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Gamrekeli Toreli
Gamrekeli Toreli or Gamrekeli of Tori ( ka, გამრეკელი თორელი) was a 12th-century Georgian noble ( didebuli) and duke (eristavi) of Akhalkalakhi and Tori. Biography Gamrekeli, son of Kakha, along with his father, supported the rebellion of Prince Demna and the Orbeli family in 1177, however they soon sided with king George III of Georgia and fought for the monarchy against the insurgents. The uprising was suppressed, and King George III elevated the Toreli family. After the failed revolt led by Qutlu Arslan, Queen Tamar elevated Gamrekeli to the office of ''Mejinibetukhutsesi'' (High Constable) and granted him possessions over Tori (which was deprived of from Apridon). He became ''amirspasalar'' after the death of Sargis Mkhargrdzeli. Toreli as an Eristavi of Akhalkalakhi was securing Georgia's southern frontier borders. In 1186-1187, He led Georgian forces against Seljuqid rulers, and repelled them from countries known by the names of Palak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Akhalkalaki
The Duchy of Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქის საერისთავო, referred as the Duchy of Javakheti) was a duchy (''saeristavo'') in medieval Georgia. Duchy was created by King Leon III of Abkhazia (957–967). History It was first mentioned on the inscriptions in Kumurdo Cathedral. Until 1021, the Dukes of Javakheti were members of Marushiani family. It passed to the Tmogveli and then the Toreli family. From the 12th to 13th centuries, the Toreli family also owned estates in Tori, Lesser and Inner Kartli. Pressured by the princes of Samtskhe of the Jaqeli dynasty in the 14th century, the Torelis were forced to move to Shida Kartli and the duchy was absorbed into Principality of Samtskhe. Rulers * Zuiai (~964) * Vache (960 – 70's) * Zviad (10–11th century) * Pharsman Tmogveli (1023–1065) * Varazbakur Toreli (1065 – ?) * Kakha Toreli (1152) * Gamrekeli Toreli (1170's – 1191) * Kakha II Toreli (1191 – ?) * Shalva Toreli-Ak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamar Of Georgia
Tamar the Great ( ka, თამარ მეფე, tr , ; 1160 – 18 January 1213) queen regnant, reigned as the List of monarchs of Georgia#Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1490), Queen of Kingdom of Georgia, Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age. A member of the Bagrationi dynasty, her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title ''mepe'' ("king"), afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources. Tamar was proclaimed heir and Coregency, co-ruler by her reigning father George III of Georgia, George III in 1178, but she faced significant opposition from the aristocracy upon her ascension to full ruling powers after George's death. Tamar was successful in neutralizing this opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the decline of the hostile Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks. Relying on a powerful military elite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli
Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli (, ), was a Georgian prince and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the office of ''amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army for Queen Tamar of Georgia, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was a member of the Mkargrdzeli dynasty, and ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. Biography Zakare along with his father Sargis supported the rebellion of Prince Demna and the Orbelian family in 1177, however they soon sided with George III and fought for the monarchy against the insurgents. The rebellion was suppressed, and King George III elevated the Zakarid–Mkhargrdzeli family. Following the death of George III, Queen Tamar elevated Sargis Zakarian (Mkhargrdzeli)— a well-born valorous man, well-trained in battle — to the office of ''Amirspasalar'' ( Lord High Constable) and granted him possessions over Lori (which was deprived of from Kubasar). She gave presents to his elder son, Zakare, and his yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tmogvi
Tmogvi or Tmkaberd ( ka, თმოგვი ; ) is a ruined fortress and medieval town in the southern Georgian region of Samtskhe-Javakheti, on the left bank of the Kura River, a few kilometers downstream of the cave city of Vardzia. History The name "Tmogvi" is derived from the Armenian word ''mog'', meaning "pagan priest" or "magus". The fortress is first mentioned in sources from the 9th century. It was built as a defensive work controlling the ancient trade route between the Javakheti plateau and the gorge of Kura, over a gorge formed by the Kura River. It was a crucial military stronghold in the region of Javakheti. The feudal lords of the region were at that time the Bagratids, the Georgian branch. The Georgian chronicles report numerous attempts to take the castle over, but they were rarely successful. Tmogvi gained importance after the neighboring town and fortress of Tsunda was ruined around 900 AD. In 914 Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj approached Tmogvi, but retreated witho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mkhargrdzeli
The Zakarid dynasty, also Zakarids or Zakarians () were an Armenian noble dynasty, rulers of Zakarid Armenia (1201–1350) under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Georgia, and from 1256 under the control of the Mongol Ilkhanate of Persia. Their dynastic name was formed in honour of Zakare, the famous servant of the Georgian King Tamar. They were also known by their Georgian nickname Mkhargrdzeli (, "Long-armed", in , ''Yerkaynbazuk''). A family legend says that this name was a reference to their Achaemenid ancestor Artaxerxes II the "Longarmed" (404–358 BC). According to Cyril Toumanoff / ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', they were an offshoot of the Armenian Pahlavuni family. The Zakarians considered themselves Armenians. During the 13th century, the Zakarids held the highest offices in the Georgian government, as ''Atabegs'' (Governor General) and '' Amirspasalars'' (Commander-in-Chief of the Army) of the Kingdom of Georgia. History The dynasty was of Armenian or Kurdish origin. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yury Bogolyubsky
Yury Bogolyubsky (), known as Giorgi Rusi ( ka, გიორგი რუსი, George the Rus') in the Kingdom of Georgia, was a Rus' prince of Novgorod (1172–1175). Born around 1160, he was married to Queen Tamar of Georgia from 1185 until being divorced and exiled in 1188. Reign Son of Grand Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal, he ruled Novgorod from 1172 to 1175. He was dethroned and expelled after the murder of his father in 1175. Defeated in a series of internal wars, he finally found a shelter in the Northern Caucasus in the late 1170s. He was found among the Kipchak, with whom he hoped to restore his rights to his father's princedom in 1184–1185. Marriage In 1185, Georgian nobles headed by Abulasan, Catholicos Mikel Marianidze and Rusudan, daughter of Demetre I arranged a marriage of Prince Yury with Queen Tamar of Georgia. As her husband, he commanded, in 1186–1187, a Georgian army which successfully raided the Seljuk possessions of Rüm in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eristavi
''Eristavi'' (; literally, "head of the nation") was a Georgia (country), Georgian feudal office, roughly equivalent to the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine ''strategos'' and normally translated into English language, English as "prince" or less commonly as "duke". In the Georgian aristocratic hierarchy, it was the title of the third rank of prince and governor of a large province. Holders of the title were ex-officio commanders of a military 'Sadrosho, banner', wore a distinctive dress, ring, belt and spear and rode a particular breed of horse. Some high-ranking eristavis were also titled as eristavt-eristavi (), i.e. "duke of dukes" or archduke but it is improbable that the holder of the title had any subordinate eristavis. Erismtavari (; literally, "chief of the people" or grand duke) was a similar title chiefly endowed upon the pre-Bagrationi, Bagratid Principate of Iberia, rulers of Caucasian Iberia, Iberia (Eastern Georgia) and later used interchangeably with the ''eristavi''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargis Mkhargrdzeli
Sargis (, ; , ) is a masculine given name and surname that is used in both Armenian and Assyrian communities. The name ultimately derived from the Latin name Sergius, and is partly derived from the name's Classical Syriac form. The Armenian surname Sargsyan/Sarkisian is derived from this name. The name may also be alternatively used as Sarkis, used primarily by Armenians. Assyrian tradition In the Assyrian community, the name Sargis is a common veneration to Saint Sergius who was martyred in the Syriac speaking city of Resafa, popularizing the name in the language amongst liturgically Syriac speaking communities since at least the 4th century. The name (, ), meaning Saint Sargis, is also used for Assyrian churches in both the Assyrian homeland and diaspora. Notable peoples Saints *Sargis the General, 4th century Armenian saint, not to be confused with Saint Sergius *Sergius of Samarkand, Church of the East saint () Mononym *Sargis of Aïbeg and Serkis, Mongol envoys to Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amirspasalar
''Amirspasalar'' or ''amirspasalari'' ( ka, ამირსპასალარი, from , ) was the commander-in-chief of the medieval Georgian army and one of the highest officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, commonly rendered as "Lord High Constable" (and sometimes also as ''generalissimo'') in English. It is composed of ''amir'', an Arabic term meaning 'commander', 'governor', or 'prince'; and '' sipahsalar'', from the Persian for 'army commander'.Robert Bedrosian, "Amirspasalar", in: Joseph Reese Strayer (1983), ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', p. 235. Scribner, . The ''amirspasalar'' was a wartime supreme commander-in-chief of the royal armies, and the bearer of the state flag. Under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213), it was the third great office of the Georgian state, after King and '' atabek''. '' The Institution of the Royal Court'', most probably codified during the second reign of George V (1314–1346) defines the office as "an honorary vizier and the head of army". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apridon
Apridon or Afridon () was the 12th-century Georgian politician, a dependent "aznauri", who had been raised to the rank of '' msakhurtukhutsesi ("Master of Servants").'' In sharp contrast to old, frequently rebellious Georgian feudal lords, Apridon represented ennobled statesman at Georgian royal court, who gained distinction through their loyalty to the King George III ( 1156-1184) whom Apridon served upon Queen Tamar’s ascend to the throne in 1184. History In 1177, George III, was confronted by a rebellious faction of nobles. The rebels intended to dethrone George in favor of the king's fraternal nephew, Demna, it was little but a pretext for the nobles, led by the pretender's father-in-law, the a''mirspasalar'' Ivane Orbeli, the viceroy of Ani and the head of the powerful and ambitious Orbeli clan, to weaken the crown.. The insurgents crowned Demna the king at the Agara Castle and marched, with 30,000 men, to the Georgian capital of Tbilisi. George was saved by the royal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constable
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions. ''Constable'' is commonly the rank of an officer within a police service. Other people may be granted powers of a constable without holding this title. Etymology Etymologically, the word ''constable'' is a loan from Old French ''conestable'' (Modern French ''connétable''),p. 93b-283a, T. F. Hoad, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology'' (Oxford University Press, 1993) itself from Late Latin ''comes stabuli'' ( attendant to the stables, literally 'count of the stable'), and originated from the Roman Empire; originally, the constable was the officer responsible for keeping the horses of a lord or monarch.p103, Bruce, Alistair, ''Keepers of the Kingdom'' (Cassell, 2002), [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutlu Arslan
Qutlu Arslan () was the 12th-century Georgian politician sometimes referred to as the Georgian Simon de Montfort for his rebellion, in circa 1184, against the unlimited royal power. A Georgianized Kipchak ("''naq'ivchaghari''", i.e. ex-Kipchak), his ancestry traced to those Turkic tribesmen from the North Caucasus steppes who had been settled in Georgia under King David IV (1089–1125). In sharp contrast to old, frequently rebellious Georgian feudal lords, Qutlu Arslan represented ennobled commoners and military servicemen, who gained distinction through their loyalty to the Georgian King George III (1156–1184) whom Qutlu served as a vizier and '' mechurchletukhutsesi'' (treasurer), a post he held upon Queen Tamar's ascend to the throne in 1184. Around the same year, he led a party of nobles and citizens who proposed an idea of limiting the royal power by a parliamentary-type legislature which, in the view of Qutlu Arslan and his followers, would be consist of two chambers: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
