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Gasteracantha Rubrospinis
''Gasteracantha'' is a genus of Araneidae, orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Species of the genus are known as spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens. The name ''Gasteracantha'' is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek (), meaning "belly, abdomen", and (), meaning "thorn, spine". Spiny-backed orb-weavers are sometimes colloquially called "crab spiders" because of their shape, but they are not closely related to the true Thomisidae, crab spiders. Other colloquial names for certain species include thorn spider, star spider, kite spider, or jewel spider. Members of the genus exhibit strong sexual dimorphism. Females are several times larger than males, which lack prominent spines or bright colors. Other genera in the same family are also known as spiny orb-weavers. Distribution ''Gasteracantha'' species are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Jakob Sundevall
Carl Jakob Sundevall (22 October 1801 in Högestad – 2 February 1875) was a Sweden, Swedish zoologist. Sundevall studied at Lund University, where he received a Ph.D. in 1823. After traveling to East Asia, he studied medicine, graduating as a Doctor of Medicine in 1830. He was employed at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, from 1833, and was professor and keeper of the vertebrate section from 1839 to 1871. He wrote ''Svenska Foglarna'' (1856–87), which described 238 species of birds observed in Sweden. He classified a number of birds collected in southern Africa by Johan August Wahlberg. In 1835, he developed a phylogeny for the birds based on the muscles of the hip and leg that contributed to later work by Thomas Huxley. He then went on to examine the arrangement of the deep plantar tendons in the bird's foot. This latter information is still used by avian taxonomists. Sundevall was also an entomologist and arachnologist, for which (for the latter field) in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial Gene
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for coding of 13 essential subunits of the complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system which has a role in cellular energy conversion. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits traci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Dahl
Karl Friedrich Theodor Dahl (24 June 1856 in Rosenhofer Brök north of Dahme, Schleswig-Holstein, Dahme, Holstein – 29 June 1929 in Greifswald) was a German zoologist, and in particular an arachnologist. The son of a farmer, Dahl studied at the universities of Leipzig, Freiburg, Berlin and Kiel. His dissertation (1884) was "''Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Baus und der Funktion der Insektenbeine''". He became a ''Privatdozent'' in 1887; with a habilitation thesis "''Ueber die Cytheriden der westlichen Ostsee''". Around this time he traveled to the Baltic states and (1896–1897) to the Bismarck Archipelago near New Guinea. He was also interested in biogeography. On 1 April 1898 Dahl became curator of arachnids at the ''Natural History Museum, Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde'' in Berlin, where he worked under his former teacher, the then museum director Karl Möbius. Dahl remained in Berlin until he retired, and his type collection is held in that museum. Although he described in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Acutispina
''Gasteracantha'' is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Species of the genus are known as spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens. The name ''Gasteracantha'' is derived from the Greek (), meaning "belly, abdomen", and (), meaning "thorn, spine". Spiny-backed orb-weavers are sometimes colloquially called "crab spiders" because of their shape, but they are not closely related to the true crab spiders. Other colloquial names for certain species include thorn spider, star spider, kite spider, or jewel spider. Members of the genus exhibit strong sexual dimorphism. Females are several times larger than males, which lack prominent spines or bright colors. Other genera in the same family are also known as spiny orb-weavers. Distribution ''Gasteracantha'' species are distributed worldwide in tropical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reginald Innes Pocock
Reginald Innes Pocock, (4 March 1863 – 9 August 1947) was a British zoologist. Pocock was born in Clifton, Bristol, the fourth son of Rev. Nicholas Pocock and Edith Prichard. He began showing interest in natural history at St. Edward's School, Oxford. He received tutoring in zoology from Sir Edward Poulton, and was allowed to explore comparative anatomy at the Oxford Museum. He studied biology and geology at University College, Bristol, under Conwy Lloyd Morgan and William Johnson Sollas. In 1885, he became an assistant at the Natural History Museum, and worked in the section of entomology for a year. He was put in charge of the collections of Arachnida and Myriapoda. He was also given the task to arrange the British birds collections, in the course of which he developed a lasting interest in ornithology. The 200 papers he published in his 18 years at the museum soon brought him recognition as an authority on Arachnida and Myriapoda; he described between 300 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Aciculata
''Gasteracantha'' is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Species of the genus are known as spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens. The name ''Gasteracantha'' is derived from the Greek (), meaning "belly, abdomen", and (), meaning "thorn, spine". Spiny-backed orb-weavers are sometimes colloquially called "crab spiders" because of their shape, but they are not closely related to the true crab spiders. Other colloquial names for certain species include thorn spider, star spider, kite spider, or jewel spider. Members of the genus exhibit strong sexual dimorphism. Females are several times larger than males, which lack prominent spines or bright colors. Other genera in the same family are also known as spiny orb-weavers. Distribution ''Gasteracantha'' species are distributed worldwide in tropical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrathena
''Micrathena'', known as spiny orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. ''Micrathena'' contains more than a hundred species, most of them Neotropical woodland-dwelling species. The name is derived from the Greek "micro", meaning "small", and the goddess Athena. Species with extremely long spines evolved at least eight times in the genus ''Micrathena'' and likely function as anti-predator defenses. ''Gasteracantha'' orb-weavers also have hardened abdomens with variously shaped spines, but they are not closely related to ''Micrathena'' within the orb-weaver family. These spiders are active during the daytime and build vertical orb webs. Unlike many other orb-weavers, members of ''Micrathena'' bite their prey before wrapping it. When laying eggs, females will place the egg sac on vegetation near the web. Species the genus ''Micrathena'' contains 119 species: In North America Although the genus includes over a hundred spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Diardi
''Gasteracantha diardi'' is a species of spider in the spiny orb-weaver genus ''Gasteracantha''. It occurs in Southeast Asia. Distribution The range of ''Gasteracantha diardi'' includes southern China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Borneo, and other Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Description Females of the species have very wide abdomens, much wider than long, giving them a horizontal appearance that is further accentuated by their spines. They have three pairs of spines on the abdomen. The first (anterior) pair is usually small and conical. The second (median) pair is long and strong, generally horizontal but often curving slightly backward and downward or even slightly forward. The hind pair of spines is always well-developed and intermediate in length between the first two pairs. Adult females are usually dark red or brown and can show pale yellowish or whitish stripes horizontally across the upper surface of the abdomenexample from Thailand. The upper surface of the abdomen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Kuhli
''Gasteracantha kuhli'' is a species of spiny orb-weaver spider in the genus ''Gasteracantha'', widespread from India to Japan, the Philippines, and Java in Indonesia. It is known as the black-and-white spiny spider. Description Female black-and-white spiny spiders are 6–9 millimeters wide and possess hard, shiny abdomens armed with six black conical spines. The upper surface of the abdomen is white to yellowish with variable black or dark brown markings and sigilla. The central part of the abdomen's dorsal surface is usually marked with a dark cross-like shape. From individual to individual and across the species' range, the length of the spines and the details of the coloration vary considerably. Males are much smaller at 3–4 millimeters in size, and in place of spines, they have small bumps on their abdomens. Behavior This species builds orb webs in open forests and shrubby areas and waits for prey in the center of the web. Similar species ''Gasteracantha kuhli'' is rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thelacantha Brevispina
''Thelacantha'' (Asian spinybacked orbweaver) is a genus of orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, ''Thelacantha brevispina''. It was first described by in 1882, and has been found in Australia, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia, as well as parts of Japan. It has also been introduced into Hawaii. ''T. brevispina'' is closely related to those in the genus ''Gasteracantha'' and was briefly synonymized with it in 1859, but revalidated in 1974. Saito described three other ''Thelacantha'' species in 1933, which were later synonymized with ''T. brevispina''. Description Females grow to about long, while males reach a size of . Females have six abdominal spines ending in distinct sharp points. Most have two large white spots on the upper surface of their abdomens, which are otherwise mottled with black, brown, and white patterns. Thelacantha brevispina-female.jpg, Female at Molokai, Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinacantha Globulata
''Actinacantha'' is a genus of Southeast Asian orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, ''Actinacantha globulata''. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1864, and has only been found in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... References Araneidae Monotypic Araneidae genera Spiders of Asia Taxa named by Eugène Simon {{Araneidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasteracantha Hasselti
''Macracantha hasselti'' is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is a native of Asia, occurring from India eastwards to Indonesia. Typical of this genus, the male of this species is small and undistinguished, but the female is larger and very colourful. It is usually around 8 mm in length, excluding the legs. The carapace has a dense covering of white hairs. The abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal ... is roughly triangular and bright orange with 12 black spots arranged in two rows along the back and six black spikes around the margin, the two at the rear corners being the longest. Gallery File:Gasteracantha hasselti.jpg References * hasselti Spiders described in 1837 Spiders of Asia {{Araneidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
