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Gaidoald
Gaidoald (, ''Gaidualdus'' or ''Gadoaldus'') was the second Lombard duke of Trent, succeeding Euin in 595. Our main source for Gaidoald's life is Paul the Deacon's ''Historia Langobardorum'', which in turn depends on the lost ''Historiola'' of Secundus of Non, Gaidoald's contemporary. Nothing is known of Gaidoald before his accession to the duchy, although he was probably already a powerful and influential man. No sources speak of his family relations, and all speculation is based on onomastics. The -''oald'' element in his name (from Proto-Germanic *'' waldaną'', to rule) was especially common among the Agilolfing family of neighbouring Bavaria, who were of Frankish origin. Paul describes as "a good man and a Catholic in religion" (''Historia Langobardorum'' IV.10). This meant that he was neither a pagan nor an Arian Arianism (, ) is a Christological doctrine which rejects the traditional notion of the Trinity and considers Jesus to be a creation of God, and therefor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Trent
The Duchy of Tridentum (Trent) was an autonomous Lombards, Lombard duchy, established by Euin during the Rule of the Dukes, Lombard interregnum of 574–584 that followed the assassination of the Lombard leader Alboin. The stronghold of Euin's territory was the Roman city of Trento, Tridentum in the upper valley of the Adige, in the foothills of the Alps in northern Italy, where the duchy formed one of the marches of the Kingdom of the Lombards, Lombard Kingdom of Italy. There he shared power with the bishop, who was nominally subject to the Patriarch of Aquileia. In 574–75, Lombard raiding parties pillaged the valley of the Rhône, incurring retaliatory raids into the duchy by Austrasia, Austrasian Franks, who had seized control of the mountain passes leading into the kingdom of Burgundy. Euin was at the head of the army loyal to Authari that went into the territory of the Duchy of Friuli, duke of Friuli in Istria, c 589, and he was sent by Agilulf to make peace with the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callinicus (exarch)
Callinicus () was the exarch of Ravenna from 597 until 602 or 603. He is called Gallicinus, or ''Gallicini patricii'', by the Lombard historian Paul the DeaconLatin text English ''patrician Gallicinus''). The first few years of his administration were marked by relatively good fortune. In 598 an armistice between the Byzantines and the Lombards had been concluded in which the Lombards were acknowledged as sovereign rulers of the lands in their possession, and which was observed by both parties over the following years. However around 601, Callinicus took advantage of a rebellion by Dukes Gaidoald of Trent and Gisulf II of Friuli to break the peace by kidnapping the Lombard king Agilulf's daughter and her husband, Duke Godescalc of Parma.Paul the Deacon ''History'', 4.20 (translated by Foulke, p. 165) records the kidnapping; Jeffrey Richards, ''The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages'' (London:Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 174, explains Callinicus' motivation. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euin
Euin (died 595), also ''Ewin'' or ''Eoin'', was the first Lombards, Lombard Duchy of Tridentum, Duke of Trent (from 569) during the Rule of the Dukes, an interregnum (575–585) during which the Kingdom of the Lombards, Kingdom of Italy was ruled by its regional magnates, the dukes of the thirty or so cities. Euin participated in several significant wars during his long reign. The primary source for his career is Paul the Deacon, Paul the Deacon's ''Historia Langobardorum''. In 584 the Frankish kings Guntram, Guntram of Burgundy and Childebert II, Childebert II of Austrasia invaded northeastern Italy. The fortress Anagnis, north of Trento, Trent, surrendered to them and was consequently the victim of a plundering expedition by Ragilo, the Lombard count of Lagerthal, Lagaris. Ragilo and his army, however, were attacked in the field of "Rotalian" by a Frankish army under Chramnichis. Ragilo and many of his followers, still with their booty, were killed. Chramnichis then moved on to "d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gisulf II Of Friuli
Gisulf II (''Gisulfo II di Friuli''; abt. 545 – 611) was the Duke of Friuli from around 591 to his death. He was the son and successor of Grasulf I of Friuli. Gisulf and Gaidoald of Trent were at odds with King Agilulf until they made peace in 602 or 603. Gisulf also allied with the Avars to make war on Istria. Gisulf was involved in the local church. The bishops of "the schismatics of Istria and Venetia," as Paul the Deacon calls them, fled to the protection of Gisulf. Gisulf also took part in the confirmation of the succession of Candidianus (Patriarch of Aquileia), Candidianus to the Patriarchate of Aquileia (Episcopal), patriarchate of Aquileia in 606. The most significant event of his reign occurred probably in 611.It has been dated as early as 602. However, Gisulf certainly took part in the confirmation of Candidianus in 606. When the Avars (Carpathians), Avars invaded Italy, Gisulf's territory was the first they passed through. Gisulf summoned a large army and went to mee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romuald II Of Benevento
Romuald II the Younger (died 732724 in the ''Lexikon''.) was the son of Gisulf I and Winiperga. He succeeded as duke of Benevento on the death of his father, which is dated variously as 698, 706, or 707. According to Paul the Deacon, Gisulf reigned 17 years, which would imply his death in 698, but Paul also mentions acts which seem certainly to have occurred around 705. He gives Romuald a reign of 26 years, which puts his death in either 724, 731, or 732. Romuald conflicted with both the Duchy of Spoleto and the Duchy of Naples during his long reign. Conflict with the latter brought him into conflict with the Papacy as well. He took the outlying castle of Cumae from John I of Naples in 716 and ignored Pope Gregory II's pleas and offers of compensation for restitution. In 717, the pope funded an expedition of John's which decisively defeated his gastald's army and displaced his men from Cuma. Romuald was married twice: firstly to Guntberga (or Gumperga), daughter of King Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schism Of The Three Chapters
The Schism of the Three Chapters was a schism that affected Chalcedonian Christianity in Northern Italy lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger Three-Chapter Controversy that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity. Background to the Three-Chapter Controversy The Three-Chapter Controversy arose from an attempt to reconcile the Non-Chalcedonian ( Miaphysite) Christians of the Middle East with the positions of the Council of Chalcedon. To exact a compromise, works of several Eastern theologians such as Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, and Theodore of Mopsuestia, which came to be known collectively as the ''Three Chapters'', were condemned. The positions of the ''Three Chapters'' were particularly objectionable to the Miaphysites and, in an attempt to win them to the Council, the condemnation was issued. The condemnation took the form of an Imperial Edic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alahis
Alahis (or Alagis) (fl. 680–689) was the Arian duke of Trent and Brescia before becoming king of the Lombards after his successful rebellion in 688. He ruled for about a year. His first rebellion against King Perctarit failed in 680, but the king captured, pardoned, and released him. He rebelled again in 688 when Perctarit's son Cunipert succeeded. He forced Cunipert to a castle on an island in the middle of Lake Como, but his rule was burdensome and tyrannical, and so he lost the support of the people. Finally, in 689, Cunipert issued forth with the men of Piedmont and defeated Alahis and the men of Venetia at the Battle of Coronate, on the Horn of the Adda, near Lodi. Alahis was defeated and slain in battle. References * Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P., edd. ''The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II—The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire''. Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press was the university press of the Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monza
Monza (, ; ; , locally ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the Lambro, River Lambro, a tributary of the Po (river), River Po, in the Lombardy region of Italy, about north-northeast of Milan. It is the capital of the province of Monza and Brianza. Monza is best known for its Grand Prix motor racing circuit, the , which hosts the Formula One Italian Grand Prix.On 11 June 2004, Monza was designated the capital of the new province of Monza and Brianza. The new administrative arrangement came fully into effect in summer 2009; previously, Monza was a ''comune'' within the province of Milan. Monza is the third-largest city of Lombardy and is the most important economic, industrial and administrative centre of the Brianza area, supporting a textile industry and a publishing trade. Monza also hosts a department of the University of Milano-Bicocca, a Court of Justice and several offices of regional administration. Monza Park is one of the largest urban parks in Europe. Geog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaloald
Adaloald (c. 602–628) was the Lombard king of Italy from 616 to 626. He was son and heir of King Agilulf and his Catholic queen Theodelinda. He was baptised shortly after his birth in 602; the abbot Secundus of Non (later historian) was his godfather. He was an associate king, raised on the shield by the warriors at his father's request, when still young. Upon becoming sole king as a teenager, he reigned with his mother serving as regent. In his ''History of the Lombards'', Paul the Deacon reports that many churches were renovated and many donations to holy sites were made under their joint reign. Adaloald went insane and lost the support of the nobles. He was deposed by them in 626 and replaced by Arioald, a Lombard noble from Turin and husband of the king's sister Gundeberga, who was hostile to the Catholic Church. Adaloald died mysteriously in Ravenna Ravenna ( ; , also ; ) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exarch Of Ravenna
The Exarchate of Ravenna (; ), also known as the Exarchate of Italy, was an administrative district of the Byzantine Empire comprising, between the 6th and 8th centuries, the territories under the jurisdiction of the exarch of Italy (''exarchus Italiae'') resident in Ravenna. The term is used in historiography in a double sense: "exarchate" in the strict sense denotes the territory under the direct jurisdiction of the exarch, i.e. the area of the capital Ravenna, but the term is mainly used to designate all the Byzantine territories in continental and peninsular Italy. According to the legal sources of the time, these territories constituted the so-called ''Provincia Italiae'', on the basis of the fact that they too, until at least the end of the 7th century, fell under the jurisdiction of the exarch and were governed by ''duces'' or ''magistri militum'' under him. The exarchate was established around 584, the year in which the presence of an exarch in Ravenna is attested for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asti
Asti ( , ; ; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italy, Italian region of Piedmont, about east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro, Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern Capital city, capital of Montferrat. History Ancient times and early Middle Ages People have lived in and around what is now Asti since the Neolithic period. Before their defeat in 174 BC by the Romans, tribes of Ligures, the Statielli, dominated the area and the toponym probably derives from ''Ast'' which means "hill" in the ancient Celtic language. In 124 BC the Romans built a ''castrum'', or fortified camp, which eventually evolved into a full city named Hasta. In 89 BC the city received the status of ''Colonia (Roman), colonia'', and in 49 BC that of ''municipium''. Asti became an important city of the Augustan Italia (Roman Empire), Regio IX, favoured by its strategic position on the Tanaro river a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gundoald, Duke Of Asti
Gundoald or Gundwald (' 565–616) was a Bavarian nobleman of the Agilolfing family, a son of Duke Garibald I and Waldrada, and Duke of Asti from around 589. In 588 his elder sister Theudelinda was engaged to the king of the Lombards, Authari. The potential marriage alliance with the Lombards sparked an invasion by the Bavarians' overlords, the Franks, in 589. Theudelinda and Gundoald both fled to Italy. There Theudelinda married Authari in May, and Gundoald was invested with the duchy of Asti and the granddaughter of King Wacho in marriage. With her he had two children, Gundpert and Aripert. Gundoald was killed by an arrow in 616. References Sources * Paul the Deacon, ''Historia Langobardorum''. * Chronicle of Fredegar The ''Chronicle of Fredegar'' is the conventional title used for a 7th-century Frankish chronicle that was probably written in Burgundy. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century. The chronicle begi ..., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
