – 17 May 1961) was an Indian musician and composer of Carnatic music compositions who belonged to the direct line of Thyagaraja's disciples. Vasudevachar's compositions (numbering over 200) were mostly in Telugu and Sanskrit. Some of his most popular kritis include Brochevarevarura in Khamas raga, ''Devadideva'' in Sunadavinodini, ''Mamavatu Sri Saraswati'' in Hindolam, ''Shankari Ninne'' in Pantuvarali, ''Bhajare Re Manasa'' in Abheri and ''Ra Ra Rajeevalochana Rama'' in Mohanam. He presided over Madras Music Academy's annual conference in 1935, when the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award did not exist. But everybody who presided over the annual conference in the 1930s was later conferred the award. He was a recipient of the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan. He is credited with two writings in Kannada, one of them an autobiography called ''Nenapugalu'' (memories) and ''Na Kanda Kalavidaru'' (the musicians I have met) in which he wrote the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swathi Thirunal
Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a great musician and composer who has to his credit over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani style. A code of laws, courts of justice, introduction of English education, construction of an observatory, installation of the first Government printing press, establishment of the first manuscripts library were amongst the many initiatives taken by Swathi Thirunal, as a King, to modernize Travancore. Early life Swathi Thirunal was born into the Venad dynasty of the Matrilineal royal family of Travancore, which is now a part of Kerala, on 16 April 1813. He was the second child of Queen Gowri Lakshmi Bayi who ruled Travancore from 1810 to 1815, and Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran of Changanasseri Palace, and the elder son. While in the womb itself, he was proclaimed King and thus was referred to as Garbha Sreemaan. He was born in Sva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
