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Galata Gas Field
The Galata gas field is a natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea approximately 25km Southeast of Varna, Bulgaria. The field was the first to be developed offshore Bulgaria, and at peak production provided more than 16% of Bulgaria's domestic gas needs, the platform and associated infrastructure is still the only production facility located in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Discovery Gas was discovered in the Late Cretaceous / Late Paleocene calcarenite reservoir in 1993 by Texaco and its JV partners (Texaco 20% - Operator, Enterprise 20%, OMV 10% and the remaining 50% was held by the State (Bulgarian Committee of Geology and Mineral Resources)). The discovery well Galata 1 was drilled using the Ocean Liberator semi submersible drilling rig. The well flowed at per day through a choke. This was the first offshore commercial gas discovery in Bulgaria. Later the same JV further appraised the field with the Galata 2 well and Bogdanov East 1 well. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria covers a territory of , and is the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, tribal invasions in the region resumed. Around the 6th century, these territories were settled by the early Slavs. The Bulg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. The Black Sea covers (not including the Sea of Azov), has a maximum depth of , and a volume of . Most of its coasts ascend rapidly. These rises are the Pontic Mountains to the south, bar the southwest-facing peninsulas, the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and the Crimean Mountains to the mid-north. In the west, the coast is generally small floodplains below foothills such as the Strandzha; Cape Emine, a dwindling of the east end of the Balkan Mountains; and the Dobruja Plateau considerably ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas Field
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust. Petroleum reservoirs are broadly classified as ''conventional'' and '' unconventional'' reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs, the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods. Oil field An oil field is an area of accumulation of liquid oil underground in multiple (potentially linked) reservoirs, trapped as it rises by impermeable rock formations. In industrial terms, an o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varna, Bulgaria
Varna ( bg, Варна, ) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Historically known as ''Odessos'' ( grc, Ὀδησσός), Varna developed from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea. Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and has the headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated as the seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017. The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dated to 4600–4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melrose Resources
Melrose Resources plc was an independent upstream oil and gas E&P company founded in 1992, it was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1999. The company was headquartered in Edinburgh, UK with international offices in the countries where its operations were located. Its activities were focused on Egypt, Bulgaria, France, Romania, Turkey and the United States. The company merged with Petroceltic International in 2012. History The Company was formed in 1992 by Robert Adair to exploit international oil opportunities. It was first listed. In 2004 the company successfully developed the Galata gas field in Bulgaria. In 2006, the company acquired Merlon Petroleum, an oil business with which it shared interests in Egypt. In October 2012, Melrose Resources merged with Dublin-based Petroceltic International plc in a share for share deal worth $222m, this added new exploration assets in Algeria, Kurdistan and Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgartransgaz
Bulgartransgaz EAD is a natural gas transmission and storage system operator of Bulgaria. It is a subsidiary of Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD. Bulgartransgaz was created on 15 January 2007 in Sofia. In November 2009, the Bulgarian Government decided to list the company at the Bulgarian Stock Exchange - Sofia. See also *Giurgiu–Ruse pipeline The Giurgiu–Ruse pipeline will be a natural gas pipeline from Giurgiu in Romania to Ruse in Bulgaria diversifying natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for the two countries and connects the two natural gas national grids. The Giurgiu–R ... References External links Official website Oil and gas companies of Bulgaria Natural gas pipeline companies Bulgarian companies established in 2007 {{Energy-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proven Reserves
Proven reserves (also called measured reserves, 1P, and reserves) is a measure of fossil fuel energy reserves, such as oil reserves, natural gas reserves, and coal reserves. It is defined as the " antity of energy sources estimated with reasonable certainty, from the analysis of geologic and engineering data, to be recoverable from well established or known reservoirs with the existing equipment and under the existing operating conditions." A reserve is considered proven if it is probable that at least 90% of the resource is recoverable by economically profitable means. Operating conditions are taken into account when determining if a reserve is classified as proven. Operating conditions include operational break-even price, regulatory and contractual approvals, without which the reserve cannot be classified as proven. Price changes therefore can have a large impact on the classification of proven reserves. Regulatory and contractual conditions may change, and also affect the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compressor Station
A compressor station is a facility which helps the transportation process of natural gas from one location to another. Natural gas, while being transported through a gas pipeline, needs to be periodically pressurized at intervals of . Siting is dependent on terrain, and the number of gas wells in the vicinity. Frequent elevation changes and a greater number of gas wells will require more compressor stations. The compressor station, also called a pumping station, is the "engine" that powers a long-distance natural gas pipeline. As the name implies, the station compresses the gas (increasing its pressure) thereby providing energy to move it through the pipeline. The compressor is driven by a motor fueled by some of the natural gas bled from the pipeline. Pipeline companies install compressor stations along a pipeline route. The size of the station and the number of compressors (pumps) varies, based on the diameter of the pipe and the volume of gas to be moved. Nevertheless, the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separator (oil Production)
The term separator in oilfield terminology designates a pressure vessel used for separating well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. A separator for petroleum production is a large vessel designed to separate production fluids into their constituent components of oil, gas and water. A separating vessel may be referred to in the following ways: Oil and gas separator, Separator, Stage separator, Trap, Knockout vessel (Knockout drum, knockout trap, water knockout, or liquid knockout), Flash chamber (flash vessel or flash trap), Expansion separator or expansion vessel, Scrubber (gas scrubber), Filter (gas filter). These separating vessels are normally used on a producing lease or platform near the wellhead, manifold, or tank battery to separate fluids produced from oil and gas wells into oil and gas or liquid and gas. An oil and gas separator generally includes the following essential components and features: 1. A vessel that includes (a) pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaliakra Gas Field
The Kaliakra gas field is a natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea located approximately 30km Southeast of Varna, Bulgaria. It was discovered by Melrose Resources plc in 2007 and brought on production in November 2010 through a subsea wellhead and tie-back pipeline to the Galata field platform infrastructure to the West. Discovery The Kaliakra gas field was discovered in late 2007 by Melrose Resources plc, the discovery well was drilled using the Atwood Southern Cross semi-submersible drilling rig. Development The majority of the operational development project work for the Kaliakra field development plan was undertaken during 2010 by Melrose Resources plc. The field came on production in November 2010. Production and Reserves The total proven reserves Proven reserves (also called measured reserves, 1P, and reserves) is a measure of fossil fuel energy reserves, such as oil reserves, natural gas reserves, and coal reserves. It is defined as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea Energy
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages versus Age of Enlightenment, and night versus day. Since the Middle Ages, black has been the symbolic color of solemnity and authority, and for this reason it is still commonly worn by judges and magistrates. Black was one of the first colors used by artists in Neolithic cave paintings. It was used in ancient Egypt and Greece as the color of the underworld. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently associated with death, evil, witches, and magic. In the 14th century, it was worn by royalty, clergy, judges, and government officials in much of Europe. It became the color worn by English romantic poets, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
