|
Garhwa Fort
Garhwa fort is a medieval fortified enclosure, housing a temple complex in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India, belonging to the Gupta Empire, Gupta Period. It is most known for its Gadhwa Stone Inscriptions early 5th-century CE Sanskrit inscriptions by Chandragupta II and Kumaragupta. The fort is situated 50 km south-west of Prayagraj, on the Jabalpur road, 5 km from Shankargarh. The ancient name of Garhwa was Bhattpraya; in fact, there is a village called Bhattgarh nearby, which is currently named Bargarh. The ruins of the temple were fortified in the 1750 by Vishwanath Singh Deo, a Baghelkhand ruler belonging to Rewa (princely state), Rewa princely state. The fortification consisted of a square enclosure and parapets, giving a fortress kind of look. There are also two bawli (stepwell) in the complex. The temple has many relics belonging to the Gupta period, which date back to as far as the 5th and 6th centuries. The most notable item in the fort is a carved slab of ston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shankarnagar
Shankarnagar is a town in Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh. The Raja of Shankargarh has mining rights over 46 villages (covering an area of 150 km2) in perpetuity and gives the rights to contractors who in turn hire local labourers to extract minerals . It is famous for Silica mines. Demographics As of 2011 Indian Census, Shankargarh had a total population of 17,785, of which 9,343 were males and 8,442 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 2,712. The total number of literates in Shankargarh was 11,442, which constituted 64.3% of the population with male literacy of 69.8% and female literacy of 58.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Shankargarh was 75.9%, of which male literacy rate was 83.2% and female literacy rate was 68.0%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 4,087 and 107 respectively. Shankargarh had 3095 households in 2011. As of 2001 the India census, Shankargarh had a population of 13,116. Males con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapet
A parapet is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes ultimately from the Italian ''parapetto'' (''parare'' 'to cover/defend' and ''petto'' 'chest/breast'). Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a fire wall or party wall. Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily used as guard rails, to conceal rooftop equipment, reduce wind loads on the roof, and to prevent the spread of fires. Parapet types Parapets may be plain, embattled, perforated or panelled, which are not mutually exclusive terms. *Plain parapets are upward extensions of the wall, sometimes with a coping at the top and corbel below. *Embattled parapets may be panelled, but are pierced, if not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaitra
Chaitra () is a month of the Hindu calendar. In the standard Hindu calendar and India's national civil calendar, Chaitra is the first month of the year. It is the last month in the Bengali calendar, where it is called Choitro. Chaitra or Chait is also the last month in the Nepali calendar (the Vikram Samvat), where it commences in mid-March. Chittirai is the first month in the Tamil calendar. In the Sindhi calendar, this month is referred to as Chet and is marked by the celebration of the Cheti Chand (birth of Jhulelal, an incarnation of Vishnu). In the Vaishnava calendar, Vishnu governs this month. In solar religious calendars, Chaitra begins with the Sun's entry into Aries. In the more traditional reckoning, the first month commences in March or April of the Gregorian calendar, depending upon whether the adhika masa (extra month for alignment of lunar or solar calendar) was observed in the year. The first day of Chaitra is marked as the , the Hindu lunar new year. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ram Navami
Rama Navami () is a Hindus, Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Lord Ram, Rama, one of the most popularly revered deities in Hinduism, also known as the seventh avatar of Vishnu. He is often held as an emblem within Hinduism for being an ideal king and human through his righteousness, good conduct and virtue. The festival falls on the ninth day of the bright half (Paksha, Shukla Paksha) of the lunar cycle of Chaitra (March–April), the last month in the Hindu calendar. It is also part of the Navratri#Chaitra Navaratri, Chaitra Navaratri festival in spring. Rama Navami is a holiday for government employees in India.Holiday Calendar , High Court of Karnataka, Government The rituals and customs associated with Rama Navami vary from region to region throughout India. The day is marked by reciting from the Hindu epic Ramayana wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rama
Rama (; , , ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (''maryāda'' ''puruṣottama''), Rama is the male protagonist of the Hindu epic '' Ramayana''. His birth is celebrated every year on Rama Navami, which falls on the ninth day of the bright half ( Shukla Paksha) of the lunar cycle of Chaitra (March–April), the first month in the Hindu calendar. According to the ''Ramayana'', Rama was born to Dasaratha and his first wife Kausalya in Ayodhya, the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala. His siblings included Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. He married Sita. Born in a royal family, Rama's life is described in the Hindu texts as one challenged by unexpected changes, such as an exile into impoverished and difficult circumstances, and challenges of ethical questions and moral dilemmas. The most not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prashasti
''Prashasti'' (IAST: Praśasti, Sanskrit for "praise") is an Indian genre of inscriptions composed by poets in praise of their rulers. Most date from the 6th century CE onwards. Written in the form of poetry or ornate prose, the ''prashastis'' stereotypically constructed a genealogy, the ruler's attributes, eulogize victories, piety and typically ended with one or more announcements of generous gifts and rewards he has given. They differ from the so-called "Cultic" genre of Indian inscriptions which praise a deity, religious founder (Buddha, Tirthankara, sub-tradition of Hinduism), guru, or sages then typically announces gifts or donations to a monastery, school, temple or a generous cause. In some epigraphic literature, a ''prashasti'' is considered synonymous with a ''kirti'' or ''purva'', and is related to the word ''kirtana'' which implies "songs and praises of" someone or a deity. The ''prashastis'' generally contained ornate titles, links to mythical legends or comparison ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukhalinga
A mukhalinga or mukhalingam (Sanskrit: मुखलिङ्गम्, romanized: ; literally "''lingam with a face''") is a linga, lingam represented with one or more human faces in Hindu iconography. A lingam is an aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva. Mukhalingas may be of stone or can be made of a metal sheath, which covers the normal lingam. A mukhalinga generally has one, four, or five faces. Mukhalingas having four faces are also regarded to have an invisible fifth face on top of the linga. The four- and five-faced mukhalingas represent the five aspects of Shiva, which also relate to the classical elements, and the cardinal directions. While the formless aspect of Shiva is classified as ''nishkala'' (non-material), mukhalingas are classified as ''sakala nishkala'' (material-non-material).ALAYAM : The Hindu Temple;An Epitome of Hindu Culture; G.Venkataramana Reddy; Published by Adhyaksha; Sri Ramakrishna Math; ; Page 46 Iconography of stone Mukhalingas in texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Marshall (archaeologist)
Sir John Hubert Marshall (19 March 1876, Chester, England – 17 August 1958, Guildford, England) was an English archaeologist who was Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928. He oversaw the excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, two of the main cities that comprise the Indus Valley Civilisation. Personal history and career Marshall was at school at Dulwich College before King's College, Cambridge, where in 1898 he won the Porson Prize. He then trained in archaeology at Knossos under Sir Arthur Evans, who was rediscovering the Bronze Age Minoan civilization. Under the sponsorship of the British School in Athens, where he attended from 1898 to 1901, he participated in excavations. In 1902, the new viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, appointed Marshall as Director-General of Archaeology within the British Indian administration. Marshall modernised the approach to archaeology on that continent, introducing a programme of cataloguing and cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gupta Era
The Gupta era is a historical calendar era that begins from –319 CE. It was used by the Gupta emperors, as well as their vassals and their successors in present-day northern India and Nepal. It is identical to the Vallabhi era (or Valabhi era), which was used in the Saurashtra region of western India, although regional differences lead to a slightly different calculation for the conversion of Vallabhi era years to Common Era (CE). History The Gupta era is now believed to have been started by the Gupta kings, although there have been several debates over its origin in the past. The 11th century Persian writer Al-Biruni, who described the Guptas as "wicked", stated that the Gupta era marked the end of the Gupta dynasty. He dated the Gupta era to the year 241 of the Shaka era, that is, 318–319 CE which later led to debates about the era's origin among the 19th century historians since his statement would mean the Gupta era ended around 319 CE rather than begin at that time. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Sappers who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the British Raj, government of India; and he founded and organised what later became the Archaeological Survey of India. He wrote numerous books and monographs and made extensive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost, but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. He was also the father of mathematician Allan J. C. Cunningham, Allan Cunningham. Early life and career Cunningham was born in London on 23 January 1814 to the Scotland, Scottish poet Allan Cunningham (author), Allan Cunningham (1784–1842) and his wife Jean née Walker (1791–1864). Along with his older brother, Joseph Dave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauryan
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia with its power base in Magadha. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya around c. 320 BCE, it existed in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE. The primary sources for the written records of the Mauryan times are partial records of the lost history of Megasthenes in Roman texts of several centuries later; the Edicts of Ashoka, which were first read in the modern era by James Prinsep after he had deciphered the Brahmi and Kharoshthi scripts in 1838; and the ''Arthashastra'', a work first discovered in the early 20th century,: "... another source that enjoyed high standing as a description of the early Mauryan state was the Arthashastra, a treatise on power discovered in the early twentieth century." and previously attributed to Chanakya, but now thought to be composed by multiple authors in the first centuries of the common era. Archaeologically, the period of Mauryan rule in South Asia falls in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dainik Jagran
''Dainik Jagran'' () is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper. In terms of circulation, it was ranked 5th in the world in 2016 and 1st in India in 2022. In 2019 Quarter 4, according to Indian Readership Survey, Dainik Jagran reported a total readership of 68.6 million and was the top publication. It is owned by Jagran Prakashan Limited, a publishing house listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. History Origins ''Dainik Jagran'' was established in Jhansi, a district town in United Provinces (later renamed Uttar Pradesh), by Puranchand Gupta and first published in 1942. Prior to this, Gupta had worked as the managing editor of a local magazine since 1939 and would frequently visit Bombay to secure advertisements to publish in the magazine, which gave him the required connections and confidence to start a daily newspaper. However, soon after its establishment, the newspaper suspended its publication during the Quit India Movement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
