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Fundición Ventanas
Fundición Ventanas is a copper smelter plant in Quintero, Valparaíso Region, Chile. It is owned by Codelco. The plant produces a significant amount of sulfuric acid. Its emissions of sulfur dioxide, an atmospheric contaminant, is within the limits allowed by Chilean environmental law but below international standards. According to Codelco's CEO André Sougarret one of the problems of Fundición Ventanas is that on a third of the year's days meteorological "condictions are adverse for the dispersal" of its gas emissions. In June 2022 the government of Chile announced that a closure process for the plant was to begin. Its workers have protested against the closure. There is no consensus on where to build a new larger and more modern plant in replacement. Antofagasta Region or Atacama Region has been proposed by Chilean industry scholars as viable replacements. Others have argued for keeping smelting in Valparaíso Region given the existence of nearby mines. While some argue the rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintero
Quintero is a Chilean city and commune in Valparaíso Province, in the Valparaíso Region, 30 kilometers north of Valparaíso. The commune spans an area of . It was the first port in the country, created during the expedition of Diego de Almagro. Fundición Ventanas and other heavy industries are located in the commune of Quintero. History The name of the city comes from Alonso Quintero, the Spanish navigator who discovered the bay in 1536 when he arrived on the ship ''Santiaguillo''. In the early years of 21st century, Quintero has become famous as a symbol of insufficient environmental policies. Since the beginnings of 20th century when an industrialization politics started, in the zone were built a thermoelectric coal plant by Chilectra (currently Enel Américas) and the copper smelter Fundición Ventanas by Codelco in the nearby town of the same name; arriving to this date (2019) to be a zone informally known as Industrial Park Quintero- Puchuncaví, including oil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Concentrate
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper. Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted. History Prehistory The Old Copper Complex in North America has been radiomet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Smelters In Chile
Copper is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductility, ductile metal with very high thermal conductivity, thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a Copper (color), pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material#Metal, building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable, unalloyed metallic form. This means that copper is a native metal. This led to very early human use in several regions, from . Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be Smelting, smelted from sulfide ores, ; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimneys In Chile
A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect. The space inside a chimney is called the ''flue''. Chimneys are adjacent to large industrial refineries, fossil fuel combustion facilities or part of buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term ''smokestack industry'' refers to the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels by industrial society, including the electric industry during its earliest history. The term ''smokestack'' (colloquially, ''stack'') is also used when referring to locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, and the term ''funnel'' can also be used. The height of a chimney in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Valparaíso Region
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollution In Quintero And Puchuncaví
The Chilean port of Quintero and adjacent Puchuncaví have made themselves known for their pollution in the 2010s and 2020s. They have together been characterized as a sacrifice zone. The zone hosts the coal-fired Ventanas Power Plant, an oil refinery, a cement storage, Fundición Ventanas, a copper foundry and refinery, a lubricant factory and a chemical terminal. In total 15 polluting companies operate in the area. In 1992 there was a judicial appeal filed by five women from Puchuncavi against Fundición Ventanas and Chilgener, this was filed against the refinery for the toxic clouds it emitted. In areas near the polluting industries, testing in 1997 showed high levels copper in the soil. High level of selenium and copper were also found in rainwater near the industries. In 2011, Escuela La Greda located in Puchuncaví, was engulfed in a chemical cloud from the Ventanas Industrial Complex. The sulfur cloud poisoned an estimated 33 children and 9 teachers, resulting in the reloca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirquinero
In Chile and nearby areas of Argentina and Bolivia a () is a miner who extracts minerals in a traditional manner and is usually independent. A charactistic of the is that they are involved in a wide range of stages of the production including mineral prospecting, extraction and processing. The activity is typically associated with low capital investments and the use of rudimentary technology. There are that work on gold, copper and, in the localities of south-central Chile of Coronel and Lota, coal. The Norte Chico region of Chile is historically the place with most intense activity. More specifically in Chile concentrate in the communes of Diego de Almagro, Andacollo, Vallenar, Copiapó, Tocopilla, Chañaral and Taltal. 250px, in Tierra Amarilla, Atacama Region. For legal pourposes any workforce of more than six persons is too large to be considered in Chilean legislation. in Chile have since 1984 a workplace insurance against occupational injury and illnesses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Copper Smelters In Chile
The following is a list of copper smelters in Chile that have been active at some point after 1950. Chile is the world's largest producer of copper and activity provides a substantial part of the Chilean state's revenue: slightly less than 6% in 2020, with state-owned copper company Codelco alone generating 2.6% of state revenue. In 2024 copper processed in Chilean copper smelters made up 33% of the value of Chilean mining products exports while unrefined copper concentrate Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ... represented 50.9% of the value of Chilean mining exports. Since the 1990s no new copper smelters have been built in Chile. Copper smelters that serves a specific mine is called integrated smelters. A custom copper smelter is one receiving or open to receive ores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Mining In Chile
Chile is the world's largest producer of copper and has been so uninterruptedly since 1983. This activity provides a substantial part of the Chilean state's revenue: slightly less than 6% in 2020, with state-owned copper company Codelco alone generating 2.6% of state revenue. Mining of copper in Chile is done chiefly on giant low-grade porphyry copper deposits which are primarily mined by the following companies; Codelco, BHP, Antofagasta Minerals, Anglo American plc, Anglo American and Glencore. Together these companies stood for 83.6% of the copper output in Chile in 2019 and many copper mining companies are joint ventures involving one at least one of these. Medium-scale mining in Chile, which focuses mainly on copper, produced about 4.5% of the copper mined in the country from 2017 to 2021. Copper is also the main product of small-scale mining in Chile, with about 95% of small-scale miners working in copper mining. One estimate puts the number of active copper mines in Chile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Sutulov
Alexander Sutulov Popov (1925, Yugoslavia/Croatia – 1991) was a Yugoslavia-born Russian and Chilean chemical engineer specialized in electrometallurgy and extractive metallurgy and active in El Teniente copper mine and various research institutions. In the University of Concepción he contributed to the establishment of the Metallurgy, metallurgical engineering degree in 1961. He fought in the Red Army in the Second World War and graduated from the University of Belgrade in 1950. He was forced to leave Yugoslavia when a decree was issued expelling all non-Communist Russian citizens from the country. In 1955 he arrived on a contract by Braden Copper Company to the Andes, Andean mining town of Sewell, Chile, Sewell in Chile. There he worked as chief of metallurgical research of El Teniente. In 1961 he was invited to work in the University of Concepción by its rector David Stitchkin. From 1970 to 1973 he worked in the University of Utah and from 1974 onward, and back in Chile, in Code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medium-scale Mining
Medium-scale mining refers to mining that is larger than artisanal or small-scale mining but smaller than large-scale mining. Its exact definition may vary by country and also between different organizations within a country. Some criteria are based on the yearly man-hours employed in the mining operation and others on either the total mass ore extracted, the mass of metal (or non-metallic mineral) extracted or the dry-equivalent mass of ore concentrate produced. Definitions The Chilean mining guild Sociedad Nacional de Minería (SONAMI) defines medium-scale mining as those producing copper in the range of 1,500 to 50,000 metric tons per year. For the mining of other metals and non-metallic mining SONAMI's definition of medium-scale mining is based on equivalents on the tonnage that defines medium-scale copper mining. For Chile's National Geology and Mining Service medium-scale mining is that which employ between 1 million and 200 thousand man-hours per year, which is equivalent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
