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Gara Medouar
Gara Medouar, also known as Jebel Mudawwar ("round mountain"), Gara Mdouar or Mdoura, is a horseshoe-shaped geological formation (" erosion cirque") near Sijilmasa, Morocco. In the 11th century it was developed into a fortress with a military garrison that likely protected the nearby trade city of Sijilmasa, where gold coins were minted, and the trade routes from the south. Representatives of the Almoravid dynasty likely had the fortifications built, which included a wall of up to 12 metres high that closed off the only opening to the massif, two walls and defensive structures along the mountains, dams in the canyons to collect water, and a variety of structures on the plateaus. The massif was studied by Moroccan sociologist Paul Pascon. Starting with the 1999 film ''The Mummy'', it has also been used as a filming location, and has become a tourist attraction especially for off-roaders. Description and location Gara Medouar is located to the west of the principal tell of Sijil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sijilmasa
Sijilmasa (; also transliterated Sijilmassa, Sidjilmasa, Sidjilmassa and Sigilmassa) was a medieval Moroccan city and trade entrepôt at the northern edge of the Sahara in Morocco. The ruins of the town extend for five miles along the River Ziz in the Tafilalt oasis near the town of Rissani. The town's history was marked by several successive invasions by Berber dynasties. Up until the 14th century, as the northern terminus for the western trans-Sahara trade route, it was one of the most important trade centres in the Maghreb during the Middle Ages. History Foundation and early Middle Ages According to al-Bakri's ''Book of Routes and Places'', Sufrite Kharijites first settled the town in the wake of the Berber revolts against the Umayyads. Al-Bakri recounts that others joined these early settlers there, until they numbered around four thousand, at which point they laid the groundwork for the city. They elected a leader, 'Isa bin Mazid al-Aswad (the Black), to handle their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries. Evolution By the middle of the 15th century, artillery pieces had become powerful enough to make the traditional medieval round tower and curtain wall obsolete. This was exemplified by the campaigns of Charles VII of France who reduced the towns and castles held by the English during the latter stages of the Hundred Years War, and by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectre (2015 Film)
''Spectre'' is a 2015 spy thriller film and the twenty-fourth in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions. Directed by Sam Mendes and written by John Logan (writer), John Logan, Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Jez Butterworth from a story conceived by Logan, Purvis, and Wade, it is the fourth film to star Daniel Craig as the fictional Secret Intelligence Service, MI6 agent James Bond filmography, James Bond. The film co-stars Christoph Waltz, Léa Seydoux, Ben Whishaw, Naomie Harris, Dave Bautista, Monica Bellucci, and Ralph Fiennes. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. In the film, Bond battles SPECTRE, Spectre, an international crime organisation led by Ernst Stavro Blofeld (Waltz). Despite initially stating he would not direct ''Spectre,'' Mendes confirmed his return in 2014 after Nicolas Winding Refn declined to direct; Mendes became the first to direct successive ''James Bond'' films since John Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco–Portugal Relations
Morocco–Portugal relations cover a period of several centuries largely historic, and to present not particularly substantial relations. Initial contacts started in the 8th century, when Muslim forces invaded most of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. After the Reconquista, Portugal would then expand into Africa, starting with the territory of Morocco, by invading cities and establishing fortified outposts along the Moroccan coast. History First Islamic expansion - Umayyad Caliphate (8th century) Following the invasion of southern Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate with the Berber people, Berber Commander Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, during the 8th century Arab and Berber armies invaded the rest of Iberia, and even went beyond to Southern France, and as far as Poitiers and the Rhône valley, until the turning point of the Battle of Tours in 732. The Douro River, Rio Douro eventually became the boundary between Christian and Muslim lands. The land between the Douro and Minh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Wasul
Muhammad ibn al-Fath Wasul ibn Maymun al-Amir () () was the tenth Midrarid emir of Sijilmasa. He was the first Midrarid ruler to adopt Maliki Sunni Islam. Biography He was a son of al-Fath Wasul ibn Maymun al-Amir (), and cousin of his predecessor, al-Muntasir Samgu ibn Muhammad and was an enemy of the Fatimids and supporter of the Caliphate of Córdoba. It is known that he served in the Umayyad armies in al-Andalus at the Battle of Simancas on August 1, 939, and had converted to Maliki Sunnism, the prevailing ''madhhab'' on the Iberian Peninsula. He carried out a coup in 942–943 against the 13-year-old al-Muntasir and his grandmother who acted as regent, and took the power; al-Muntasir was imprisoned. Considered a partisan of the Umayyads, his assumption of power alarmed the Fatimid Caliph. Muhammad sought the support of the Berbers to make war on the Fatimids. He assumed the caliphal title of ''amir al-mu'minin'' and the regnal title ''al-Shakir li-llah'' ("the grateful o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Midrar
The Midrarid dynasty () was a Berber dynasty that ruled the Sijilmasa region in Morocco from their capital of Sijilmasa, starting in the late 8th or early 9th century to 976/7. History The exact origin or date of foundation of the Midrarid dynasty are unclear, as the main sources—in the main, al-Bakri, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Idhari, and Qadi al-Nu'man—are not in agreement over the details, and two different traditions are reported. According to the first, the family was founded by a Sufri Miknasa Berber, Samgu ibn Wasul. Samgu led the establishment of the town of Sijilmasa in 757/8, and in 772, became its second ruler. According to the second version, the dynasty was established by a smith called Midrar, who fled the suppression of the revolt in Córdoba against al-Hakam I in 818, and settled at the site where Sijilmasa was later established. According to Charles Pellat, it is clear that Sijilmasa was already in existence by the late 8th century, but on the other hand, the arri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capel 3 Vue Générale De La Muraille Basse
Capel may refer to: People *Capell, surname, includes a list of people with the surnames Capel and Capell * Capel (given name), includes a list of people with the given name Capel Places England *Capel, Kent, a village and civil parish near Tunbridge Wells *Capel, Surrey, a village and civil parish *Capel-le-Ferne, Kent *Capel St Andrew, Suffolk * Capel St Mary, Suffolk *RNAS Capel, a First World War airship station near Folkestone, Kent Australia *Capel, Western Australia *Shire of Capel The Shire of Capel is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, taking in the land between the cities of Bunbury and Busselton about south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of , and its seat of ..., Western Australia * Electoral district of Capel, Western Australia, a Legislative Assembly electorate from 2005 to 2008 * Capel River, Western Australia * Capel River, Western Australia, a locality in the Shire of Capel Other uses * HMS ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. After overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH), they ruled as caliphs based in modern-day Iraq, with Baghdad being their capital for most of their history. The Abbasid Revolution had its origins and first successes in the easterly region of Khurasan, far from the Levantine center of Umayyad influence. The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad as the new capital. Baghdad became the center of science, culture, arts, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. By housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubble Stone
Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar. Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt. Square rubble masonry Square rubble masonry consists of stones that are dressed (squared on all joints and beds) before laying, set in mortar, and make up the outer surface of a wall. History Irregular rubble, or sack, masonry evolved from embankments covered with boards, stones or bricks. That outer surface was used to give the embankment greater strength and make it more difficult for enemies to climb. The Sadd el-Khafara dam, in Wadi Al-Garawi near Helwan in Egypt, which is 14 meters high and built in rubble masonry, dates back to 2900–2600 BC The Greeks called the construction technique emplekton and made particular use of it in the construction of the defensive walls of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musalla
A musalla () is a space apart from a mosque, mainly used for prayer in Islam. The word is derived from the verb (''ṣallā''), meaning "to pray". It is traditionally used for twice-yearly Eid prayers (''Eid al-Fitr, ʿĪd al-Fiṭr'' and ''Eid al-Adha, ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā)'' and for Salat al-Janazah, funeral prayers as per the Sunnah. “Musalla” may also refer to a room, structure, or place for performing ''salah'' (canonical prayers), and this is also translated as a “prayer hall” when smaller than a mosque. It is often used for conducting the five mandatory daily Salah, prayers, or other prayers in (or without) a small Salah al jama'ah, congregation, but not for large congregational worship such as the Friday prayers, Friday Prayers or the Eid Prayers (the latter is done in Jama Masjid, congregational mosques if there is no available musalla, in the original sense of an open space). Such musallas are usually present in airports, malls, universities, and other public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capel 6 Plans Schématiques à L’échelle De Quelques Maisons Du Jebel Mudawwar
Capel may refer to: People *Capell, surname, includes a list of people with the surnames Capel and Capell *Capel (given name), includes a list of people with the given name Capel Places England *Capel, Kent, a village and civil parish near Tunbridge Wells *Capel, Surrey, a village and civil parish *Capel-le-Ferne, Kent *Capel St Andrew, Suffolk *Capel St Mary, Suffolk *RNAS Capel, a First World War airship station near Folkestone, Kent Australia *Capel, Western Australia *Shire of Capel, Western Australia *Electoral district of Capel, Western Australia, a Legislative Assembly electorate from 2005 to 2008 *Capel River The Capel River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia that rises in the Darling Range east of Mullalyup, and flows into the Indian Ocean at Peppermint Grove Beach. The Capel River is the largest in the Geographe catchmen ..., Western Australia * Capel River, Western Australia, a locality in the Shire of Capel Other uses * HMS ''Capel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
