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Garzweiler Open Pit Mine
The Tagebau Garzweiler () is a surface mine () in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is operated by RWE and used for mining lignite. The mine currently has a size of and got its name from the village of which previously existed at this location. The community was moved to a section of Jüchen with the same name. The open-pit mine The mine is located west of Grevenbroich and exploitation is progressing towards Erkelenz. Mining was originally limited to the Garzweiler I area located east of the A 44 motorway. Mining in the Garzweiler II area started in 2006 and is estimated to take until around 2045 to fully exploit both sectors. The lignite is used for power generation at nearby power plants such as Neurath and Niederaußem. In 2015, 1500 protesters took part in civil disobedience against the mine on the basis that it is Europe’s biggest source of CO2 emissions. Around 1000 people entered the coal mine and all of the diggers in its pit were brought to a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lignite
Lignite (derived from Latin ''lignum'' meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation. Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks. Characteristics Lignite is brownish-bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesautobahn 61
is an autobahn in Germany that connects the border to the Netherlands near Venlo in the northwest to the interchange with A 6 near Hockenheim. In 1965, this required a redesign of the Hockenheimring. The autobahn runs parallel to the A 3 on the opposite side of the Rhine. Between Mönchengladbach and Bergheim in the north and Worms, Ludwigshafen and Speyer in the south, it cuts through the landscapes of Eifel and Hunsrück, avoiding areas of dense population while still in proximity to Cologne, Bonn, Koblenz and Bingen. The A 61, built in the 1970s, is the most western connection from the Netherlands and Belgium to southern Germany so many trucks and tourists from these countries frequent the A 61. Between ''Kreuz Mönchengladbach'' and ''Wanlo'', the speed limit is . The section between the junctions ''Wanlo'' and ''Jackerath'' was upgraded to three lanes in 2005. The speed limit there is , paid for by RWE Power that in return received permission t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geography Of North Rhine-Westphalia
Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines." Origins of many of the concepts in geography can be traced to Greek Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who may have coined the term "geographia" (). The first recorded use of the word γεωγραφία was as the title of a book by Greek scholar Claudius Ptolemy (100 – 170 AD). This work created the so-called "Ptolemaic tradition" of geography, which included "Ptolemaic cartographic theory." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Mines In Germany
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. Some iron and steel-making and other industrial processes burn coal. The extraction and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commission On Growth, Structural Change And Employment
Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment (German: (WSB), originally , commonly just called ''Kohlekommission'', that is ''coal commission'', in Germany) is a commission created by the German federal government on 6June 2018, after the governing coalition of the Christian Democrats ( CDU/CSU) with the Social Democrats (SPD) in February 2018. The committee was supposed to submit its final report to the federal government on 1 February 2019. Submission of the recommended measures on social and structural development and financing of States, in which brown coal is extracted, was expected by the end of October 2018. These measures should include climate change mitigation policy measures, especially a fossil fuel phase-out plan with a target phase-out date and measures to achieve the greenhouse gas emission reduction goal by 2020 Germany has committed to. The commission's report was published in January 2019 recommending Germany to entirely phase out and shut down the 84 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hambach Surface Mine
The Tagebau Hambach is a large open-pit coal mine () in Niederzier and Elsdorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is operated by RWE and used for mining lignite. The mine is on the site of the ancient Hambach Forest, which was purchased by RWE in 1978. The company then cut most of the forest down and cleared it to mine. Only 10% of the forest area remains. RWE planned to clear half of the remaining area between 2018 and 2020. This plan was met with massive protests in the autumn of 2018 and was temporarily stopped in October 2018 by the supreme administrative court of North Rhine-Westphalia (Oberverwaltungsgericht für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen). Having begun in 1978, the mine's operation area currently (as of end of 2017) has a size of 43.8 km2, with the total area designated for mining having a size of 85 km2. It is the deepest open pit mine in relation to sea level: the bottom of the pit, with up to from the surface, is below sea level, the deepest artif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ende Gelände 2019
Ende Gelände 2019 was a series of large-scale events of a movement for climate justice in Germany. As a continuation of the Ende Gelände 2018, previous year's actions, the non-violent direct action civil disobedience events targeted the coal-fired power plants of RWE Power AG and demanded the "immediate fossil fuel phase-out" based on climate justice and climate change mitigation. Between 21 and 23 June 2019, protests centered on the Garzweiler open pit mine of the . Protests also took place in the between 29 November and 1 December 2019. In the Rhenish lignite mining area Background In January 2019, the German Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment recommended in its final report that coal should be completely phased out as a power source in Germany by 2038, which was criticized by both scientists, such as Commissioner Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, and environmental organizations as inadequate to prevent global warming from reaching an irreversible tipping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ende Gelände 2015
Ende may refer to Places *Ende Regency, a regency (second level subdivision) of Indonesia *Ende (town), the seat (capital) of Ende Regency People *Ende (artist), 10th-century Spanish manuscript illuminator * Erik Ende, a leader of Scouting in Sweden * Edgar Ende (1901–1965), German surrealist painter *Hans am Ende (1864–1918), German Impressionist painter * Harald Ende (born 1929), German musician * Hermann Ende (1829–1907), German architect *Joop van den Ende (born 1942), Dutch media tycoon and theatrical producer * Karl Friedrich am Ende (1756-1810), Austrian general in the War of the Fourth Coalition *Michael Ende (1929–1995), German fantasy writer, son of Edgar Ende *Tan Ende (born 1971), Chinese footballer and coach Other uses *''Buku Ende'', a book of hymns in the Batak language used in the Batak Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia *''Ende: A Diary Of The Third World War'', a post-apocalyptic novel by Anton-Andreas Guha *Ende language (Indonesia) of Flores Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lützerath
Lützerath () was a hamlet in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, between Aachen and Düsseldorf. In 2013, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled in favour of the expansion of the Garzweiler surface mine; in January 2023, Lützerath was eradicated to make way for the opencast mining of Garzweiler II ; it will eventually be replaced with a lake. A farmer contested the plans which were approved by the higher administrative court in Münster. Climate activists moved to the village, squatting on empty farms and occupying treehouses. In an attempt to save the village, a campaign called "" (Lützerath lives) was started. In October 2022, the federal government and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia announced that RWE would phase out coal mining in the region by 2030, but Lützerath would still be demolished. The eviction occurred in January 2023. History The hamlet of Lützerath was first mentioned as Lutzelenrode in 1168. The area had several farms, including the Duissener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of St
Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Christian denomination, a Christian organization with distinct doctrine and practice * Christian Church, either the collective body of all Christian believers, or early Christianity Places United Kingdom * Church, a former electoral ward of Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council that existed from 1964 to 2002 * Church (Liverpool ward), a Liverpool City Council ward * Church (Reading ward), a Reading Borough Council ward * Church (Sefton ward), a Metropolitan Borough of Sefton ward * Church, Lancashire, England United States * Church, Iowa, an unincorporated community * Church Lake, a lake in Minnesota * Church, Michigan, ghost town Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Church magazine'', a pastoral theology magazine pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autobahndreieck Jackerath
In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways, using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through the junction without interruption from crossing traffic streams. It differs from a standard intersection, where roads cross at grade. Interchanges are almost always used when at least one road is a controlled-access highway (freeway) or a limited-access highway (expressway), though they are sometimes used at junctions between surface streets. Terminology ''Note:'' The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles drive on the right side of the road. For left-side driving, the layout of junctions is mirrored. Both North American (NA) and British (UK) terminology is included. ; Freeway junction, highway interchange ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
