|
Fuerza Nueva
New Force (, FN) was the name of a far-right political party in Spain founded by Blas Piñar, director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture and longtime ''procurador'' in the Cortes Españolas during the Francoist period. Originally operating as a publishing house, FN sought to preserve Francoism in Spain during the transition to democracy. After its dissolution as a political party in 1982, it continued to operate as a publishing house under the same name, and its political activities and stylings were succeeded by the National Front party. Founding and activities as a political party New Force was founded in 1966 as ''Fuerza Nueva Editorial SA'', a publishing house of far-right and Francoist literature (by 1967 also ). From the beginning, their literature was aimed at an audience of nostalgic Falangists and Francoists. By 1976, Piñar reorganized FN as the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the new Spanish democracy; its leadership consisted of Piñar a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blas Piñar
Blas Piñar López (22 November 1918 – 28 January 2014) was a Spanish far-right politician. Having connections to Catholic organizations, during the Francoist dictatorship he directed the Institute of Hispanic Culture (''Instituto de Cultura Hispánica'') and served as ''procurador'' in the Cortes and as national councillor (1955–1977). He later became a member of the Congress of Deputies in 1979. He led the far-right New Force and National Front political parties. Biography Piñar was born in Toledo. He was a law student in Madrid when the Spanish Civil War broke out and took refuge in the embassies of Finland and Paraguay, later doing work as a clandestine "fifth columnist" for the Nationalist forces. From 1957 to 1962, he was in charge of the Institute of Hispanic Culture that was dedicated to managing scholarships between Latin American and Spanish universities. After a trip to Latin America and the Philippines, Piñar wrote an article for the Madrid newspaper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro De Lacalle Leloup
Álvaro de Lacalle Leloup (29 October 1918 – 1 September 2004) was a Spanish military officer who served as President of the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff between 1982 and 1984, i.e., chief of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces at the time. During the Spanish Civil War, Lacalle was a Carlist Requeté combatant for the Nationalist faction. During World War II, he was one of the volunteers of the so-called Blue Division (, ), or the 250th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht; the division was sent to the Eastern Front by the Francoist regime to fight alongside Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet .... Awards * Grand Cross (with White Decoration) of Naval Merit (1962) * Grand Cross of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Herme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing politics, left-leaning Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangism, Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and Traditionalism (Spain), traditionalists led by a National Defense Junta, military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international Interwar period#Great Depression, political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, a War of religion, religious struggle, or a struggle between dictatorship and Republicanism, republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Spanish General Election
A General elections in Spain, general election was held in Spain on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the members of the Spanish . All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate of Spain, Senate. It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936 Spanish general election, 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was called by Prime Minister of Spain, Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez as part of the political reform of the Francoist Spain, Francoist regime, ongoing since shortly after Francisco Franco's death in 1975 and promoted by his successor, King of Spain, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I. Its aim was to elect a Constituent Cortes that was to draft a Spanish Constitution of 1978, new constitution, which would ultimately lead to the repealing of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and the culmination of the country's Spanish transition to democracy, transition to democracy. The Union of the Demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Spain
The Communist Party of Spain (; PCE) is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is currently part of Sumar. Two of its politicians are Spanish government ministers: Yolanda Díaz (Minister of Labour and Social Economy) and Sira Rego (Minister of Youth and Children). The PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because the social democrat wing did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party () and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (). The PCE was first legalized after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931. The republic was the first democratic regime in the history of Spain. The PCE gained much support in the months before the Spanish coup of July 1936, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Atocha Massacre
The 1977 Atocha massacre was an attack by right-wing extremists in the center of Madrid on 24 January 1977, which saw the assassination of five labor activists from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the workers' federation ''Comisiones Obreras'' (CC.OO). The act occurred within the wider context of far-right reaction to Spain's transition to constitutional democracy following the death of dictator Francisco Franco. Intended to provoke a violent left-wing response that would provide legitimacy for a subsequent right-wing counter coup d'état, the massacre had an immediate opposite effect, generating mass popular revulsion of the far-right and accelerating the legalization of the long-banned Communist Party. On the evening of 24 January, three men entered a legal support office for workers run by the PCE on Atocha Street in central Madrid, and opened fire on all present. Those killed were labour lawyers , Luis Javier Benavides Orgaz and ; law student ; and administrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warriors Of Christ The King
The ''Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey'' (English: Warriors of Christ the King) was a far-right paramilitary organisation active in the late 1970s in Spain, primarily in the Basque Country and Madrid, but also in Navarre. History The group emerged at a time of factionism within the Carlist movement. Historically Carlism was a traditionalist, legitimist and Catholic movement, supporting a different monarchical line to the one occupying the Spanish throne. Under the leadership of Carlos Hugo, the group began to support a left-wing, social democrat ideology under the banner of the Carlist Party. This caused large-scale conflict within the movement; many proclaimed his more traditionalist-minded brother, Sixtus Henry, as Carlist regent. Probably the most notable incident involving the group was the Montejurra massacre of 1976, which happened during the annual Carlist pilgrimage to the Montejurra mountain in Navarre. During this attack, two supporters of the Carlos Hugo faction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montejurra Massacre
The Montejurra incidents, was a neo-fascist terrorist attack that took place on 9 May 1976, when two Carlist members were killed and another three seriously wounded by right-wing gunmen at the annual Carlist Party celebration that was held in Montejurra, Navarre, Spain. The incident The Carlists, members of a counter-revolutionary monarchist movement that joined the alliance of Nationalists supporting Franco in the Spanish Civil War (19361939), had split between their more traditional, counter-revolutionary, Ancien Régime, Catholic, anti-capitalistic, anti-socialistic, pro-legitimate monarchist adherents and a new confederal, socialist, autogestionary movement. The left-wing part of the movement was the target of a violent incident organized by Franco's supporters, informally known as the ''bunker'', who still controlled the state apparatus. Ricardo García Pellejero and Aniano Jiménez Santo, two supporters of Carlist pretender Carlos-Hugo de Borbón-Parma, were murdere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Force
Young Force (in Spanish: ''Fuerza Joven'' - FJ) was the youth wing of ''Fuerza Nueva'' (New Force), the Spanish far-right nationalist party founded in 1966. Although the organization was short-lived, it had amongst its ranks several individuals who later figured as leaders of other Spanish far-right organizations, like José Luis Corral, leader of the '' Movimiento Católico Español'' (Spanish Catholic Movement) and Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas, founder of the '' Alianza por la Unidad Nacional'' (Alliance for National Unity). FJ was involved in several acts of violence against its opponents, for example the massacre of trade unionists at Atocha in 1977, the murder of Arturo Ruiz, and attacks on university faculties in Madrid and Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederación Nacional Del Trabajo
The (CNT; ) is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist national trade union center, trade union confederation. Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union ''Solidaridad Obrera (historical union), Solidaridad Obrera'', it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA, Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Labor movement in Spain, Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and Mutual aid (politics), mutual aid. Historically affiliated with the IWA–AIT, International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT). Organization and function Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditionalist Catholicism
Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, liturgical forms, devotions and presentations of teaching associated with the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the Tridentine Mass, the Roman Rite liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council Mass of Paul VI. Many Traditionalist Catholics disliked the liturgical changes that followed the Second Vatican Council, and prefer to continue to practice pre-Second Vatican Council traditions and forms. Some also see present teachings on ecumenism as blurring the distinction between Catholics and other Christians. Traditional Catholicism is often more conservative in its philosophy and worldview, promoting a modest style of dressing and teaching a complementarian view of gender roles. A minority of Traditionalist Catholics reject the current papacy of the Catholic Church and follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
