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Frontier Crimes Regulations
The Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were a special set of laws of British Raj, British India, and which were applicable to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Tribal Areas. They were enacted by the British Empire in the nineteenth century and remained in effect in Pakistan until 2018. They were extended to the Gilgit Agency in Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Jammu and Kashmir in 1901 and to Baltistan in 1947, remaining in effect till the 1970s. The law stated that three basic rights did not apply to the residents of FATA: ''appeal''; ''wakeel''; ''daleel''; (right to challenge a post conviction, conviction; right to counsel, right to legal representation; right to a fair trial, right to present reasoned evidence, respectively). Following the passing of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan by both Houses of Parliament and the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, President of Pakistan, President Mamnoon Hussain abolished the FCR and replaced ...
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Imperial Legislative Council
The Imperial Legislative Council (ILC) was the legislature of British Raj, British India from 1861 to 1947. It was established under the Government of India Act 1858 by providing for the addition of six additional members to the Governor General Council for legislative purposes. Thus, the act separated the legislative and executive functions of the council and it was this body within the Governor General's Council which came to known as the Indian/Central Legislative Council. In 1861 it was renamed as Imperial Legislative Council and the strength was increased. It succeeded the Council of Four (India), Council of the Governor-General of India, and was succeeded by the Constituent Assembly of India and after 1950, was succeeded by Parliament of India. During the rule of the East India Company, the council of the Governor-General of India had both executive and legislative responsibilities. The council had four members elected by the Court of Directors. The first three members were ...
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Provincial Assembly Of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which is located in Peshawar, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 145 seats, with 115 general seats, 26 seats reserved for women and 4 reserved for non-Muslims. Administration The Federal Government appoints a Governor as head of the Provincial Government, the province is divided into 35 districts. Each district has a Zilla Nazim, in a District the functions are devolved further to the Tehsil, Town and Union Council Governments.The Provincial Assembly and Government of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa: An Overview


Composition

After Final Delim ...
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Human Rights
Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered inherent and inalienable, meaning they belong to every individual simply by virtue of being human, regardless of characteristics like nationality, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status. They encompass a broad range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to life, freedom of expression, protection against enslavement, and right to education. The modern concept of human rights gained significant prominence after World War II, particularly in response to the atrocities of the Holocaust, leading to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. This document outlined a comprehensive framework of rights that countries are encouraged t ...
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Collective Punishment
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator(s) allegedly committed the crime. Because individuals who are not responsible for the acts are targeted, collective punishment is not compatible with the basic principle of individual responsibility. The punished group may often have no direct association with the perpetrator other than living in the same area and can not be assumed to exercise control over the perpetrator's actions. Collective punishment is prohibited by treaty in both international and non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Article 4 of the Additional Protocol II. Sources of law Hague Conventions The Hague C ...
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Dominion Of Pakistan
The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, which existed from 14 August 1947 to Pakistan Day, 23 March 1956. It was created by the passing of the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, British parliament, which also created an independent Dominion of India. The new dominion consisted of those presidencies and provinces of British India which were allocated to it in the Partition of India. Until 1947, these regions had been ruled by the United Kingdom as a part of the British Empire. Its status as a federal dominion within the British Empire ended in 1956 with the completion of the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, Constitution of Pakistan, which established the country as a republic. The constitution also administratively split the nation into West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Until then, these provinces had been governed as a singular entity, despite being separate geog ...
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Emirate Of Afghanistan
The Emirate of Afghanistan, known as the Emirate of Kabul until 1855, was an emirate in Central Asia and South Asia that encompassed present-day Afghanistan and parts of present-day Pakistan (before 1893). The emirate emerged from the Durrani Empire, when Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Barakzai dynasty in Kabul, prevailed. The history of the Emirate was dominated by the ' Great Game' between the Russian Empire and the British Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. This period was characterized by European influence in Afghanistan. The Emirate of Afghanistan continued the Durrani Empire's war with the Sikh Empire, losing control of the former Afghan stronghold of the Valley of Peshawar at the Battle of Nowshera on 14 March 1823. This was followed in 1838 by the First Anglo-Afghan War with British forces. The war eventually resulted in victory for Afghans, with the British withdrawal in 1842 and Dost Mohammad being reinstalled to the throne. However, during the ...
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Mortimer Durand
Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, (14 February 1850 – 8 June 1924) was a British diplomat and member of the Indian Civil Service. He is best-known as the namesake for the Durand Line, which serves as the international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Early life and education Born at Sehore, Bhopal, India, he was the son of Sir Henry Marion Durand, the Resident of Baroda and he was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School, and Tonbridge School. Career Durand entered the Indian Civil Service in 1873. He served as the Political Secretary in Kabul during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880); was Foreign Secretary of India from 1884 to 1894; and appointed Minister plenipotentiary at Tehran in 1894, where despite being a Persian scholar and fluently speaking the language and he made little impression either in Tehran or on his superiors in London. He left Persia in March 1900, by which time owing to the illness of his wife Ella he had withdrawn from social life and t ...
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Durand Line
The Durand Line (; ; ), also known as the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, is a international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South Asia. The western end runs to the border with Iran and the eastern end to the border with China. The Durand Line was established in 1893 as the international border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Indian Empire by Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat of the Indian Civil Service, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the List of monarchs of Afghanistan, Emir of Afghanistan, to fix the limit of their respective Sphere of influence, spheres of influence and improve diplomatic relations and trade. Britain considered Afghanistan to be an independent state at the time, although they controlled its Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan), foreign affairs and Foreign relations of Afghanistan, diplomatic relations. The single-page Agreement, dated 12 November 1893, contains seven short articles, including a commitment not to exercise Intervent ...
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North-West Frontier Province
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; ) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010. It was established on 9 November 1901 from the north-western districts of the Punjab Province (British India), British Punjab, during the British Raj. Following the 1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum, referendum in 1947 to join either Pakistan or India, the province voted hugely in favour of joining Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan and it acceded accordingly on 14 August 1947. It was dissolved to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955 upon promulgation of One Unit Scheme and was reestablished in Legal Framework Order, 1970, 1970. It was known by this name until 19 April 2010, when it was dissolved and redesignated as the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa following the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Eighteenth Amendmen ...
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Murderous Outrages Regulation
The Murderous Outrages Regulation (or Act) refers to several pieces of legislation in 19th century British India (which then included modern Pakistan) that gave the colonial government additional powers to prosecute serious crimes such as murder. * Punjab Murderous Outrages Act 1867: Also known as Act XXIII of 1867, ''for the suppression of murderous outrages in certain districts of the Punjab'', detailed the "Punishment of fanatics murdering or attempting to murder", including such issues as forfeiture of property, trials, appeals, and disposal of the bodies of criminals. *Murderous Outrages Act 1877 (''revival and amendment of Act XXIII of 1867'') or Act IV of 1877: also known as the "Ghazi Act", *Frontier Murderous Outrages Regulation (IV of 1901): ''A Regulation to make better provision for the suppression of murderous outrages in certain frontier tracts''. See also *Frontier Crimes Regulations The Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were a special set of laws of British R ...
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Geo TV
Jang Media Group (), also known as Geo Group, is a Pakistani media conglomerate and a subsidiary of Dubai-based company Independent Media Corporation. It has headquarters in Printing House, Karachi. It is the publisher of the Urdu language newspaper the ''Daily Jang'', ''The News International'', ''Mag Weekly'', and operates Geo News and Geo TV channels.The War on Jang on Newsweek (Pakistan) website
Published 26 November 2014, Retrieved 24 October 2019
Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman is the current Editor-in-Chief.


History

Mir Khalil ur Rehman, a businessman of Kashmiri descent, founded the Jang Group at the end of World War II. As of 2011, his eldest son, Mir Javed ur Rehman, is the group chairman and the executive directo ...
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