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Friedrich-August-Kreuz
The Friedrich-August Cross was a German decoration of the First World War. It was set up on 24 September 1914 by Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, with two classes, for (to quote its citation) "all persons of military or civilian status, who have shown outstanding service during the war itself". Insignia The Friedrich-August-Kreuz is a black iron cross pattée with a laurel wreath between the arms. The obverse of the cross bears a circular central medallion with the initials ''FA''. The crown of Oldenburg appears on the upper arm of the cross, with the lower arm bearing the date ''1914''. The reverse is plain. Recipients First Class * Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948) * Conrad Albrecht * Joachim von Amsberg (general) * Hermann Bauer * Paul Behncke * Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg * Johannes Blaskowitz * Werner von Blomberg * Friedrich Boedicker * Walter Böning * Walter Braemer * Karl-Heinrich Brenner * Eduard von Capelle * Prince Eitel Friedrich of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Geyr Von Schweppenburg
Leo Dietrich Franz Reichsfreiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II, noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare. He commanded the 5th Panzer Army (formalised as Panzer Group West) during the Invasion of Normandy, and later served as Inspector General, Inspector General of Armoured Troops. After the war he was involved in the development of the newly built German Army (Bundeswehr). Early life and career Freiherr von Geyr was born 1886 in Potsdam into the Prussian military aristocracy and descended from a family that produced two Prussian Field Marshals. His father was the retired colonel Karl Geyr von Schweppenburg (1840–1913), a close friend and chief stable master of William II of Württemberg. His mother, Elisabeth Karoline von Hülsen-Haeseler (1855–1887), was the daughter of Botho von Hülsen. He joined the German Army (German Empire), German Army in 190 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke Of Oldenburg
Frederick Augustus II (16 November 1852 in Oldenburg – 24 February 1931 in Rastede) was the last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg. Frederick Augustus was the eldest son of Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg. He grew up with an interest in the navy and studied at multiple German universities, before serving in the navy. In 1878, he married Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, daughter of Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau and Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia. After her death in 1895, he married Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1896. He ascended to the Oldenburg throne in 1900 as Frederick Augustus II and funded multiple infrastructure projects, including the development of ports and waterways. The First World War broke out during his reign which saw the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg fight with the German Empire under Kaiser Wilhelm II on the side of the Central Powers. The German Revolution at the end of the war forced Frederick Augustus to abdicate and led t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Bauer
Hermann Bauer (22 July 1875 – 11 February 1958) was a German naval officer who served as commander of the U-boat forces of the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' during World War I. In addition to his World War I career, Bauer is well known as the author of the book ''Das Unterseeboot'', a treatise on the design and operation of U-boats, which was later translated into English by Hyman G. Rickover. Rickover's translation became a basic text for the US submarine service. Career Bauer joined the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' as a cadet in April 1892, completing his basic training aboard the sailing frigate , before attending the Naval Academy in 1892–1893. He continued his training on the ship and the cruiser . After a second period of study at the Naval Academy in 1894-1895 Bauer was promoted to ''Unterleutnant zur See'' on 15 September 1895 and subsequently served on the battleship . In 1897 Bauer served on the frigate before transferring to the light cruiser as a deck officer. On 12 April 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Böning
''Leutnant'' Walter Böning was a German World War I flying ace from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg credited with 17 aerial victories. He began his World War I military service as an infantryman. He distinguished himself by winning both the Gold Medal for Bravery and the Second Class Iron Cross. He then transferred to aviation duty, training originally as a reconnaissance pilot before advancing to become a fighter pilot. Between 6 April 1917 and 30 May 1918, he was credited with 17 aerial victories. On 31 May 1918, he survived a midair collision while being attacked by British fighters. Although he coaxed his damaged machine home, the serious leg wound he had suffered sidelined him through war's end. Military service Böning began his military career with distinguished service in Bavaria's 19th Infantry Regiment, being awarded the Golden Bravery Medal on 15 May 1915, as well as winning an Iron Cross Second Class. He then transferred to the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' (German flying service ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Capelle
Eduard von Capelle (10 October 1855 – 23 February 1931) was a German Imperial Navy officer from Celle. He joined the Imperial German Navy in 1872, serving in various roles, including as an executive officer of the battleship and chief of the administrative department in the ''Reichsmarineamt'' (Imperial Naval Office). Working closely with Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, he was primarily responsible for drafting the '' Flottengesetze'' (German Naval Laws), and was promoted to admiral in 1913. He was supportive of Germany's entry into war during July Crisis of 1914. Capelle was recalled from his post in March 1916 to replace Tirpitz as the State Secretary of the Imperial Navy Office, and oversaw the German naval war during the latter three years of World War I. Initially against unrestricted submarine warfare, he was persuaded to support it; the continuation of this policy caused the United States to declare war on Germany. Nevertheless, he maintained his belief in the supre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henning Von Holtzendorff
Henning Rudolf Adolf Karl von Holtzendorff (9 January 1853 – 7 June 1919) was a German admiral during World War I, who became famous for his December 1916 memo about unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Kingdom. He was a recipient of Order of the Black Eagle and the Pour le Mérite with oak leaves and was one of just six Grand Admirals of the Imperial German Navy. Biography Holtzendorff was born into a noble family in Berlin on 9 January 1853. He joined the navy in 1869, served in the Franco-Prussian War and afterwards as a staff officer in the West Africa Squadron. Promoted to captain in 1897; he was present during the Boxer Rebellion as commander of a cruiser in the East Asia Squadron. He served as chief of staff at the Baltic Sea Naval Station and was director of the Kaiserliche Werft Danzig, Imperial Shipyard at Danzig, before becoming a Vice Admiral in 1904. Two years later he was appointed commander of the I Battle Squadron. By 1909 he commanded the High Seas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Von Hipper
Franz Ritter von Hipper (born Franz Hipper; 13 September 1863 – 25 May 1932) was an admiral in the German Imperial Navy, (''Kaiserliche Marine'') who played an important role in the naval warfare of World War I. Franz von Hipper joined the German Navy in 1881 as an officer cadet. He commanded several torpedo boat units and served as watch officer aboard several warships, as well as Kaiser Wilhelm II's yacht . Hipper commanded several cruisers in the reconnaissance forces before being appointed commander of the I Scouting Group in October 1913. He is most famous for commanding the German battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group during World War I, particularly at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May – 1 June 1916. During the war, Hipper led the German battlecruisers on several raids of the English coast, for which he was vilified in the English press as a "baby killer". His squadron clashed with the British battlecruiser squadron at the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German military and political leader who led the Imperial German Army during the First World War and later became President of Germany (1919–1945), President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. He played a key role in the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 when he appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Hindenburg was born to a family of minor Prussian nobility in the Grand Duchy of Posen. Upon completing his education as a cadet, he enlisted in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards as a second lieutenant. He saw combat during the Austro-Prussian War, Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian wars. In 1873, he was admitted to the prestigious Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt, War Academy in Berlin, where he studied before being appointed to the General Staff Corps. In 1885, he was promoted to major and became a member of the German General Staff. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Heye
Wilhelm Heye (31 January 1869 – 11 March 1947) was a Prussian and German officer who rose to the rank of Generaloberst and became Chief of the Army Command within the Ministry of the Reichswehr in the Weimar Republic. Family Maximilian Henry Friedrich Wilhelm Heye was born on 31 January 1869 in Fulda as the son of Wilhelm Heye (1824-1899), a Prussian ''Oberstleutnant'', and Charlotte, ''née'' von Finckh (1834-1871). His paternal grandfather Ernst Heye was a lawyer in Oldenburg and his maternal grandfather Alexander von Finckh was a senior official of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. His brother Alexander (1860-1915) was a Prussian ''Generalmajor zur Disposition'' and author. Thilo Vogelsang: ''Heye, Wilhelm'', in: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 9'', Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7, p. 79 His brother-in-law (1860-1930) served as Minister-President of the Free State of Oldenburg from 1923 to 1930. Wilhelm was married on 29 September 1894 to Elis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heino Von Heimburg
Heino von Heimburg (24 October 1889 – October 1945) was a German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I and served also as ''Vizeadmiral'' (vice admiral) in the Kriegsmarine during World War II. World War I On 10 June 1915, Heimburg, in command of sank the off Porto di Piave Vecchia in the northern Adriatic. On 6 July 1915, Heimburg, in command of with a crew of 14, torpedoed and sank the while operating under the Austrian flag off Venice. On 16 July, Heimburg sailed for the Dardanelles. This was at a time when the range of submarines was very limited. To reach Bodrum, ''UB-14'' had to be towed a considerable part of the distance by an Austrian destroyer. Even so, her engine broke down off Crete and her compass became defective. Despite these problems, she arrived at Bodrum on 24 July. On arrival, she recharged the batteries of , which had arrived four days earlier with engine problems. A maintenance team then had to travel from Constantinople to ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Von Hanneken (soldier)
Hermann Konstantin Albert Julius von Hanneken (5 January 1890 – 22 July 1981) was a German General of the Infantry who was supreme commander of the German forces in Denmark from 29 September 1942 to January 1945. Early career On 19 July 1908 after training in a cadet school, von Hanneken joined the Königin Augusta Garde Grenadier Regiment No. 4 as a ''Fähnrich''. A little over a year later, on 19 August 1909, he was promoted to ''Leutnant''. On 1 October 1913 until the start of World War I, he was a part of the Oldenburg Infantry Regiment No. 91. World War I Soon after the start of the Great War, von Hanneken became the Adjutant of the III. Battalion of the 79th Reserve-Infantry-Regiment until 3 January 1915. von Hanneken was then transferred to the 260th Reserve-Infantry-Regiment as the Regiments-Adjutant, being promoted on 24 July 1915 to ''Oberleutnant''. From 10 July 1916 he served as leader of the regiments Machine Gun-Company. After 16 November 1916 he was made a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Geyer
__NOTOC__ Hermann Geyer (7 July 1882 – 10 April 1946) was a German general during World War II who commanded the IX Army Corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Geyer retired in 1943 and committed suicide in 1946. World War I On January 1, 1918, the German Army published a pamphlet written by Captain Hermann Geyer entitled ''The Attack in Position Warfare''. The pamphlet described infantry infiltration tactics, the role of following supporting forces and the role of aviation. These tactics were used in the German 1918 Spring Offensive or ''Kaiserschlacht'' (Kaiser's Battle). Awards and decorations * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 25 June 1940 as ''General der Infanterie General of the infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to: * General of the Infantry (Austria) * General of the Infantry (Bulgaria) * General of the Infantry (Germany) ('), a rank of a general in the German Impe ...'' and com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
