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Gabo Reform
The Kabo Reform () describes a series of sweeping reforms suggested to the government of Korea, beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896 during the reign of Gojong of Korea in response to the Donghak Peasant Revolution. Historians debate the degree of Japanese influence in this program, as well as its effect in encouraging modernization. The term ''Kabo'' () comes from the name of the year 1894 in the traditional sexagenary cycle.Kabo Reforms at Nate Britannica Korea Background The disarray and blatant corruption in the Korean government, particularly in the three main areas of revenues – land tax, military service, and the state granary system – weighed heavily on the Korean peasantry. Of special note is the ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea
Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 38th parallel between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK). Both countries proclaimed independence in 1948, and the two countries fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Yalu River, Amnok (Yalu) and Tumen River, Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. Known human habitation of the Korean peninsula dates to 40,000 BC. The kingdom of Gojoseon, which according to tradition was founded in 2333 BC, fell to the Han dynasty in 108 BC. It was followed by the Three Kingdoms of Korea, Three Kingdoms period, in which Korea was divided into Goguryeo, Baekje, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commodore Matthew Perry
Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a United States Navy officer who commanded ships in several wars, including the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War. He led the Perry Expedition that Bakumatsu, ended Japan's isolationism and signed the Convention of Kanagawa between Japan and the United States in 1854. Perry was interested in the education of naval officers and assisted in the development of an apprentice system that helped establish the curriculum at the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered "The Father of the Steam Navy" in the United States. Lineage Matthew Perry was a member of the Perry family, a son of Sarah Wallace (née Alexander) (1768–1830) and Navy Captain Christopher Raymond Perry (1761–1818). He was born April 10, 1794, in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. His siblings included Oliver Hazard Perry, Raymond Henry Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Okgyun
Kim Okkyun (; February 23, 1851 – March 28, 1894) was a Korean scholar-bureaucrat of the late Joseon period. He was a member of the reformist Gaehwa Party. He served under King Gojong of Joseon, Gojong, and actively participated to advance Western European ideas and sciences in Korea. The goal of the reform movement was to develop Korea in government, technology, and military by using foreign resources to help Korea become stable enough to withstand anticipated increases in foreign encroachment. Kim was assassinated in Shanghai, and later was given the posthumous title "Chungdal". Early life Kim was born into the Andong Kim clan to Kim Pyŏngt'ae and his wife, Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan, on 23 February 1851 in South Chungcheong Province. Through his father, Kim is related to Kim Sangyong, the older brother of Queen Sunwon's 6th great-grandfather, Kim Sang-gwan. His family was poor, and, by the age of four, they moved to Cheonan. His father opened a Seodang, or Korean v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gapsin Coup
The Kapsin Coup, also known as the Kapsin Revolution, was a failed three-day coup d'état that occurred in Korea during 1884. Korean reformers in the Enlightenment Party sought to initiate rapid changes within the country, including eliminating social distinctions by abolishing the legal privileges of the yangban class. The coup d'état attempt, with Japanese support, began on December 4, 1884, with seizure of the royal palace Changdeokgung in Seoul and the killing of several members of the pro-Chinese conservative faction. However, the coup was eventually suppressed by a Chinese garrison stationed in the country. Thwarted by the Chinese actions, some of the pro-Japanese faction leaders found exile in Japan. The event led to informal Chinese domination of Korea from 1885 to 1894. Within the Joseon court, Chinese influence grew particularly under the Resident-General Yuan Shikai. Background After the Imo Incident of 1882, early reform efforts in Korea suffered a major setback ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlightenment Party
The Kaehwa Party (), sometimes written as the Kaehwapa or Kaehwadang, was a Liberalism, liberal and Progressivism, progressive party in the Korean state Joseon. It was also called the Independence Party of Joseon, the Innovation Party of Joseon, and the Reformist Faction. Description The faction formed after the Imo Incident. Members wished to change Korea's submissive relationship to Qing dynasty, Qing China and were opposed to what they called the ''Sadae'' Party (), a group that supported Empress Myeongseong and the Qing dynasty. Leading scholars who visited Japan took inspiration from the Meiji Restoration in the Empire of Japan and reformed domestic affairs. The central figures of this party were Kim Ok-gyun, Hong Yeong-sik, Seo Jae-pil and Seo Gwang-bum. As the Conservative Party also participated in similar activities, the Enlightenment Party is also called the ''Radical Reformist Faction'' to distinguish between them. The Enlightenment Party orchestrated the Gapsin Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan–Korea Treaty Of 1882
The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1882, also known as the Treaty of Chemulpo or the ''Chemulpo Convention,'' was negotiated between Japan and Korea following the Imo Incident in July 1882.Takenobu, Yoshitaro. (1887). ; excerpt, "''Korea agreed in the ''so-called Chemulpo Convention'' to pay apanan indemnity and to build at her own cost barracks for the apaneseLegation guards''." Background On July 23, 1882, factional strife between Koreans in Korea's capital expanded beyond the initial causes of the disturbance. As the violence unfolded, the Japanese legation was destroyed by rioters. The Japanese diplomats were forced to flee the country. When order was restored, the Japanese government demanded damages and other concessions form the Korean government. The negotiations were concluded in August 1882. Article V of the "convention" permitted the Japanese to protect the Japanese legation and the Japanese community in Korea. In 1884, the Japanese forgave the ¥400,000 indemnity wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seoul
Seoul, officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City, is the capital city, capital and largest city of South Korea. The broader Seoul Metropolitan Area, encompassing Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Incheon, emerged as the world's List of cities by GDP, sixth largest metropolitan economy in 2022, trailing behind New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Tokyo Area, Tokyo, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Paris metropolitan area, Paris, and London metropolitan area, London, and hosts more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at about 9.6 million residents as of 2024. Seoul is the seat of the Government of South Korea, South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legation
A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a minister. Ambassadors outranked ministers and had precedence at official events. Legations were originally the most common form of diplomatic mission, but they fell out of favor after World War II and were upgraded to embassies. History Through the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations. An ambassador was considered the personal representative of their monarch, so only a major power that was a monarchy would send an ambassador, and only to another major power that was also a monarchy. A republic or a smaller monarchy would only send a minister and establish a legation. Because of diplomatic reciprocity, even a major monarchy would only establish a legation in a republic or a smaller monarchy. For example, in the waning years of the Second French Empire, the North Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imo Incident
The Imo Incident, also sometimes known as the Imo Mutiny, Soldier's riot or Jingo-gunran in Japanese, was a violent uprising and riot in Seoul beginning in 1882, by soldiers of the Joseon Army who were later joined by disaffected members of the wider Korean population. The revolt broke out in part due to King Gojong's support for reform and modernization, as well as the employment of Japanese military advisors.Pratt, Keith L. ''et al.'' (1999). "Imo Incident" in Some sources credit rumors as the spark which ignited violence, where many Korean soldiers were worried by the prospect of incorporating Japanese officers in a new army structure. The trigger for the riot is largely attributed to a reaction about unpaid soldiers wages, who found sand and bad rice in soldiers' rations. At the time, soldiers could be paid in rice as it was used in place of currency. The rioters killed many government officials, destroyed homes of high government ministers and occupied the Changdeokgun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunboat Diplomacy
Gunboat diplomacy is the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare should terms not be agreeable to the superior force. The term originated in the 19th century, during the age of imperialism, when Western powers, especially the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the United States would use their superior military capabilities, particularly their naval assets, to intimidate less powerful nations into granting concessions. The mere presence of warships off a country's coast was often enough to have a significant effect, making the actual use of force rarely necessary. Etymology The term "gunboat diplomacy" comes from the nineteenth-century period of imperialism, when Western powersfrom Europe and the United Stateswould intimidate other, less powerful entities into granting concessions through a demonstration of Western superior military capabilities, usually represented by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganghwa Island Incident
The Ganghwa Island incident or the Japanese Battle of Ganghwa ( ''Unyo-ho sageon'' meaning "'' Un'yō'' incident"; ''Kōka-tō jiken'') was an armed clash between the Joseon dynasty of Korea and Japan which occurred in the vicinity of Ganghwa Island on September 20, 1875. Background In the second half of the 19th century, the Korean Peninsula was the scene of a power struggle between several imperial powers, including the Russians and the French, as well as the Chinese and the Japanese. The Meiji Restoration of 1868 ended the 265-year-old feudalistic Tokugawa shogunate in Japan. The new government of Japan sent a messenger holding a letter with the sovereign's message which informed of the founding of a new administration of Japan to the government of Korea Joseon dynasty on December 19, 1868. However, the Koreans refused to receive the letter because it contained the Chinese characters 皇 ("royal, imperial") and 勅 ("imperial decree"). According to the political system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duress
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response. These actions may include extortion, blackmail, or even torture and sexual assault. Common-law systems codify the act of violating a law while under coercion as a duress crime. Coercion used as leverage may force victims to act in a way contrary to their own interests. Coercion can involve not only the infliction of bodily harm, but also psychological abuse (the latter intended to enhance the perceived credibility of the threat). The threat of further harm may also lead to the acquiescence of the person being coerced. The concepts of coercion and persuasion are similar, but various factors distinguish the two. These include the intent, the willingness to cause harm, the result of the interaction, and the optio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
