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GS-441524
GS-441524 is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug which was developed by Gilead Sciences. It is the main plasma metabolite of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir, and has a half-life of around 24 hours in human patients. Remdesivir and GS-441524 were both found to be effective ''in vitro'' against feline coronavirus strains responsible for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal systemic disease affecting domestic cats. Remdesivir was never tested in cats (though some vets now offer it), but GS-441524 has been found to be effective treatment for FIP. It is widely used despite no official FDA approval due to Gilead's refusal to license this drug for veterinary use. In several countries oral GS-441524 tablets (and injectable remdesivir) became legally available to vets for the treatment of FIP in cats, for example Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Besides remdesivir, other prodrugs include obeldesivir (Gilead Sciences, Phase III) and deuremidevir (Vigon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remdesivir
Remdesivir, sold under the brand name Veklury, Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. is a Broad-spectrum antiviral drug, broad-spectrum antiviral medication developed by the biopharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences. It is administered via intravenous, injection into a vein. During the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID19 pandemic, remdesivir was approved or authorized for emergency use to treat Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID19 in numerous countries. Remdesivir was originally developed to treat hepatitis C, and was subsequently investigated for Ebola, Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease, Marburg virus infections before being studied as a post-infection treatment for COVID19. Remdesivir is a prodrug that is intended to allow intracellular delivery of GS-441524 monophosphate and subsequent biotransformation into GS-441524 triphosphate, a ribonucleotide analogue inhibitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and aberrant immune response in cats to infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV). The virus and pathogenesis of FIP FCoV is a virus of the gastrointestinal tract. Most infections are either asymptomatic or cause diarrhea, especially in kittens, as maternally derived antibody wanes at between 5 and 7 weeks of age. The virus is a mutation of feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). From the gut, the virus very briefly undergoes a Systemic disease, systemic phase, before returning to the gut where it is shed in the feces. The pathogenesis of FIP is complex. There is a general consensus that FIPVs arise from mutations enabling them to enter or replicate more successfully in monocytes (a type of white blood cell). However, many aspects of virus–host interactions affecting the disease remain uncertain, such as the factors that influence disease form (wet or dry), outcome (death or resistance), and host susceptibility. Virus and disease tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obeldesivir
Obeldesivir (GS-5245, ATV006) is an isobutyric ester prodrug of GS-441524 made by Gilead Sciences that is currently in Phase III trials for the outpatient treatment of COVID-19 in high risk patients. The purpose of the isobutyric ester modification on obeldesivir is to improve the oral bioavailability In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. Ho ... of the parent nucleoside, GS-441524. Obeldesivir is hydrolyzed to its parent nucleoside, GS-441524, which is in turn converted to remdesivir-triphosphate (GS-443902) by a nucleoside kinase, adenylate kinase and nucleotide diphosphate kinase. GS-443902 is a bioactive Adenosine triphosphate, ATP analogue with broad-spectrum antiviral activity and is the same compound formed by remdesivir, though by a different enzymatic pathway. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feline Coronavirus
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that infects cats worldwide. It is a coronavirus of the species ''Alphacoronavirus suis'', which includes canine coronavirus (CCoV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). FCoV has two different forms: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), which infects the intestines, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), which causes the disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Feline coronavirus is typically shed in feces by healthy cats, and transmitted by the fecal-oral route to other cats. In environments with multiple cats, the transmission rate is much higher compared to single-cat environments. The virus is insignificant until mutations cause it to be transformed from FECV to FIPV. FIPV causes feline infectious peritonitis, for which treatment is generally symptomatic and palliative only. The drug GS-441524 shows promise as an antiviral treatment for FIP, but at the moment it still require ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Citizen
Public Citizen is an American non-profit, Progressivism in the United States, progressive consumer rights advocacy group, and think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1971 by the American activist and lawyer Ralph Nader. Lobbying efforts Public Citizen advocates before all three branches of the United States federal government. Its five divisions include Congress Watch; Energy; Global Trade Watch; the Health Research Group; and Public Citizen Litigation Group, a nationally prominent public interest law firm founded by Alan Morrison and known for its Supreme Court and appellate practice. Among other issues, Public Citizen has been a public voice on Prescription drug prices in the United States, drug pricing. For example, they advocated for Gilead Sciences to test GS-441524, a cheaper alternative to remdesivir. History In 1968, Nader recruited seven volunteer law students, dubbed "Nader's Raiders" by the Washington press corps, to evaluate the efficacy and operation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Pass Metabolism
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation. The effect is most associated with orally administered medications, but some drugs still undergo first-pass metabolism even when delivered via an alternate route (e.g., IV, IM, etc.). During this metabolism, drug is lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall. The liver is the major site of first pass effect; however, it can also occur in the lungs, vasculature or other metabolically active tissues in the body. Notable drugs that experience a significant first pass effect are buprenorphine, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, diazepam, ethanol (drinking alcohol), imipramine, insulin, lidocaine, midazolam, morphine, pethidine, propranolol, and tetrahydrocann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuremidevir
Deuremidevir, also known as VV116, is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug. It is administrated through oral tablets, which contain the hydrobromide salt of this drug. The drug is a deuterated tri- isobutyrate of GS-441524, the active metabolite of remdesivir. It was first described in a November 2020 preprint by a team including members of Wuhan Institute of Virology and Vigonvita. It completed a phase 3 trial in 2022. Results from a separate Phase 3 trial conducted in mainland China from October 2022 to January 2023 suggested that deuremidevir may shorten the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate disease compared to placebo. Junshi, which markets the drug, received conditional approval from China's National Medical Products Administration The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA; ) is a national bureau responsible for drug supervision under the State Council of China and is managed by the State Administration for Market ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of Health And Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the US federal government created to protect the health of the US people and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America". Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979, it was called the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). HHS is administered by the secretary of health and human services, who is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the uniformed service of the PHS, is led by the surgeon general who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the secretary or by the assistant secretary for health in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps. History Federal Security Agency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify specific components in mixtures. The mixtures can originate from food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biological, environmental and agriculture, etc., which have been dissolved into liquid solutions. It relies on high pressure pumps, which deliver mixtures of various solvents, called the mobile phase, which flows through the system, collecting the sample mixture on the way, delivering it into a cylinder, called the column, filled with solid particles, made of adsorbent material, called the stationary phase. Each component in the sample interacts differently with the adsorbent material, causing different migration rates for each component. These different rates lead to separation as the species flow out of the column into a specific detector such as UV detectors. The output of the detector is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over State court (United States), state court cases that turn on questions of Constitution of the United States, U.S. constitutional or Law of the United States, federal law. It also has Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States, original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." In 1803, the Court asserted itself the power of Judicial review in the United States, judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution via the landmark case ''Marbury v. Madison''. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiviral
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees. Medical uses Most of the antiviral drugs now available are designed to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the hepatitis B and C viruses, and influenza A and B viruses. Viruses use the host's cells to replicate and this makes it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
