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Fédéré
The term "''fédérés''" (; sometimes translated to English as "federates") most commonly refers to the troops who volunteered for the French National Guard in the summer of 1792 during the French Revolution. The ''fédérés'' of 1792 effected a transformation of the Guard from a constitutional monarchist force into a republican revolutionary force. ''"Fédérés"'' has several other closely related meanings, also discussed in this article. Origin and terminology The term "fédérés" derives from the '' Fête de la Fédération'', the annual celebration during the revolutionary era, celebrated at the Champ de Mars in Paris on the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789. However, the term ''"fédérés"'' as used by historians today almost always refers to the volunteer troops of 1792. The third ''fête'' of 1792 was of a far more radical nature than that of 1790, and prefigured the militant insurrections later in the year. 1790 celebration At the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10 August (French Revolution)
The insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the Ancien Régime, French monarchy, stormed the Tuileries Palace. The conflict led France to Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy, abolish the monarchy and establish a French First Republic, republic. Conflict between King Louis XVI and the country's new revolutionary Legislative Assembly (France), Legislative Assembly increased through the spring and summer of 1792 as Louis vetoed radical measures voted upon by the Assembly. Tensions accelerated dramatically on 1 August when news reached Paris that the commander of the allied Prussian and Habsburg monarchy, Austrian armies had issued the Brunswick Manifesto, threatening "unforgettable vengeance" on Paris should harm be done to the French royal family. On 10 August, the National Guard (France), National Guard of the Paris Commune (French Revolution), Paris Commune and ''fé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Marie Servan De Gerbey
Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey (; 14 February 1741 – 10 May 1808) was a French general. During the Revolution he served twice as Minister of War and briefly led the '' Army of the Western Pyrenees''. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 33. Biography Servan was born in the village of Romans in south-eastern France. His older brother was the lawyer and publicist Joseph Michel Antoine Servan. He volunteered for the regiment of Guyenne on 20 December 1760. He rose to Engineering Officer, then Deputy Governor of the pages of King Louis XVI, then colonel, then brigadier general on 8 May 1792. He was recommended as Minister of War by the Girondin leadership, and served a brief term from 9 May to 12 June 1792. Servan assumed the office in a time of war, the first year of the War of the First Coalition. Within days of his appointment he oversaw the dismissal of the royal Garde du Corps and the Swiss Guards; he also abolished corporal pun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claire Lacombe
Claire Lacombe (4 August 1765 – 2 May 1826) was a French actress and revolutionary. She is best known for her contributions during the French Revolution. Though it was only for a few years, Lacombe was a revolutionary and a founding member of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women. Early life Lacombe was born in the provincial town of Pamiers in southwestern France. She became an actress at a young age and appeared in theatrical productions in the provinces before arriving in Paris in 1792. She was not an outstanding success in the theater, and she was not entirely happy with her life. The acting company that Lacombe worked for moved from town to town and sometimes went to castles and the country houses of aristocrats. This probably had an influence in her decision to quit the company to become a revolutionary. Revolutionary career In Paris during the insurrection of 10 August 1792, Lacombe fought with the rebels during the storming of the Tuileries. She was shot t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Guard (France)
The National Guard () is a French military, gendarmerie, and police reserve force, active in its current form since 2016 but originally founded in 1789 during the French Revolution. It was founded as separate from the French Army and existed both for policing and as a military reserve. However, in its original stages from 1792 to 1795, the National Guard was perceived as revolutionary and the lower ranks were identified with sans-culottes. It experienced a period of official dissolution from 1827 to 1830 but was reestablished. Soon after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the National Guard in Paris again became viewed as dangerously revolutionary, which contributed to its dissolution in 1871. In 2016, France announced the reestablishment of the National Guard for the second time, in response to a series of terrorist attacks in the country. Creation The raising of a "Bourgeois Guard" (''"garde bourgeoise"'') for Paris was discussed by the National Assembly on 11 Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fête De La Fédération
The (; ) was a massive holiday festival held throughout Kingdom of France, France in 1790 in honour of the French Revolution, celebrating the Revolution itself, as well as national unity. It commemorated the revolution and events of 1789 which had culminated in a new form of national government, a constitutional monarchy led by a representative National Constituent Assembly (France), Assembly. The inaugural ''fête'' of 1790 was set for 14 July, to coincide with the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, although that is not what was celebrated. At this relatively calm stage of the Revolution, many people considered France's period of political struggle to be over. This thinking was encouraged by the constitutional monarchist ''Monarchiens''. The first ''fête'' was designed with a role for King Louis XVI that would respect and maintain his royal status, while emphasizing his new role as the citizen king of the incipient French classical liberalism, liberal constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théroigne De Méricourt
Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt (born ''Anne-Josèphe Terwagne''; 13 August 1762 – 8 June 1817) was a Belgian singer, orator and organizer in the French Revolution. She was born at Marcourt, in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (from which comes the appellation "de Méricourt"), a small town in the modern Belgian province of Luxembourg. She was active in the French Revolution and worked within the Austrian Low Countries to also foster revolution. She was held in an Austrian prison from 1791 to 1792 for being an agent provocateur in Belgium. She was a cofounder of a Parisian revolutionary club and had warrants for her arrest issued in France for her alleged participation in the October Days uprising. She is known both for her portrayal in the French Revolutionary press and for her subsequent mental breakdown and institutionalization. Early life (1767–1789) She was born Anne-Josèphe Terwagne in Marcourt, Rendeux, to Pierre Terwagne (b. 1731) and Anne-Élisabeth Laha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reine Audu
Louise-Renée Leduc (died 1793), known as Louise Reine Audu, was a French fruit seller, known for her participation in the French Revolution. She was counted as one of the Heroines of the revolution. On 5 October 1789 she, alongside Théroigne de Méricourt, led The Women's March on Versailles. At Versailles, she belonged to the delegation allowed an audience with the monarch to put forward their complaints. She led the march back to Paris with the royal court in triumph. Afterwards, however, she was imprisoned in the Grand Châtelet and the Conciergerie. She was freed 15 September 1791 by the efforts of the Cordeliers and Louis-Barthélemy Chenaux. On 10 August 1792, she participated in the storming of the Tuileries Palace. She fought personally with the soldiers of the Swiss guard. She was honoured with a sword by the Paris commune The Paris Commune (, ) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris on 18 March 1871 and controlled parts of the city unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sans-culottes
The (; ) were the working class, common people of the social class in France, lower classes in late 18th-century history of France, France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their French Revolution#Causes, poor quality of life under the . The word , which is opposed to "aristocrat", seems to have been used for the first time on 28 February 1791 by Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan in a derogatory sense, speaking about a " army". The word came into vogue during the demonstration of 20 June 1792. The name refers to their clothing, and through that to their lower-class status: were the fashionable silk Breeches, knee-breeches of the 18th-century French nobility, nobility and Bourgeoisie#In France and French-speaking countries, bourgeoisie, and the working class wore Trousers#Modern Europe, ''pantaloons'', or long trousers, instead.Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Sans-culottes". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (11th ed.), 1911. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (, ) was a palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in the west-front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 and demolished in 1883. Construction began in 1564, originally to serve as a home for Queen Catherine de' Medici, and was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, the courtyard has remained open to the west, and the site now overlooks the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper. History Plan of Catherine de' Medici (16th century) The site of the Tuileries Palace was originally just outside the walls of the city, in an area frequently flooded by the Seine as far as the present Rue Saint-Honoré. The land w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordeliers Convent
There were several Cordeliers Convents (French: ''Couvent des Cordeliers'') in France. ''Cordeliers'' was the name given in France to the Conventual Franciscans. Cordeliers Convent in Paris The Cordeliers Convent in Paris is located 15 rue de l'École de Médecine in the 6th arrondissement of the capital. The Cordeliers Convent in Paris was built during the 13th century. It served as a school of theology, a care center and a church. It was nationalized in 1790 and became the home the eponymous Club of the Cordeliers, which held its first meetings there during the French Revolution. The group was evicted from the building on 17 May 1791. The building later housed the Dupuytren Museum of anatomy in connection with the school of medicine, until 2016. It became a monument historique in 1905. Burials at the convent in Paris * Arthur II, Duke of Brittany * Blanche of France, Infanta of Castile * Joan I of Navarre, Queen of France and Navarre * Marie of Brabant, Queen of Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Barbaroux
Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux (; 6 March 1767 – 25 June 1794) was a Girondin politician of the French Revolution, Revolutionary period and Freemason. He was the leader of the Fédérés and popular in the South of France. Biography Early career Born in Marseille, Barbaroux was educated at first by the local Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, Oratorians, then studied law in Aix-en-Provence, and became a successful lawyer. In 1789 he was appointed ''Secretary, greffier'' to the commune of Marseille, and in 1792 was commissioned to go to the Legislative Assembly (France), Legislative Assembly and demand the accusation of the directorate of the ''Département in France, département'' of Bouches-du-Rhône, as accomplices in a House of Bourbon, Royalist movement in Arles. In Paris, he was received in the Jacobin club, and contacted Jacques Pierre Brissot and Jean Marie Roland de la Platiere and his wife Madame Roland. It was at his instigation that Marseille sent to Paris the Fédéré ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
